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- Kortenkamp, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Removing Critical Gaps in Chemical Test Methods by Developing New Assays for the Identification of Thyroid Hormone System-Disrupting Chemicals-The ATHENA Project
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 21:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The test methods that currently exist for the identification of thyroid hormone system-disrupting chemicals are woefully inadequate. There are currently no internationally validated in vitro assays, and test methods that can capture the consequences of diminished or enhanced thyroid hormone action on the developing brain are missing entirely. These gaps put the public at risk and risk assessors in a difficult position. Decisions about the status of chemicals as thyroid hormone system disruptors currently are based on inadequate toxicity data. The ATHENA project (Assays for the identification of Thyroid Hormone axis-disrupting chemicals: Elaborating Novel Assessment strategies) has been conceived to address these gaps. The project will develop new test methods for the disruption of thyroid hormone transport across biological barriers such as the blood-brain and blood-placenta barriers. It will also devise methods for the disruption of the downstream effects on the brain. ATHENA will deliver a testing strategy based on those elements of the thyroid hormone system that, when disrupted, could have the greatest impact on diminished or enhanced thyroid hormone action and therefore should be targeted through effective testing. To further enhance the impact of the ATHENA test method developments, the project will develop concepts for better international collaboration and development in the area of thyroid hormone system disruptor identification and regulation.
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| 2. |
- Sjöde, A., et al.
(författare)
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Enzyme-based control of oxalic acid in the pulp and paper industry
- 2008
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Ingår i: Enzyme and microbial technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-0229 .- 1879-0909. ; 43:2, s. 78-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enzymatically catalyzed decomposition of oxalic acid in bleaching filtrates from the pulp and paper industry offers a possibility to enduringly prevent oxalate scaling problems by specific removal of the oxalic acid in the system rather than by attempting to avoid calcium oxalate precipitation by countermeasures aiming at improved solubility. To achieve a broad evaluation of various oxalate-degrading enzymes and to cover conditions encountered in various types of processes, 16 different bleaching filtrates were collected from pulp mills engaged in mechanical pulping of softwood, mechanical pulping of aspen, and kraft pulping of softwood. A novel oxalate-degrading enzyme provided by Novozymes was compared with commercially available oxalate oxidase from barley and oxalate decarboxylase from Aspergillus niger. The activity of the enzymes in the filtrates was investigated using kinetic analysis and multivariate data analysis. Kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation rates were governed more by inhibitors in the filtrates than by the concentration of oxalic acid. Multivariate data analysis suggested links between high concentrations of certain compounds in the filtrates and high or low enzyme activity, as exemplified by the link between high concentrations of chelators in filtrates from mechanical pulping and low activity of oxalate oxidase from barley. All three enzymes could degrade oxalic acid in all filtrates, despite the fact that very high concentrations of residual hydrogen peroxide were found in several of the filtrates.
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| 4. |
- Aboul-Enein, Mohamed N., et al.
(författare)
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Design and synthesis of novel stiripentol analogues as potential anticonvulsants
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0223-5234 .- 1768-3254. ; 47, s. 360-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of stiripentol (SIP) analogues namely, 2-1(1E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-3-ylidene]-N-(aryl/H)hydrazinecarboxamides 7a-h, (+/-)-(5RS)-N-(aryl/H)-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamides (+/-)-8a-h, and (+/-)-[(5RS)-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl](aryl)methanones (+/-)-13a-f was synthesized by adopting appropriate synthetic routes and was pharmacologically evaluated in the preliminary anticonvulsant screens. The selected bioactive new chemical entities were subjected to ED50 determination and neurotoxicity evaluation. The most active congeners are 7h in MES screen and (+/-)-13b in scPTZ screen which displayed ED50 values of 87 and 110 mg/kg, respectively, as compared to that of STP (ED50 = 277.7 and 115 mg/kg in MES and scPTZ, respectively). (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Delbro, Dick
(författare)
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Do neuro-humoral signaling molecules participate in colorectal carcinogenesis/cancer progression?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 24:2, s. 96-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Signaling molecules in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, as released from intrinsic, or extrinsic neurons, or from local endocrine cells may serve as positive or negative growth factors, and it has been suggested that such could participate also in colorectal carcinogenesis/cancer progression. Sporadic colorectal cancer arises from an initially benign adenoma, which, in turn, develops from the stem cell compartment, located in the bottom of the crypts of the colorectal mucosa. It was recently demonstrated in rat that intrinsic denervation of the colon appeared to be protective against chemically induced carcinogenesis. Of the various GI signaling molecules, noradrenaline (NA) and substance P (SP) may be of particular importance as growth factors involved in colorectal cancer. In the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Graf et al. demonstrate that in benign, human colon polyps, there was a loss of innervation compared with adjacent mucosa, affecting efferent, noradrenergic, as well as sensory, SP-ergic fibers, while there was an increase in SP-immunoreactive non-neuronal cells in the polyps. The results obtained could suggest that loss of mucosal innervation, due to e.g. luminal, pro-inflammatory stimuli, could result in unbalanced pro-tumorigenic stimulation of the stem cell region by non-neuronal SP. The current findings may be important for the further understanding of the development of sporadic colorectal cancer.
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| 6. |
- Delbro, Dick S.
(författare)
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Expression of the non-neuronal cholinergic system in rat beta-cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autonomic Neuroscience. - : Elsevier. - 1566-0702 .- 1872-7484. ; 167:1-2, s. 75-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various markers of the cholinergic system (like e.g. choline acetyltransferase) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in, seemingly, beta-cells of rat pancreas. The findings may suggest an autocrine role of acetylcholine for the beta-cells. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Engström, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Conditioned media from M1 but not M2 macrophage phenotype inhibits proliferation of thr colon cancer cell lines HT29 and CACO-2
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are often present at a high level in colorectal cancer (CRC) but whether the presence of TAMs in CRC is good or bad is unclear. Macrophages can be categorized into two main subgroups, M1 or M2, that display pro – and anti-inflammatory properties respectively. An improved knowledge of the different macrophage phenotypes will broaden the understanding of their involvement in CRC. We have used an in vitro model to study the effects of human M1 and M2 macrophages on the growth and cell cycle of colon cancer cell lines. MethodHuman monocytes were differentiated into M1 or M2 macrophages and conditioned media was collected. Effects of the conditioned media were measured on the colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and CACO-2 in regards to proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. A protein array was used to analyze the released amount of 42 different cytokines from M1 and M2 macrophages into the collected conditioned media. ResultsGrowth arrest was induced in HT-29 and CACO-2 by M1 conditioned media, while M2 conditioned media had no major effect. Analysis of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in HT-29 cells revealed that treatment with M1 conditioned media on these cells increased apoptosis and caused a disturbed cell cycle with accumulation in G0/G1 and G2/M and a corresponding reduction in S-phase. The protein array revealed several cytokines expressed in M1 with potential inhibitory growth effects. We treated HT-29 cells with two of the candidates, TNF-a and CXCL9, but neither induced growth arrest. ConclusionM1 – but not M2-macrophages had a major inhibitory effect on the growth of the colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and CACO-2 and suggest a role for M1 macrophages in anti-tumor activity and possible favorable outcome for CRC patients.
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