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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Elisabet W, et al.
(författare)
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Familial factors in anorexia nervosa: a community-based study.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - 0010-440X. ; 39:6, s. 392-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of 51 cases with teenage anorexia nervosa (AN; including a total population of cases from one birth cohort) were compared with a sex-, age-, and school-matched group of 51 cases on familial factors. The subjects were examined at age 16 and 21 years. In the first study, mothers of both groups were interviewed regarding physical and psychiatric disorders among first-degree relatives. In the followup study, the subjects were interviewed according to the same structured interview schedule. The data from these interviews were deidentified, and case notes were prepared by a clinician blind to group status. The randomly assorted case notes were then submitted to an experienced psychiatrist who also was blind to group status. There were more relatives with a history and symptoms suggestive of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and major depression in the AN group. There was also significantly more death in first-degree relatives of anorexia nervosa cases. In respect to many axis I DSM-IV diagnoses, including eating disorders and substance abuse, there were no significant differences across groups. Instead we found PDD symptoms, major depression, and death in first-degree relatives to be important in the AN group.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, E. W, et al.
(författare)
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Ten-year follow-up of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: personality disorders
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567. ; 38:11, s. 1389-1395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the development of personality disorders, especially those involving obsessions, compulsions, and social interaction problems, in a representative group of anorexia nervosa (AN) cases. METHOD: The prevalence of personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorders at mean age 24 years (10 years after reported onset) was examined in 51 adolescent-onset AN cases recruited after community screening and 51 comparison cases matched for age, sex, and school. All 102 cases had originally been examined at age 16 years and followed up at 21 years. At 24 years, structured and validated psychiatric diagnostic interviews were performed by a psychiatrist who was blind to original diagnosis. The majority of AN cases (94%) were weight-restored. RESULTS: Personality disorders, particularly cluster C, and autism spectrum disorders were overrepresented in the AN group. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and/or autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed in a subgroup of AN cases in all 3 studies. This subgroup had a very poor psychosocial outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent problems with obsessions, compulsions, and social interaction characterized a substantial minority of weight-restored AN cases at 10-year follow-up. These problems appear to be constitutional rather than a result of AN, and they may warrant a different treatment approach.
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| 4. |
- Philippe, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide scan for autism susceptibility genes. Paris Autism Research International Sibpair Study.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 8:5, s. 805-812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family and twin studies have suggested a genetic component in autism. We performed a genome-wide screen with 264 microsatellites markers in 51 multiplex families, using non-parametric linkage methods. Families were recruited by a collaborative group including clinicians from Sweden, France, Norway, the USA, Italy, Austria and Belgium. Using two-point and multipoint affected sib-pair analyses, 11 regions gave nominal P-values of 0.05 or lower. Four of these regions overlapped with regions on chromosomes 2q, 7q, 16p and 19p identified by the first genome-wide scan of autism performed by the International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium. Another of our potential susceptibility regions overlapped with the 15q11–q13 region identified in previous candidate gene studies. Our study revealed six additional regions on chromosomes 4q, 5p, 6q, 10q, 18q and Xp. We found that the most significant multipoint linkage was close to marker D6S283 (maximum lod score = 2.23, P= 0.0013)
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| 5. |
- Råstam, Maria, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Alexithymia in anorexia nervosa: a controlled study using the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 95:5, s. 385-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was completed at the age of 22 years by individuals who had previously suffered from anorexia nervosa (AN), and also by members of a comparison group. The AN and comparison groups had been recruited from community samples. Overall, the TAS scores did not clearly discriminate between the two groups. However, the AN group was significantly more often represented among subjects with the highest TAS scores. A subgroup with empathy disorder tended to have particularly high scores. It is concluded that alexithymia, as defined using the TAS-20, is found only in a subgroup of individuals with AN, and possibly more often in those who are also clinically diagnosed as suffering from empathy disorder. The TAS-20 is not suitable for screening of AN in the general population.
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