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- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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The precarious practice of forensic psychiatric risk assessments
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 32:6, s. 400-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of forensic psychiatric risk assessments is discussed from a clinical point of view using the example of Sweden. A central task in forensic psychiatry has traditionally been to identify dangerous, mentally disordered subjects considered to be prone to commit violent acts. Over time, “dangerousness” has been reworded into “risk”. Nevertheless, such assessments have generally been based on the psychiatric factors characterising the individual patient, while group interaction, situational factors, or social and cultural circumstances, such as the availability of alcohol and drugs, have been largely overlooked. That risk assessments have a focused on people with a diagnosis of “mental disorder” and been used as grounds for coercive measures and integrity violations has somehow been accepted as a matter of course in the public and political debate. Even the basic question whether offenders with a mental disorder are really more prone to criminal recidivism than other offenders seems to have been treated light-handedly and dealt with merely by epidemiological comparisons between groups of persons with broad ranges of psychosocial vulnerability and the general population. Legal texts, instructions and guidelines from the authorities in charge are often vague and general, while actors in the judicial system seem to put their trust in psychiatric opinions. The exchange of professional opinions, general public expectations, and judicial decision processes poses a huge risk for misunderstandings based on divergent expectations and uses of terminology.
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| 2. |
- Helldén, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Death delusion. : Cotard's syndrome as an adverse drug reaction to (val-)aciclovir
- 2007
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Ingår i: BMJ (Clinical research ed.). - 1468-5833. ; 335:7633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report two cases of Cotard’s syndrome that occurred as an adverse drug reaction to aciclovir and its prodrug valaciclovir. In the 1880s Jules Cotard first described his eponymous syndrome, a rare psychiatric condition with strong delusions of being dead. Aciclovir or valaciclovir may cause neuropsychiatric side effects such as confusion, somnolence, and hallucinations, mainly in patients with impaired renal function. To our knowledge, Cotard’s syndrome has never been reported as a suspected adverse drug reaction but associated with severe somatic stress as well as general and localised cerebral pathologies. Our findings add adverse response to an antiviral drug as another cause and provide clues to the syndrome’s possible neuropsychiatric origin. Clinicians should be aware of the association between body scheme disturbances and (val)aciclovir. Affected patients with Cotard’s syndrome and renal failure should preferably be sent to the dialysis unit, not to the department of psychiatry.
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| 3. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Classical Rorschach
- 2004
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Ingår i: Internet.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- These web pages are devoted to the presentation and promotion of the Rorschach method, concentrating on the way it has been practiced within the classical European tradition - from Hermann Rorschach himself in 1921, via Ewald Bohm in the 1950's, 1960's and 1970's, and to the contemporary workers in the Rorschach-Bohm tradition. You can here find basic information about Hermann Rorschach, about the different Rorschach traditions and the essential differences between them, and about the current scientific debate about the Rorschach test. There are also some links to other Web pages devoted to the Rorschach method. The information on these pages has been carefully selected so that it can be made publicly available without interferring with the clinical and scientific use of the Rorschach test. Hence no specific information about the test procedure, about response categories and so on has been included, and of course no pictures of the Rorschach cards are shown.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lindén, Thomas, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Visual neglect and cognitive impairment in elderly patients late after stroke.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 111:3, s. 163-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of visual neglect and its relationship to cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly stroke patients 20 months after stroke. METHODS: Of 243 stroke patients aged 70-91 years, 149 underwent neuropsychiatric testing, 138 with the Star Cancellation Test for visual neglect. RESULTS: Fifteen per cent (n = 21) had visual neglect, 9% (n = 12) severe and 9% (n = 12) lateralized. Cognitive impairments were twice as common in patients with neglect as in patients without it and threefold more common when the neglect was severe. Neglect was related to apraxia, impaired visual field, and a previous stroke. Severe neglect was related to dementia, amnesia and impaired visual field. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic neglect is common after stroke in elderly patients. So are cognitive impairments, especially in those with neglect. This calls for high alertness to impairments in spatial attention when treating patients with dementia and other cognitive impairments.
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| 6. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Descartes visdom : Descartes' wisdom
- 2005
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Ingår i: Svenska Läkaresällskapets Riksstämma, 30/11–2/12 2005.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A. Damasio's bestseller "Descartes' error" is based on a fundamental confusion. The famous words of Descartes, "I think, therefore I am", is a statement about epistemological order: the first statement is his ground for believing the second. However, Damasio interprets it as a causal statement to the effect that thinking causes bodily processes, and argues that causation goes the other way. Through this confusion, Damasio fails to see the wisdom of Descartes that has survived centuries of criticism: that our knowledge about our own consciousness is not derived from knowledge of physical processes.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Rorschach’s idea of a “movement” response in the light of recent philosophy and psychology of perception
- 2000
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Ingår i: Rorschachiana. Yearbook of the International Rorschach Society. - 1192-5604. ; 24, s. 1-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proper definition of the kinesthetic or movement (M) category has been the subject of many controversies within the Rorschach community; see, for example, the discussion between Kramer and Exner (Kramer, 1991; Exner, 1991). The present paper elucidates the nature of movement responses by means of a theoretical analysis of some of the key concepts involved. This analysis in part is of a philosophical character, but I also bring in several recent results from the psychology and neurophysiology of perception which in my opinion are crucial to a correct understanding of the movement responses. The first two parts of the essay describe the basic controversy between those Rorschach theorists who – like Hermann Rorschach himself and Ewald Bohm – hold that kinesthetic identification is a necessary ingredient in any movement response, and those – like John Exner – who want to drop this condition from the definition. This controversy is shown to involve another fundamental issue, namely: In what sense is movement a determinant, and what should be meant by a determinant? The third section also discusses a main objection against keeping Rorschach’s original definition: its reliance on introspective criteria. The fourth part takes a historical perspective, describing the philosophical and psychological tradition called associationism, discussing certain ideas concerning kinesthetic sensibility brought forward within that tradition, and finally analyzing the nature and extent of Hermann Rorschach’s commitment to associationism, especially as manifested in his doctoral dissertation. Some main elements of the 20th-century psychological and philosophical critique of associationism are outlined in Sections 5–6, and the relevance of this critique for the definition of a movement response is explained. Converging evidence from different sources, such as child psychology and clinical and primate neuropsychology, is then brought together in Section 7 to show that recent work on perception supports Hermann Rorschach’s basic intuition about the M category. In Section 8, a new definition of movement responses is given in terms of practical perception and immediate visuo-motor couplings. Finally, in Section 9, the possible use of Rorschach data in the experimental analysis of motion-from-form perception is pointed out.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Möller, Patrik
(författare)
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Glimten i läkarens blick : Foucault, psykiatrihistoria och "antropologiska kategorier"
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandia. - : Lunds universitet. - 0036-5483. ; 72:2, s. 60-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In The Archaeology of Knowledge Michel Foucault teaches us to discard or at least decentre the historical subject and to call all the unquestioned continuities by which we organize the discourses we want to analyse in question. The aim of this study is to discuss the implications of such a theoretical approach when it is applied to a scholarly project that focuses on a certain historical individual, the Swedish psychiatrist, Bror Gadelius, and his role in the formation of a specific discursive formation, early 20th-century psychiatry in Sweden.
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