1.
Lidell, Martin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
Evidence for two types of brown adipose tissue in humans
2013
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 19:5, s. 631-634
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The previously observed supraclavicular depot of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans was
2.
West, Janne, et al.
(författare)
Normal Appearing and Diffusely Abnormal White Matter in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, Assessed with Quantitative MR : Optimization for clinical usage
2014
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:4, s. e95161-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a sensitive technique for detecting white matter (WM) MS lesions, but the relation with clinical disability is low. Because of this, changes in both ‘normal appearing white matter’ (NAWM) and ‘diffusely abnormal white matter’ (DAWM) have been of interest in recent years. MR techniques, including quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) and quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qMRS), have been developed in order to detect and quantify such changes.In this study, a combination of qMRI and qMRS was used to investigate NAWM and DAWM in typical MS patients and in MS patients with low number of WM lesions. Patient data were compared to ‘normal white matter’ (NWM) in healthy controls.Methods: QMRI and qMRS measurements were performed on a 1.5T Philips MR-scanner. 35 patients with clinically definite MS and 20 healthy controls were included. Fifteen of the patients showed few WM lesions (‘MRIneg‘) and 20 showed radiologically typical findings (‘MRIpos’). QMRI properties were determined in ROIs of NAWM, DAWM and WM lesions in the MS groups and of NWM in controls. Descriptive statistical analysis and comparisons were performed. Correlations were calculated between qMRI measurements and (1) clinical parameters and (2) WM metabolite concentrations. Regression analyses were performed with brain parenchyma fraction and MSSS.Results: NAWM in the MRIneg group was significantly different from NAWM in the MRIpos group and NWM. In addition, R1 and R2 of NAWM in the MRIpos group correlated negatively with EDSS and MSSS. DAWM was significantly different from NWM, but similar in the two MS groups. N-acetyl aspartate correlated negatively with R1 and R2 in MRIneg. Finally, R2 of DAWM was associated with BPF.Conclusions: Changes in NAWM and DAWM are independent pathological entities in the disease. Combined qMRI and qMRS measurements of NAWM and DAWM provide important markers for disease status.
3.
4.
Borga, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
Improvement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Relating to Correction of Chemical Shift Artifact and Intensity Inhomogeneity
2011
Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.) abstract
Present invention discloses systems and methods for improvement of magnetic resonance images. Correction of a chemical shift artefact in an image acquired from a magnetic resonance imaging system is obtained by a system and a method involving iterative - compensation for the misregistration effect in an image domain. Correction of an intensity inhomogeneity in such images is obtained by a system and a method involving locating voxels corresponding to pure adipose tissue and estimating correction field from these points.
5.
6.
Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof
(författare)
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance in Diffuse Neurological and Liver Disease
2010
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Introduction: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is one of the most important diagnostic tools in modern medicine. Compared to other imaging modalities, it provides superior soft tissue contrast of all parts of the body and it is considered to be safe for patients. Today almost all MR is performed in a nonquantitative manner, only comparing neighboring tissue in the search for pathology. It is possible to quantify MR-signals and relate them to their physical entities, but time consuming and complicated calibration procedures have prevented this being used in a practical manner for clinical routines. The aim of this work is to develop and improve quantification methods in MRspectroscopy (MRS) and MR-imaging (MRI). The techniques are intended to be applied to diffuse diseases, where conventional imaging methods are unable to perform accurate staging or to reveal metabolic changes associated with disease development.Methods: Proton (1H) MRS was used to characterize the white matter in the brain of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Phosphorus (31P) MRS was used to evaluate the energy metabolism in patients with diffuse liver disease. A new quantitative MRI (qMRI) method was invented for accurate, rapid and simultaneous quantification of B1, T1, T2, and proton density. A method for automatic assessment of visceral adipose tissue volume based on an in- and out-ofphase imaging protocol was developed. Finally, a method for quantification of the hepatobiliary uptake of liver specific T1 enhancing contrast agents was demonstrated on healthy subjects.Results: The 1H MRS investigations of white matter in MS-patients revealed a significant correlation between tissue concentrations of Glutamate and Creatine on the one hand and the disease progression rate on the other, as measured using the MSSS. High accuracy, both in vitro and in vivo, of the measured MR-parameters from the qMRI method was observed. 31P MRS showed lower concentrations of phosphodiesters, and a higher metabolic charge in patients with cirrhosis, compared to patients with mild fibrosis and to controls. The adipose tissue quantification method agreed with estimates obtained using manual segmentation, and enabled measurements which were insensitive to partial volume effects. The hepatobiliary uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA was significantly correlated in healthy subjects.Conclusion: In this work, new methods for accurate quantification of MR parameters in diffuse diseases in the liver and the brain were demonstrated. Several applications were shown where quantitative MR improves the interpretation of observed signal changes in MRI and MRS in relation to underlying differences in physiology and pathophysiology.
7.
8.
Forsgren, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
Comparing 2D and 3D Magnetic Resonance Elastography Techniques in a Clinical Setting: Initial Experiences
2014
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Purpose: It has been shown that liver fibrosis, and even cirrhosis, may be reversible in humans. For this reason there is a great need for the imminent introduction of non-invasive and clinically useful methods in order to monitor fibrosis in patients [1, 2]. A body of evidence points to the fact that MRE is a highly useful candidate towards this end [3]. However, before using such techniques more widely, it is important to verify that comparable physical measures are provided by alternative and clinically relevant MRE approaches. The aim of this pilot study was to compare 2D and 3D MRE, also known as MR Rheology, using a commercially available 2D system, with an acoustic transducer, and 3D MRE research system, with an electromagnetic transducer, with respect to liver stiffness and elasticity in patients with diffuse or suspected diffuse liver disease. Materials and Methods: Seven patients, referred to our hospital for evaluation of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels but without signs of cirrhosis on physical examination, were recruited from a previous study [4], and examined in the course of one day. Fibrosis staging from prior biopsy were gained from [4], see Table 1. The 3D MRE method included an active electromagnetic transducer generating waves at 56 Hz, and a 1.5 T Philips Achieva MR-scanner, with a phased array body coil (Sense TorsoXL, all 16 coil elements), GRE sequence parameters include; FOV = 320x256 mm2, matrix = 80x38, slice thickness = 4 mm, # slices = 9, FA = 15°, TR = 112 ms, TE = 9.21 ms, SENSE = 2. The 2D MRE method included a passive acoustic transducer generating waves at 60 Hz, and a 1.5 T GE 450W MR-scanner, with a phased array body coil (HD8 Torso, all 8 coil elements), GRE sequence parameters include; FOV = 440x440 mm2, matrix = 256x64, slice thickness = 10 mm, # slices = 4, FA = 30°, TR = 50 ms, TE = 21.7 ms, ASSET = 2. The transducers were on both systems placed on the anterior chest wall to the right of xiphoid process (patient in a supine position), the time between each MRE acquisition was dependent on how long it took to transfer the patient between the two MR systems in the hospital (<10 min) A region of interest (ROI) was placed in an appropriate single 10 mm slice acquired using the GE MR-scanner. A corresponding ROI for the Philips system, covering the same anatomical region, was placed over three slices (4 mm thickness each). This yielded a total cranio-caudal coverage of the ROIs equal to 10 mm (on the GE data) and 12 mm (on the Philips data). The mean and standard deviations of the stiffness (GE), elasticity (Philips) and Gabs,Elastic (Philips) were calculated. Gabs,Elastic is the absolute value of the shear modulus, which in principle is equivalent to the viscoelastic property, shear stiffness. In the 3D method the shear waves were obtained by applying the curl operator and using the Voigt rheological model to obtain shear elasticity maps [5, 6]. In the 2D method the GE system provided the stiffness maps. Statistics was performed using Mathematica 9. ROI drawing and quantification of the data from the GE system was performed using Sectra PACS IDS7, and ROI drawing and quantification of the data from the Philips system was performed using a custom software package implemented in ROOT, generously provided by R. Sinkus (Kings College, London, UK). Results: The measured values are presented in Table 1. Both elasticity and Gabs,Elastic correlates well with the stiffness measurement carried out in the GE system (Fig. 1), as was shown by the elasticity and stiffness correlation R2 = 0.96 (P < 0.001) slope = 1.08 (P < 0.001), intercept = 0.61 kPa (P = 0.08), Gabs,Elastic and stiffness correlation R2 = 0.96 (P < 0.001), slope = 0.95 (P< 0.001) intercept = 0.28 kPa (P = 0.43)
9.
10.
