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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) hsv:(Psykiatri) srt2:(2000-2009);lar1:(hj)"

Sökning: hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) hsv:(Psykiatri) > (2000-2009) > Jönköping University

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1.
  • Hassing, Linda, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Overweight in midlife and risk of dementia: a 40-year follow-up study
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer. ; 33:8, s. 893-898
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: This study examines whether overweight in midlife increases dementia risk later in life. Methods: In 1963 body mass index was assessed in 1152 participants of The Swedish Twin Registry, at the age of 45–65 years. These participants were later screened for dementia in a prospective study with up to 40 years follow-up. A total of 312 participants were diagnosed with dementia. Results: Logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic factors, smoking and alcohol habits, indicated that men and women categorized as overweight in their midlife had an elevated risk of dementia (OR=1.59; 95% CI: 1.21–2.07, P=0.002), Alzheimer's disease (OR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.24–2.35, P=0.003), and vascular dementia (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 0.98–2.47, P=0.059). Further adjustments for diabetes and vascular diseases did not substantially affect the associations, except for vascular dementia (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 0.82–2.56, P=0.116), reflecting the significance of diabetes and vascular diseases in the etiology of vascular dementia. There was no significant interaction between overweight and APOE alt epsilon4 status, indicating that having both risk factors does not have a multiplicative effect with regard to dementia risk. Conclusions: This study gives further support to the notion that overweight in midlife increases later risk of dementia. The risk is increased for both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, and follows the same pattern for men and women. Keywords: BMI, alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia, overweight, obesity
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2.
  • Hägglin, Catharina, 1955, et al. (författare)
  • Dental anxiety in relation to mental health and personality factors. A longitudinal study of middle-aged and elderly women.
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 109:1, s. 27-33
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Little is known about the longitudinal course of dental anxiety in relation to age, mental health and personality factors. In 1968 69 a representative sample of 778 women aged 38 to 54 yr took part in a psychiatric examination. Three hundred and ten were followed up in 1992-93. A phobia questionnaire, including assessment of dental fear, and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were distributed to the participants at both occasions. High dental fear was reported by 16.8% of the women at baseline and was associated with a higher number of other phobias, a higher level of neuroticism, more psychiatric impairment, more social disability due to phobic disorder, and a higher anxiety level. Among women who reported high dental fear in 1968 69 (n=36), 64% remitted and 36% remained fearful. Among women with low dental fear in 1968 69 (n = 274), 5% reported high dental fear in 1992-93. Chronicity was associated with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and more psychiatric impairment at base-line. Remission was associated with higher extraversion at baseline. Dental anxiety increased or decreased over time in concert with the number of other fears.
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3.
  • Gerdner, Arne (författare)
  • Diagnosinstrument för beroende och missbruk – Granskning av ADDIS validitet och interna konsistens gällande alkoholproblem
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Sage Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 26:3, s. 265-276
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Swedish National Board on Health and Welfare recommends that structured assessment instruments should be used in medical as well as in social treatment of substance misusers. These should be validated in a Swedish context. Instruments for diagnoses of dependence/abuse (DSM-IV) and dependence/harmful use (ICD-10) have been used in Sweden for many years, although not yet validated in Swedish. ADDIS, Swedish version of the American SUDDS, is used in four Nordic countries and the most often used diagnostic instrument in Sweden. This article investigates the psychometric properties of ADDIS alcohol module, including discriminant and construct validity and internal consistency. The two main constructs in DSM – dependence and abuse – as well as the seven criteria for dependence and the four criteria for abuse are studied. Further, the value of each of the 44 specific items in ADDIS for capturing these criteria is studied.Two samples are explored: 1) a clinical sample (n = 349; incl. 129 women) and 2) a sample of 400 men convicted for driving while intoxicated. Mean age was the same (41 ys.). Using discriminant analyses on lifetime prevalence, the items correctly classify 94 % of the cases in the two samples. Using one-factor principal component analysis to explore homogeneity of the combined samples, all 28 items on dependence and 15 of 18 items on abuse have loadings above 0,40 (R2 dependence = 0,46; abuse = 0,40). Separate analyses of the two samples, as well as on women, show similar results. Cronbach’s alpha is excellent for dependence and satisfactory for abuse in all analyses. Analyses of specific criteria show satisfactory results on dependence and acceptable on abuse. Minor revisions are proposed to make ADDIS more user-friendly and to improve some specific items. In conclusion: ADDIS has acceptable to excellent discriminant and construct validity as well as internal consistency and captures the specific criteria of DSM-IV. It has the preconditions for sensitive assessment of alcohol use disorders in men and women.
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4.
  • Gerdner, Arne, et al. (författare)
  • Factors affecting motivation to treatment in severely dependent alcoholics
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol. - 0096-882X .- 1934-2683. ; 61:4, s. 548-560
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The paper explores environmental, developmental and personality related factors as predictors of motivation to treatment for alcoholism using concepts such as social situation on admission, treatment career, age, education and adventurous patterns of behavior. Method: The original population consists of 603 severely dependent alcoholic patients (mean age 40 years, 24% women, 42% compulsorily committed). In a structural equation model estimation, 85% of the original cases were used, compulsorily as well as voluntarily admitted patients. A reduced model was tried on voluntary patients alone. Results: In the main model, pattern of behavior and age were not related to the motivation to treatment, while treatment career had some negative impact. Social problems were related to less motivation to treatment. In turn, a worse social situation was related to more treatment experience. The reduced model on voluntary patients alone confirmed the main findings, although more previous treatment tended to be related to more motivation. Conclusion: Motivation was mostly related to a better social situation, having �more to lose�. A collapse in the social situation was more an obstacle than a promoter of motivation. There was no support for statements that �maturing out� would result in more motivation and inconclusive findings concerning the impact on motivation from having many previous treatment experiences. The pattern of behavior was not directly related to the level of motivation. Based on these findings, the relevance of social work for motivation to treatment is discussed.
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  • Gerdner, Arne, et al. (författare)
  • Personality factors and drug of choice in female addicts with psychiatric comorbidity
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Substance use and misuse. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 37:1, s. 1-18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Female addicts (n=108) with a mean age of 37.2 were tested using the TCI. In a representative sub-sample (n=49) assessed with the SCID, 82% manifested an axis-1-syndrome (lifetime) and 53% a personality disorder. Of the 108 addicts, 42 preferred alcohol, 14 heroin, 33 amphetamines and 19 benzodiazepines. Maturity was low, but there were no differences in maturity between drug preference groups. Results indicated that those less mature were more �novelty-seeking� and �harm-avoidant�, while those maturer tended to be more persistent. Less mature persons answered less consistently. They agreed more with different items and their answers were more rare compared to the general population. Heroin addicts were less sentimental and helpful and more aware of their own resources. Benzodiazepine and amphetamine addicts were more self-transcendent and self-forgetful. Among the relatively more mature, benzodiazepine addicts scored higher than heroin and alcohol addicts on "true" and rare answers. In conclusion, maturity and the drug of choice among female addicts were related to different TCI scales.
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