| 1. |
- Sukhovey, Yurij G., et al.
(författare)
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Difference between the biologic and chronologic age as an individualized indicator for the skin care intensity selection : skin topography and immune system state studies, parameter correlations with age difference
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomedical Dermatology. - : Springer Nature. - 2398-8460. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Present research addresses the issue of skin aging and corresponding skin treatment individualization. Particular research question was on the developing of simplified criterion supporting patient-specific decision on the necessity and intensity of skin treatment. Basing on the published results and a wide pool of experimental data, we have formulated a hypothesis that a difference between biologic and chronologic age can be used as an express criterion of skin aging.Methods: In present paper, we report the results of studies with 80 volunteers between 15 and 65 years of age, linking parameters reflecting immune state, skin state, and topography to the difference between biologic and chronologic age. Facial skin topography, skin moisture, sebum level, and skin elasticity were studied using commercial devices. Blood immunology studies were performed using venous blood samples. Correlations between all measured parameters and age difference were calculated. Also, cross correlations between skin cell profile and blood immune profile parameters, and skin roughness parameters were calculated.Results: Age dependencies of the blood immunological parameters on the biologic and chronologic age difference are less pronounced as compared to the changes in skin cell profile parameters. However, the changes in the tendencies when biologic age becomes equal to chronologic one are visible for all studied parameters.All measured skin roughness parameters show correlations with age difference, but average skin roughness and depth of the deepest profile valley have the largest correlation coefficient values. Many of the measured skin cell profile and blood immunology parameters show strong correlations with average skin roughness and deepest profile valley, with some of the coefficients exceeding 0.5–0.6.Conclusions: Basing on own experiments and published research results, it is possible to suggest using the difference between calculated biologic age and chronologic age as an individualized criterion supporting decisions on skin treatment strategy. Further research involving larger numbers of participants and aiming on optimizing the expressions for calculating biologic age could lead to reliable and easily available express criterion supporting the decision making for an individualized skin treatment.
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| 2. |
- Cronskär, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of digital design and solid free-form fabrication for customization of implants in trauma orthopaedics
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of medical and biological engineering. - : Taiwanese Society of Biomedical Engineering. - 1609-0985. ; 32:2, s. 91-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone plates for the fixation of complex fractures in proximity to joints often have to be reshaped to follow the bone contour. Good adhesion of the screws in areas where the bone is osteoporotic is also a challenge. One possible solution to these issues is to tailor-make plates by creating a digital three-dimensional model of the fracture from a computed tomography (CT) scan, digitally reducing the fracture, designing a plate, and finally manufacturing it directly from the digital model with solid free-form fabrication (SFF) technology. This study designs a custom plate for a distal tibia fracture, and investigates and refines the procedure from the CT scan to the final implant, with the aim of making it usable in trauma orthopaedics. The bone plate is manufactured using electron beam melting (EBM) technology. The challenges of bone plate design using digitalization and SFF are discussed. The virtual models created by the engineer while digitally reducing the fracture and modeling the plate are valuable for the physician while planning the surgery. A combination of surgery planning and digital plate design improves the surgeon's preparations and ensures correspondence between the plan and the designed implant. The proposed procedure, with the approximate required time in brackets, includes the separation of bone in the DICOM file (60 min), the reduction of fracture (5-30 min), revision (30 min), modelling of the plate (30-120 min), confirmation (30 min), manufacturing with SFF (10 h), post-processing (60 min), and finally cleaning and sterilization (90 min). The whole procedure requires about three working days.
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| 3. |
- Cronskär, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of fractured clavicles and reconstruction plates using CAD, finite element analysis and real musculoskeletal forces input
- 2013
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Ingår i: WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health. - : WIT Press. - 9781845647063 ; , s. 235-243
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on the treatment options for clavicle fractures, more specifically the cases with a need for internal fixation: non-unions and some complex fractures. Enhancing the understanding of the loading of the bone and fixation device enables treatment options to be improved. The aim of the study was to develop a method for the realistic simulation of stresses and displacements in the bone and fixation device and to use this method to make comparisons between a conventional reconstruction plate and a customized plate, designed from patient-specific computed tomography (CT) data. In an earlier study, a finite element (FE) mesh of the clavicle geometry was created from CT data, subjected to muscle forces and other boundary conditions from a multibody musculoskeletal model and imported into the FE solver. In this study, a solid 3D model of the same clavicle geometry was created and the mesh was replaced by the solid model to make the FE-model more suitable for the comparison of different plates. An LCP Reco-Plate 3.5 straight, 6 holes (by Synthes) was compared with a customized plate which was designed to follow the anatomy of the bone. The LCP-Reco plate has tapered reconstruction segments throughout the plate to allow for the plate reshaping during surgery. The customized plate was designed without such segments and with a lower width than the LCP plate. The two different plates showed stresses and displacements of similar magnitudes. The customized plate had a more even stress distribution while the LCP plate had higher stress concentrations in the middle of the plate and on the edges of the tapered reconstruction segments. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first FE model of a clavicle bone with plate and it may, upon further development, serve as a useful instrument for improved clavicle fixation.
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| 4. |
- Etehad Tavakol, Mahnaz, et al.
(författare)
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Nailfold Capillaroscopy in Rheumatic Diseases : Which Parameters Should Be Evaluated?
- 2015
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Ingår i: BioMed Research International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141. ; 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Video nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC), considered as an extension of the widefield technique, allows a more accurate measuring andstoring of capillary data and a better defining, analyzing, and quantifying of capillary abnormalities. Capillaroscopic study is oftenperformed on the patients suspected of having microcirculation problems such as Raynaud’s phenomenon as the main indicationfor nailfold capillaroscopy. Capillaroscopic findings based on microcirculation studies can provide useful information in the fieldsof pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and monitoring therapy. Nailfold capillaroscopy provides a vital assessment in clinicalpractices and research; for example, its reputation in the early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis is well established and it is also usedas a classification criterion in this regard. This review focuses on the manner of performing video nailfold capillaroscopy and on acommon approach for measuring capillary dimensions in fingers and toes.
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| 5. |
- Högberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Immunochemical faecal occult blood tests in primary care and the risk of delay in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 31:4, s. 209-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To evaluate the value, risks, and shortcomings of immunochemical faecal occult blood tests (iFOBTs) in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in patients initially presenting to primary care. Design. A retrospective population-based study. Setting and subjects. All 495 cases of CRC and adenomas with HGD diagnosed in the county of Jamtland, Sweden from 2005 to 2009. Results. Of 495 patients 323 (65%) initially presented to primary care. IFOBTs were performed in 215 of 323 (67%) patients. The sensitivity of iFOBT for CRC and adenomas with HGD was 88% (83% when patients with a history of rectal bleeding were excluded). Of 34 patients with anaemia found en passant, 10 had negative iFOBTs. Time to diagnosis was longer for patients with negative iFOBTs (p < 0.0005). Conclusion. IFOBT might be helpful in selecting which patients to refer for colonoscopy. However, iFOBT has a limited sensitivity as a diagnostic test for CRC and adenomas with HGD. Relying only on iFOBT for colonoscopy referral could delay diagnosis, especially for patients with anaemia found en passant.
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| 6. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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The minimal, phase-transition model for the cell-number maintenance by the hyperplasia-extended homeorhesis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Biotheoretica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-5342 .- 1572-8358. ; 54:2, s. 61-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oncogenic hyperplasia is the first and inevitable stage of formation of a (solid) tumor. This stage is also the core of many other proliferative diseases. The present work proposes the first minimal model that combines homeorhesis with oncogenic hyperplasia where the latter is regarded as a genotoxically activated homeorhetic dysfunction. This dysfunction is specified as the transitions of the fluid of cells from a fluid, homeorhetic state to a solid, hyperplastic-tumor state, and back. The key part of the model is a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation (RDE) where the biochemical-reaction rate is generalized to the one in the well-known Schlögl physical theory of the non-equilibrium phase transitions. A rigorous analysis of the stability and qualitative aspects of the model, where possible, are presented in detail. This is related to the spatially homogeneous case, i.e. when the above RDE is reduced to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The mentioned genotoxic activation is treated as a prevention of the quiescent G0-stage of the cell cycle implemented with the threshold mechanism that employs the critical concentration of the cellular fluid and the nonquiescent-cell-duplication time. The continuous tumor morphogeny is described by a time-space-dependent cellular-fluid concentration. There are no sharp boundaries (i.e. no concentration jumps exist) between the domains of the homeorhesis- and tumor-cell populations. No presumption on the shape of a tumor is used. To estimate a tumor in specific quantities, the model provides the time-dependent tumor locus, volume, and boundary that also points out the tumor shape and size. The above features are indispensable in the quantitative development of antiproliferative drugs or therapies and strategies to prevent oncogenic hyperplasia in cancer and other proliferative diseases. The work proposes an analytical-numerical method for solving the aforementioned RDE. A few topics for future research are suggested.
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| 7. |
- Mäki, Netta, et al.
(författare)
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Educational differences in disability-free life expectancy: a comparative study of long-standing activity limitation in eight European countries
- 2013
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 94, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy life expectancy is a composite measure of length and quality of life and an important indicator of health in aging populations. There are few cross-country comparisons of socioeconomic differences in healthy life expectancy. Most of the existing comparisons focus on Western Europe and the United States, often relying on older data. To address these deficiencies, we estimated educational differences in disability-free life expectancy for eight countries from all parts of Europe in the early 2000s. Long-standing severe disability was measured as a Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) derived from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey. Census-linked mortality data were collected by a recent project comparing health inequalities between European countries (the EURO-GBD-SE project). We calculated sex-specific educational differences in disability-free life expectancy between the ages of 30 and 79 years using the Sullivan method. The lowest disability-free life expectancy was found among Lithuanian men and women (33.1 and 39.1 years, respectively) and the highest among Italian men and women (42.8 and 44.4 years, respectively). Life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy were directly related to the level of education, but the educational differences were much greater in the latter in all countries. The difference in the disability-free life expectancy between those with a primary or lower secondary education and those with a tertiary education was over 10 years for males in Lithuania and approximately 7 years for males in Austria, Finland and France, as well as for females in Lithuania. The difference was smallest in Italy (4 and 2 years among men and women, respectively). Highly educated Europeans can expect to live longer and spend more years in better health than those with lower education. The size of the educational difference in disability-free life expectancy varies significantly between countries. The smallest and largest differences appear to be in Southern Europe and in Eastern and Northern Europe, respectively.
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| 8. |
- Popov, Vladimir V., Jr., et al.
(författare)
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Additive manufacturing to veterinary practice : recovery of bony defects after the osteosarcoma resection in canines
- 2019
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Ingår i: BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LETTERS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2093-9868 .- 2093-985X. ; 9:1, s. 97-108
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper outlines the achievements and challenges in the additive manufacturing (AM) application to veterinary practice. The state-of-the-art in AM application to the veterinary surgery is presented, with the focus of AM for patient-specific implants manufacturing. It also provides critical discussion on some of the potential issues design and technology should overcome for wider and more effective implementation of additively manufactured parts in veterinary practices. Most of the discussions in present paper are related to the metallic implants, manufactured in this case using so-called powder bed additive manufacturing (PB-AM) in titanium alloy Ti-6AL-4V, and to the corresponding process of their design, manufacturing and implementation in veterinary surgery. Procedures of the implant design and individualization for veterinary surgery are illustrated basing on the four performed surgery cases with dog patients. Results of the replacement surgery in dogs indicate that individualized additively manufactured metallic implants significantly increase chances for successful recovery process, and AM techniques present a viable alternative to amputation in a large number of veterinary cases. The same time overcoming challenges of implant individualization in veterinary practice significantly contributes to the knowledge directly relevant to the modern medical practice. An experience from veterinary cases where organ-preserving surgery with 3D-printed patient-specific implants is performed provides a unique opportunity for future development of better human implants.
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