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- Lindén, Thomas, 1962, et al.
(author)
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Protective effect of lesion to the glutamatergic cortico-striatal projections on the hypoglycemic nerve cell injury in rat striatum.
- 1987
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In: Acta neuropathologica. - 0001-6322. ; 74:4, s. 335-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In rat striatum severe hypoglycemia causes an irreversible nerve cell injury, which does not become manifest until during the post-insult recovery period. This injury can be ameliorated by lesions of the glutamatergic cortico-striatal pathway, which suggests that an "excitotoxic" effect mediated by the glutamatergic input is the likely cause of the post-hypoglycemic nerve cell destruction. In this paper we further characterize the protective effect of abolishing the glutamatergic innervation to striatum at the ultrastructural level. Two weeks after a unilateral cortical ablation rats were subjected to 30 min of severe hypoglycemia with isoelectric EEG and killed either immediately after the insult or following 60 min of recovery induced by restoring the blood glucose levels. Immediately after the hypoglycemic insult the structure of striatum was similar on both sides (except for the changes attributable to the ablation); i.e., the neurons and their dendrites had pale cytoplasm with condensed mitochondria, sparse RER and pinpoint ribosomes. After 60 min restitution numerous striatal neurons on the non-protected, non-ablated side had turned variably dark and condensed, whereas underneath the ablation they remained similar as immediately after hypoglycemia. This sequence indicates that the most likely cause of nerve cell destruction on the non-protected side is the "excitotoxic" effect mediated by the glutamatergic innervation, which is superimposed on the action of the hypoglycemic insult per se. Furthermore, the primary condensation of neurons and their dendrites indicate existence of another type of acute "excitotoxic" nerve cell injury which differs from the previously described injury characterized by neuronal swelling.
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| 3. |
- von Knorring, Anne-Liis, 1945-
(author)
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Adoption studies on psychiatric illness : epidemiological, environmental and genetic aspects
- 1983
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of adoptions and to study the gene-environment influences on psychiatric illness as well as sick-leave patterns. The material consists of 2 966 adopted persons born between 1917 and 1949, their 5 932 adoptive parents and 5 438 identified biological parents.Adopted persons had a higher incidence of personality disorders and substance abuse than non-adopted controls. Adopted men also had an increased incidence of neuroses. Adopted women had an increased sick-leave because of somatic complaints, especially upper respiratory tract infections and abdominal complaints of short duration. Somatization i.e. more than 2 sick-leaves/year because of somatic complaint together with nervous complaints was more frequent among adopted women. Women with somatization could be separated into 2 types according to the pattern of sick-leave. Type 1 ("high frequency") had frequent sick-leaves for psychiatric, abdominal and back complaints. They also had a high frequency of alcohol abuse. Type 2 ("diversiform") had more diverse complaints and had fewer sick-leaves because of nervous complaints.High frequency somatizers had biological fathers with teenage onset of criminality and frequent registrations for alcohol abuse. Diversiform somatizers had the same genetic background as adopted men with petty criminality or male limited alcoholism.No specific genetic influences on treated depression or substance abuse were found in this study. However, a non-specific vulnerability of the biological mother influenced on the risk of depression and substance abuse among adopted women.There were some indications that placement in the adoptive home between 6 and 12 months of age was associated with reactive neurotic depression in adult life. Otherwise early negative experiences in term of unstable placements before adoption did not significantly influence on psychiatric illness in adulthood.Affective disorders in the adoptive father were associated with treatment for depressions or substance abuse in the adoptee. Low social status in the part of the adoptive father increased the risk of somatization of both types in the adoptee.
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| 5. |
- Nilsonne, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Measuring the rate of change of voice fundamental frequency in fluent speech during mental depression
- 1988
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In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0001-4966. ; 83:2, s. 716-728
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method of measuring the rate of change of fundamental frequency has been developed in an effort to find acoustic voice parameters that could be useful in psychiatric research. A minicomputer program was used to extract seven parameters from the fundamental frequency contour of tape‐recorded speech samples: (1) the average rate of change of the fundamental frequency and (2) its standard deviation, (3) the absolute rate of fundamental frequency change, (4) the total reading time, (5) the percent pause time of the total reading time, (6) the mean, and (7) the standard deviation of the fundamental frequency distribution. The method is demonstrated on (a) a material consisting of synthetic speech and (b) voice recordings of depressed patients who were examined during depression and after improvement.
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| 6. |
- Sandman, Per-Olof, 1950-, et al.
(author)
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Verbal communication and behaviour during meals in five institutionalized patients with Alzheimer-type dementia
- 1988
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In: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 13:5, s. 571-578
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Five institutionalized patients with Alzheimer-type dementia were observed (video-recorded) during meals. The aim was to assess their meal behaviour and social interaction. The results showed that when the patients ate without the participation of staff, the two least demented patients became 'caregivers' in the group and helped the three most demented patients to eat. When two mental nurses joined the group, the patients dropped their roles as helpers. The conversation in the group could be characterized as incomplete, with short sentences and a lot of breaks. Sixty-three per cent of all comprehensible utterances concerned food and eating and almost all conversation concerned the present.
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| 8. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(author)
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Borderline diagnosis from hospital records : reliability and validity of Gunderson's diagnostic interview for Borderlines (DIB)
- 1985
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In: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 173:1, s. 32-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two trained and experienced clinical psychologists and two nontrained students rated the sections in Gunderson's Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) on the basis of hospital records for 16 patients (DIB-R). The results showed that both reliability and validity, i.e., correlations with an actual interview, were unexpectedly high, around .80 for the trained judges and around .55 for the nontrained judges. The conclusion is that the DIB may be used for retrospective diagnosis of borderline patients from hospital records.
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