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- Kjellin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Compulsory psychiatric care in Sweden : development 1979-2002 and area variation
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 31:1, s. 51-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As in many other countries, the Swedish legislation on compulsory psychiatric care has been revised several times during the last four decades. Great regional differences within the country in the use of compulsory psychiatric care have been reported. The aims of this study were to describe the development of compulsory psychiatric care in Sweden 1979–2002, and to analyse differences between two groups of counties, one group with high and one with low civil commitment rates, in terms of psychiatric care structure, resources and processes. Data on civil commitments and forensic psychiatric care in Sweden 1979–2002 were collected from public statistics. At least one responsible person in leading position (administrative manager or chief psychiatrist) in each of the included counties was interviewed. The total number of involuntarily hospitalised patients decreased about 80% between censuses in 1979 and 2002, but the rates of forensic patients were unchanged. No clear-cut differences were found in the analyses of structure, resources and processes of psychiatric services between counties with high and counties with low levels of compulsory care. The equality before the law may be questioned. The importance of leadership is emphasised for future analyses.
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| 2. |
- Wallsten, Tuula, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' and next-of-kins' attitudes towards compulsory psychiatric care
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - Oslo : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 62:6, s. 444-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of a new Civil Commitment Act in Sweden in 1992 involved a shift of emphasis from medical to judicial authority. Little is known about general patient attitudes to compulsory care. The aim of the study was to study possible differences in attitudes, before and after the mental health law reform, among involuntarily and voluntarily admitted patients and their next-of-kins towards involuntary psychiatric admission. Samples of 84 committed and 84 voluntarily admitted patients in 1991 and 118 committed and 117 voluntarily admitted patients in 1997-99 were interviewed within 5 days from admission and at discharge, or after 3 weeks of care. Samples of 64 next-of-kins to the committed patients and 69 next-of-kins to the voluntarily admitted patients in 1991, and 73 and 89 next-of-kins, respectively, in 1997-99 were interviewed approximately 1 month after the admission. Few changes in attitudes were found between the two study occasions. A majority of all patients stated that it should be possible to compulsorily admit patients, and a great majority of the patients and the next-of kins stated that decisions regarding compulsory admission should be taken by doctors. Most patients and next-of-kins regarded decisions about involuntary psychiatric care mainly as a medical matter. Strong support for coercion in order to protect the patient and others was found among next-of-kins. The law reform was not reflected in attitudinal differences.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Sanna Aila, et al.
(författare)
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Personal standards, self-evaluation and perceived benefits of thinness in girls and young women with disturbed eating
- 2008
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Ingår i: European eating disorders review. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1072-4133 .- 1099-0968. ; 16:6, s. 463-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine personal standards, self-evaluation and perceived benefits of thinness in Swedish females 14-21 years with disturbed eating (DE) and to compare these to a group with other psychosocial problems and to a symptom free group. Seventy subjects with DE-group, 65 subjects with psychosocial problems and 70 symptom free subjects were compared regarding items selected from four questionnaires. High personal standards expressed in a competitive way were specific for the DE-group. In comparison with the other groups the DE-group also reported significantly more perceived benefits of thinness and they more frequently believed that thinness would make them more popular. The DE-group also reported a more negative self-evaluation, although this was a trait shared with the subjects with other psychosocial problems and consequently not specific for the DE-group. Identifying specific factors that perpetuate DE habits is important in order to improve our understanding and enhance the treatment of eating disorders.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Sanna Aila, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk and protective factors for disturbed eating in adolescent girls : aspects of perfectionism and attitudes to eating and weight
- 2009
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Ingår i: European eating disorders review. - Chichester : Wiley. - 1072-4133 .- 1099-0968. ; 17:5, s. 380-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to longitudinally examine the role of personal standards, self-evaluation, perceived benefits of thinness and attitudes to eating and weight in the development of healthy versus disturbed eating in adolescent girls. In a longitudinal study, girls who participated in two assessments, four to five years apart, were divided into three groups according to the attitudes to eating that they manifested at the second evaluation: those with disturbed eating patterns (DE-group, n = 49), those with intermediate concerns about eating (IE-group, n = 260) and those with healthy eating attitudes (HE-group, n = 120). Variables concerning attitudes to eating and weight and physical self-evaluation emerged as risk factors, whereas personal standards or self-evaluation in general did not. Protective factors were a low BMI, healthy eating attitudes, an accepting attitude towards body size and a positive self-evaluation, particularly with regard to physical and psychological characteristics. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of early risk and protective factors for eating disturbances in girls.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kjellin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in perceived coercion at admission to psychiatric hospitals in the Nordic countries
- 2006
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - Berlin / Heidelberg : Springer. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 41:3, s. 241-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: International variation in compulsory admissions to psychiatric care has mainly been studied in terms of civil commitment rates. The objectives of this study were to compare and analyse the levels of perceived coercion at admission to psychiatric in-patient care among the Nordic countries and between centres within these countries, in relation to legal prerequisites and clinical practice. METHOD: From one to four centres each in Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Finland and Sweden, a total of 426 legally committed and 494 formally voluntarily admitted patients were interviewed within 5 days from admission. RESULTS: The proportion of committed patients reporting high levels of perceived coercion varied among countries (from 49% in Norway to 100% in Iceland), and in Sweden, only, among centres (from 29 to 90%). No clear variations in this respect were found among voluntary patients. A wide concept of coercion in the Civil Commitment Act and no legal possibility of detention of voluntary patients were associated to low levels of perceived coercion at admission among committed patients. CONCLUSION: For committed patients, differences in national legal prerequisites among countries were reflected in differences in perceived coercion. The results from Sweden also indicate that local care traditions may account for variation among centres within countries.
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