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| 2. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects on the suicidal career in severe depression. A comparison between attempts in suicides and controls.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Archives of Suicide Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-6136 .- 1381-1118. ; 6:4, s. 339-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicide attempts in the long term course of illness were investigated in 89 suicides with a primary severe depression/melancholia and in matched controls. Multiaxial ratings at index admission between 1956 and 1969 enabled the selection of patients. These patients were tracked to January 1, 1984. A blind record evaluation was performed. Suicide attempts were more common among suicides than controls. General characteristics of attempts, such as severity, the use of a violent method, and repetition did not differentiate suicides from controls. Rather, there were differences in the pattern of suicide attempts. In suicides, only, re-attempts were related to number of episodes of mood disorder. Controls more often made re-attempts after a stressful life event. Serious attempts occurred early in the course of suicide attempts in female suicides, in contrast to controls. There was a correlation between the occurrence of a suicide attempt and completed suicide among male unipolar patients and female bipolar patients.
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| 3. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Heroin addicts reporting previous heroin overdoses also report suicide attempts
- 2007
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Ingår i: Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior. - : Wiley. - 0363-0234. ; 37:4, s. 475-481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonfatal heroin overdoses and suicide attempts are both common among heroin addicts, but there is limited knowledge about the association between them. The sample in the present study consisted of 149 regular heroin users in Malmo, Sweden. Out of these 98 had taken an unintentional heroin overdose at some time and 51 had made at least one attempt to commit suicide (but not using heroin). Suicide attempts were significantly more common among those who had taken unintentional overdoses as compared with those who had never taken any overdose (p < 0.01). The more overdoses, the greater the risk of suicide attempt.
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| 4. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Late mortality in severe depression
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 103:2, s. 111-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess late mortality among psychiatric in-patients with severe depression/melancholia.METHOD: 1,206 in-patients rated at discharge on a multidimensional diagnostic schedule had received the diagnosis severe depression/ melancholia between 1956 and 1969. A first follow-up was made in 1984. The present follow-up constitutes 675 survivors 15-42 years after the first admission. They were followed-up by means of the general population register and local parish registers to January 1st 1998.RESULTS: At this second follow-up another 279 patients were deceased, standardized mortality ratio 1.3, indicating a continuous increased mortality late in the course of depression. Eleven suicides (4%) were included, eight men and three women, which was less than the 22% found in the first investigation. Male patients showed a higher suicide rate than female patients late in the course.CONCLUSION: The general mortality and suicide rate remain increased late in the course.
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| 6. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term suicide risk of depression in the Lundby cohort 1947-1997 - severity and gender.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 117:3, s. 185-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The long-term suicide risk of depression was evaluated in a community sample by severity and gender. Method: The Lundby study is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study on a population consisting of 3563 subjects. In 1947-1997 medium or severe depression according to the Lundby diagnostic system were registered in 503 subjects. The same subjects were also diagnosed according to DSM-IV showing major depressive disorder (MDD) in 293 and depressive disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS) in 131 subjects. Results: The overall long-term suicide risk varied from 5.6% to 6.8%. The long-term suicide risk was 3.1% for medium and 11.4% for severe 'Lundby depression', 3.7% for medium and 13.8% for severe MDD + DDNOS, 3.1% for medium and 13.7% for severe MDD. Severity and male sex were risk factors for suicide. Conclusion: Males with a severe depression showed a high long-term risk for suicide, around 20%.
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| 7. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term treatment and suicidal behavior in severe depression: ECT and antidepressant pharmacotherapy may have different effects on the occurrence and seriousness of suicide attempts.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Depression and Anxiety. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1091-4269 .- 1520-6394. ; 23:Nov 28, s. 34-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective in this article is to assess the relation between long-term treatments of depressive episodes and attempted or completed suicide in patients who had had a severe depression at index admission. A blind record evaluation of 96 suicides with a primary severe depression and matched controls has been performed. Out of those, 57 and 33, respectively, bad made suicide attempts. Occurrence of attempt was less common after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). However, seriousness of suicide attempt appeared to be reduced in those with at least 4 weeks of antidepressant medication compared to no treatment and ECT The theory of a suicidal syndrome independent of depression seems supported. Continuation treatment after ECT is recommended.
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| 8. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Number of addictive substances used related to increased risk of unnatural death: a combined medico-legal and case-record study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - 1471-244X. ; 9:Aug 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders have repeatedly been found to lead to premature death, i.e. drug-related death by disease, fatal intoxications, or trauma (accidents, suicide, undetermined suicide, and homicide). The present study examined the relationship between multi-drug substance use and natural and unnatural death. METHODS: All consecutive, autopsied patients who had been in contact with the Addiction Centre in Malmö University Hospital from 1993 to 1997 inclusive were investigated. Drug abuse was investigated blindly in the case records and related to the cause of death in 387 subjects. RESULTS: Every substance apart from alcohol used previously in life added to the risk of unnatural death in a linear way. There were independent increased risks of fatal heroin overdoses or undetermined suicide. Death by suicide and violent death were unrelated to additional abuse. CONCLUSION: The number of drugs used was related to an increased risk of unnatural death by undetermined suicide (mainly fatal intoxications) and heroin overdose.
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| 9. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Repetition and severity of suicide attempts across the life cycle: a comparison by age group between suicide victims and controls with severe depression.
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - 1471-244X. ; 9:Sep 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Suicide attempts have been shown to be less common in older age groups, with repeated attempts generally being more common in younger age groups and severe attempts in older age groups. Consistently, most studies have shown an increased suicide risk after attempts in older age. However, little is known about the predictive value of age on repeated and severe suicide attempts for accomplished suicide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the reduced incidence for initial, repeated, or severe suicide attempts with age in suicide victims and controls by gender. METHODS: The records of 100 suicide victims and matched controls with severe depression admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, Lund University Hospital, Sweden between 1956 and 1969, were evaluated and the subjects were monitored up to 2006. The occurrence of suicide attempts (first, repeated, or severe, by age group) was analysed for suicide victims and controls, with gender taken into consideration. RESULTS: There was a reduced risk for an initial suicide attempt by older age in females (suicide victims and controls) and male controls (but not suicide victims). The risk for repeated suicide attempts appeared to be reduced in the older age groups in female controls as compared to female suicide victims. The risk for severe suicide attempts seemed reduced in the older age groups in female suicide victims. This risk was also reduced in male controls and in male controls compared to male suicide victims. CONCLUSION: In the older age groups repeated attempts appeared to be predictive for suicide in women and severe attempts predictive in men.
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| 10. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal distribution of suicide in alcoholism.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 106:4, s. 299-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brådvik L, Berglund M. Seasonal distribution of suicide in alcoholism. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002: 106: 299-302. Copyright Blackwell Munksgaard 2002. Objective: To investigate the seasonal distribution of suicide in alcohol dependence and to make a comparison with unnatural death in alcoholism and suicide in other diagnostic groups. Method: Multiaxial ratings of all patients admitted to the Department of Psychiatry in Lund enabled the selection of patients with alcohol dependence (n=1312) during 1949-1969. When followed up to 1997 a total of 102 (99 men) alcoholic patients had taken their own life. Reference groups were patients with severe depression and autopsy cases with other diagnoses. Results: The alcoholic patients showed a peak during the second quarter of the year (34%, P < 0.05). Other diagnostic groups of suicide and unnatural death in alcoholism did not show any overrepresentation in the spring. Conclusion: Male alcoholics showed a spring peak of suicide as opposed to other diagnostic groups.
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