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- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal pilot study of the Rorschach as a neuropsychological instrument
- 1997
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Ingår i: Carlsson, A.M. et al (red), Research into Rorschach and Projective Methods. Selected papers from the First Nordic Symposium on Research into Rorschach and Projective Methods. Uppsala, Sweden, August 1995.. - 9197299618 ; , s. 117-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients with mixed organic mental disorders after a neurosurgical procedure were tested repeatedly with the Roschach method according to the classical European school (Bohm). The results show that the Rorschach may be a valuable method for following the gradual worsening or improvement of organic mental conditions. Hermann Rorschach's original description of the test profile of patients with Korsakoff's amnestic syndrome was also supported by the data.
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| 4. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal pilot study of the Rorschach as a neuropsychological instrument.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Research into Rorschach and Projective Methods. A.M. Carlsson et al (ed), Swedish Rorschach Society, Stockholm.. - 9197299618 ; , s. 117-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients with organic mental disorders, in all cases including Korsakoff’s amnestic disorder (KAD) and in four cases due to a complication after an aneurysm operation, were followed for up to two years. Each patient was assessed at least three times; the total number of assessment points was 26. The patients’ neuropsychiatric status was assessed clinically according to the diagnostic system of Lindqvist & Malmgren. The severity of the individual disorders and the global severity of the neuropsychiatric disturbance were estimated on each occasion. The patients were assessed using memory, concentration and general intelligence tests, and independently with Rorschach according to Bohm’s method. The scores on 38 selected Rorschach variables were compared with the clinical assessments and with the other test data. In accord with earlier studies we found that KAD has a Rorschach profile which differs significantly from the findings in patients where other organic mental disorders dominate the clinical picture. We also saw a previously not reported sign of KAD, namely, frequent contaminated whole responses. A comparison with the judgments of global severity also gave some support to the thesis that the Rorschach is a valid indicator of organic mental disorder in general. Altogether the study shows that the longitudinal design offers great possibilities for the analysis of Rorschach signs of organic mental disorders.
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- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Asteno-emotionellt syndrom, kognitiv dysfunktion : Astheno-emotional syndrome and cognitive dysfunction after whiplash injuries
- 1999
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Ingår i: Konferens och utbildningsdag om whiplash-skador, Göteborg 19/10 1999.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Typiska manifestationer av lindriga till måttliga asteno-emotionella syndrom (AE-syndrom, AED): • Koncentrationssvårigheter (ssk. svårighet att upprätthålla koncentration över tid) • Psykisk uttröttbarhet • Sekundära minnestörningar (påverkan såväl på korttidsminnet som på lagring till och framtagning från långtidsminnet) • Emotionell labilitet • Irritabilitet • Överkänslighet för sensoriska stimuli Tänkbara orsaker till AED vid whiplash-trauma: • Vid uppenbar hjärnskada kan ett tydligt AED framträda relativt tidigt. • Ett lindrigt AED baserat på en centralnervös funktionsrubbning kan möjligen uppstå primärt, även om amnesi för episoden inte föreligger. Observera att ett lindrigt AE-syndrom i denna fas kan maskeras av andra, mer påtagliga symtom. • Ett patologiskt signalflöde från den skadade nackregionen (vare sig det når medvetandet eller ej) kan sannolikt innebära en överbelastning av högre centra i CNS, och därför ge ett lindrigt sekundärt AED utan primär dysfunktion i CNS. • Kroniska, upplevda symtom av skadan (smärta, yrsel etc) kan på längre sikt också ge en sådan överbelastning , vilket leder till ett lindrigt AED. Tänkbara följder av AED vid whiplash: AED kan i sig ge psykogena komplikationer, svåra eller omöjliga att skilja från reaktioner av typ PTSD och från sekundära reaktioner på övriga kroniska symtom av skadan. Vanliga psykogena komplikationer: • Ängslan och ångest • Spänning • Huvudvärk • Vegetativa symptom • Depressivitet Av dessa reaktioner är den sekundära depressionen vid utdragna besvär särskilt viktig att beakta, liksom givetvis möjligheten till många onda cirklar med övrig symtomatologi vid whiplashskador (AED --> ökad smärtreaktivitet --> värre AED). Förslag till revision av vårdprogram: • Anamnes beträffande AED bör alltid tas tidigt i förloppet • Neuropsykologisk utredning kan vara indicerad tidigt, även om tydliga kognitiva symtom inte spontant rapporterats • Patientinformationen bör tidigt innefatta en diskussion av symptom, prognos och lämpliga åtgärder vid lindriga astenoemotionella syndrom • Försiktighet med återgång till fullt arbete innan AED har uteslutits.
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- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Without a proper definition, you do not see the phenomenon
- 1997
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Ingår i: Consciousness and its pathologies. San Diego, CA, May 17-18, 1997.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the beginning of the century, pioneer psychiatrists in the classical German school (Kraepelin, Bonhoeffer) had established beyond reasonable doubt the existence of a certain organic mental syndrome or “reaction form”, variously named “Reizbare Schwäche” (irritable weakness) or “Emotionell-hyperaestetisches Schwächezustand” (emotional-hypersensitive weakness state). This reaction form is typically manifested by concentration difficulties, mental fatiguability, secondary memory disturbances, irritability and emotional lability. The term “astheno-emotional disorder” (AED) has recently been suggested. Patients showing this constellation of symptoms are very common in all parts of organic psychiatry, for example after moderate trauma to the brain, in chronic intoxications, in certain chronic infectious states, in endocrine disorders, as the initial manifestation of a brain tumour, after an intracranial bleeding, and so on. Mild forms of the same disorder are sometimes met with in which no organic cause can be found but where the patient has instead suffered great mental stress. The condition usually affects the patients’ ability to work and is often socially handicapping. In spite of the importance of AED, and in spite of its being well-known to most practitioners in each of the separate areas where it occurs, academic psychiatry has displayed very little interest in the condition during the last 40 years, and the major diagnostic systems of today do not allow for a unitary classification of these cases. For example, in DSM-IV a certain share of the mild cases would receive the diagnosis “mild cognitive disorder”, which would however fit neither mild cases with dominating emotional lability nor any of the (equally common) more severe cases. In this paper, I suggest the following causes of the present situation concerning the diagnosis of AED: (1) The astheno-emotional syndrome is often complicated by secondary, psychogenic reactions such as anxiety, feelings of tension and depressive mood, which can be difficult to disentangle from the primary symptoms. Many earlier classificatory attempts in this area (often in terms of “neurasthenia”) stumbled on a failure to distinguish the primary from the secondary symptoms. (2) The fact that the primary symptoms can themselves be psychogenic in nature, and the fact that the etiology cannot always be known for certain, entail that the disorder has to be delimited without recourse to causes. Many systems instead prefer seperate diagnoses for psychogenic cases. (3) Clinically, cases of AED form a continuum, ranging from very mild disturbances without clinical import to severe disturbances justifying a global diagnosis of dementia. Most diagnostic systems of today do not allow for such large-scale gradations of the severity of a disorder. (4) The conceptual apparatus which is used to describe symptoms is often too coarse to be able to distinguish typical symptoms of AED from similar symptoms which do not belong to this disorder. A clear examples of this is “memory difficulties”, which can refer either to a primary memory disturbance of the kind seen in Korsakov’s amnestic disorder or to secondary effects of concentration difficulties, as in mild AED. Another example is the term “emotional disturbance”, which does not differentiate between the emotional flattening typically seen in severe frontolimbic injuries and the emotional instability which is very common in AED. (5) The operationalistic bias in several recent systems of psychiatric classification prohibits hypothetical diagnoses based on knowledge of the interaction between different psychiatric disorders. From longitudinal studies of patients it is clear that the emotional lability and the manifest fatiguability of a patient with AED can both be completely neutralized if the same patient also suffers an emotional flattening. This means that the diagnosis of AED cannot be completely operationalized in terms of present symptoms. (6) The isolation of different parts of organic psychiatry from each other and from general psychiatry implies that few psychiatrists have a sufficiently broad experience to see the full spectrum of AED.
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| 9. |
- Drugge, Ulf
(författare)
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Fragile-X syndromet i gången tid
- 1991
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Ingår i: Forskning om utvecklingsstörning och omsorger inför 90-talet. - Stockholm : Sävstaholmsföreningen. ; , s. 37-43
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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