| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Palsdottir, Vilborg, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal essential fatty acid deficiency in mice results in long-term gender-specific effects on body weight and glucose metabolism
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Molecular Medicine Reports. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2997 .- 1791-3004. ; 4:4, s. 731-737
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Essential fatty acids are important for normal growth and development in early life. However, the long-term effects of prenatal essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) on the adult metabolism remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an EFAD diet given to mice during late gestation on body weight and body composition, and metabolism in the adult offspring. Pregnant dams were given an EFAD or a control diet during the last 10 days of gestation. After delivery, all mice were fed normal chow and the body weight of the offspring was measured weekly. Furthermore, food intake, energy expenditure and intraperitoneal glucose tolera-nce were analysed in the adult offspring in addition to body composition (analysed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), plasma levels of leptin, triglycerides and cholesterol. The body weight was lower in the EFAD offspring as compared to the controls during the first 4 weeks of age, and remained lower in the females throughout the study. Lean body mass and plasma leptin levels were also lower in the female EFAD offspring as compared to the controls. Male EFAD offspring were found to have higher fasting glucose and insulin levels as well as higher insulin levels during the glucose tolerance test compared to the controls. However, no differences were found in blood lipids, food intake or energy expenditure between EFAD and control mice of either gender. These results demonstrate that an EFAD diet given during the last 10 days of gestation results in long-term gender-specific effects on body weight and insulin sensitivity in the adult offspring.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Hedell, Ronny, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Surveillance of animal diseases through implementation of a Bayesian spatio-temporal model: A simulation example with neurological syndromes in horses and West Nile Virus
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5877. ; 162, s. 95-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A potentially sensitive way to detect disease outbreaks is syndromic surveillance, i.e. monitoring the number of syndromes reported in the population of interest, comparing it to the baseline rate, and drawing conclusions about outbreaks using statistical methods. A decision maker may use the results to take disease control actions or to initiate enhanced epidemiological investigations. In addition to the total count of syndromes there are often additional pieces of information to consider when assessing the probability of an outbreak. This includes clustering of syndromes in space and time as well as historical data on the occurrence of syndromes, seasonality of the disease, etc. In this paper, we show how Bayesian theory for syndromic surveillance applies to the occurrence of neurological syndromes in horses in France. Neurological syndromes in horses may be connected e.g. to West Nile Virus (WNV), a zoonotic disease of growing concern for public health in Europe. A Bayesian method for spatio-temporal cluster detection of syndromes and for determining the probability of an outbreak is presented. It is shown how surveillance can be performed simultaneously for a specific class of diseases (WNV or diseases similar to WNV in terms of the information available to the system) and a non-specific class of diseases (not similar to WNV in terms of the information available to the system). We also discuss some new extensions to the spatio-temporal models and the computational algorithms involved. It is shown step-by-step how data from historical WNV outbreaks and surveillance data for neurological syndromes can be used for model construction. The model is implemented using a Gibbs sampling procedure, and its sensitivity and specificity is evaluated. Finally, it is illustrated how predictive modelling of syndromes can be useful for decision making in animal health surveillance. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 5. |
- Brunner, Florentine, 1991, et al.
(författare)
-
Carbon Label at a University Restaurant – Label Implementation and Evaluation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009. ; 146, s. 658-667
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in human diets hold significant greenhouse gas emissions mitigation potential. In this paper, we use a field experiment to analyze the effects of implementing a label with greenhouse gas emission information for each dish at a restaurant. The traffic-light colored label was implemented in a student catering facility with 300–600 servings every day, and covered all seven dishes on offer. Individual level sales data including an anonymous identification number, gender, and age was collected both during the label phase and during a five-week control phase prior to the introduction of the label. We found that sales of green labeled (low emission) meat dishes increased by 11.5% compared to the control phase, whereas sales of red labeled meat dishes were reduced by 4.8%. Although the label had an effect on consumer behavior, emissions decreased modestly by 3.6%. We did not find evidence for different reactions to the label based on gender or age. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 6. |
- Landström, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Competitive protein adsorption between ß-casein and ß-lactoglobulin during spray-drying: effect of calcium induced association
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - : Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. - 0268-005X .- 1873-7137. ; 17, s. 103-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Competitive adsorption between ß-casein and ß-lactoglobulin (ß-Lg) during spray-drying was studied by the new surface sensitive technique using fluorescence quenching of pyrene labelled protein at the powder surface. The difference in competitiveness of -casein when present as monomers and as associated into micellar like structures were studied. Results were compared with the adsorption of single proteins at the powder surface. The adsorption of monomeric ß-casein alone gave an apparent surface load of ≈1 mg/m2 at a protein concentration of 0.3% dry weight and then remained constant with an increasing protein concentration. In the presence of Ca2+, associated ß-casein gave a lower affinity adsorption than monomeric ß-casein and did not reach a plateau value, instead it continued to increase with an increasing protein concentration. ß-Lg showed a low-affinity adsorption during spray-drying compared to monomeric ß-casein, although not as low as associated ß-casein. Competitive adsorption between monomeric ß-casein and ß-Lg resulted in a higher apparent surface load of ß-casein than ß-Lg at both protein concentrations studied (total 0.3 and 3.3% dry weight). However, in an associated form ß-casein was less competitive than ß-Lg. At a low bulk protein concentration (0.3% dry weight) ß-Lg dominated the powder surface, whereas at a higher concentration (3.3% dry weight) there was little difference between the proteins. The results indicate that the competitiveness of a protein during spray-drying is highly influenced by the ability of the protein to attach and rearrange at the droplet's air–water interface during the spray-drying process
|
|
| 7. |
- Palsdottir, Vilborg, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Postnatal deficiency of essential fatty acids in mice results in resistance to diet-induced obesity and low plasma insulin during adulthood
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2823 .- 0952-3278. ; 84:3-4, s. 85-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to investigate the long-term metabolic effects of postnatal essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). Mouse dams were fed an EFAD diet or an isoenergetic control diet 4 days before delivery and throughout lactation. The pups were weaned to standard diet (STD) and were later subdivided into two groups: receiving high fat diet (HFD) or STD. Body composition, energy expenditure, food intake and leptin levels were analyzed in adult offspring. Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured before and during a glucose tolerance test. EFAD offspring fed STD were leaner with lower plasma leptin and insulin concentrations compared to controls. EFAD offspring fed HFD were resistant to diet-induced obesity, had higher energy expenditure and lower levels of plasma leptin and insulin compared to controls. These results indicate that the fatty acid composition during lactation is important for body composition and glucose tolerance in the adult offspring.
|
|
| 8. |
- Schnitzer, Barbara Maria, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
The synergy of damage repair and retention promotes rejuvenation and prolongs healthy lifespans in cell lineages
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PLoS Computational Biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-734X .- 1553-7358. ; 16:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Damaged proteins are inherited asymmetrically during cell division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such that most damage is retained within the mother cell. The consequence is an ageing mother and a rejuvenated daughter cell with full replicative potential. Daughters of old and damaged mothers are however born with increasing levels of damage resulting in lowered replicative lifespans. Remarkably, these prematurely old daughters can give rise to rejuvenated cells with low damage levels and recovered lifespans, called second-degree rejuvenation. We aimed to investigate how damage repair and retention together can promote rejuvenation and at the same time ensure low damage levels in mother cells, reflected in longer health spans. We developed a dynamic model for damage accumulation over successive divisions in individual cells as part of a dynamically growing cell lineage. With detailed knowledge about single-cell dynamics and relationships between all cells in the lineage, we can infer how individual damage repair and retention strategies affect the propagation of damage in the population. We show that damage retention lowers damage levels in the population by reducing the variability across the lineage, and results in larger population sizes. Repairing damage efficiently in early life, as opposed to investing in repair when damage has already accumulated, counteracts accelerated ageing caused by damage retention. It prolongs the health span of individual cells which are moreover less prone to stress. In combination, damage retention and early investment in repair are beneficial for healthy ageing in yeast cell populations.
|
|
