| 1. |
- Wiesinger, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Jaw-opening accuracy is not affected by masseter muscle vibration in healthy men
- 2014
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 232:11, s. 3501-3508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a functional integration between the jaw and neck regions with head extension–flexion movements during jaw-opening/closing tasks. We recently reported that trigeminal nociceptive input by injection of hypertonic saline into the masseter muscle altered this integrated jaw–neck function during jaw-opening/closing tasks. Thus, in jaw-opening to a predefined position, the head–neck component increased during pain. Previous studies have indicated that muscle spindle stimulation by vibration of the masseter muscle may influence jaw movement amplitudes, but the possible effect on the integrated jaw–neck function is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of masseter muscle vibration on jaw–head movements during a continuous jaw-opening/closing task to a target position. Sixteen healthy men performed two trials without vibration (Control) and two trials with bilateral masseter muscle vibration (Vibration). Movements of the mandible and the head were registered with a wireless three-dimensional optoelectronic recording system. Differences in jaw-opening and head movement amplitudes between Control and Vibration, as well as achievement of the predefined jaw-opening target position, were analysed with Wilcoxon’s matched pairs test. No significant group effects from vibration were found for jaw or head movement amplitudes, or in the achievement of the target jaw-opening position. A covariation between the jaw and head movement amplitudes was observed. The results imply a high stability for the jaw motor system in a target jaw-opening task and that this task was achieved with the head–neck and jaw working as an integrated system.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Atrioventricular plane displacement is the major contributor to left ventricular pumping in healthy adults, athletes, and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1539 .- 0363-6135. ; 292:3, s. 1452-1459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies using echocardiography in healthy subjects have reported conflicting data regarding the percentage of the stroke volume ( SV) of the left ventricle ( LV) resulting from longitudinal and radial function, respectively. Therefore, the aim was to quantify the percentage of SV explained by longitudinal atrioventricular plane displacement ( AVPD) in controls, athletes, and patients with decreased LV function due to dilated cardiomyopathy ( DCM). Twelve healthy subjects, 12 elite triathletes, and 12 patients with DCM and ejection fraction below 30% were examined by cine magnetic resonance imaging. AVPD and SV were measured in long- and short- axis images, respectively. The percentage of the SV explained by longitudinal function ( SVAVPD%) was calculated as the mean epicardial area of the largest short- axis slices in end diastole multiplied by the AVPD and divided by the SV. SV was higher in athletes [ 140 +/- 4 ml ( mean +/- SE), P = 0.009] and lower in patients ( 72 +/- 7 ml, P < 0.001) when compared with controls ( 116 +/- 6 ml). AVPD was similar in athletes ( 17 +/- 1 mm, P = 0.45) and lower in patients ( 7 +/- 1 mm, P = 0.001) when compared with controls ( 16 +/- 0 mm). SVAVPD% was similar both in athletes ( 57 +/- 2%, P = 0.51) and in patients ( 67 +/- 4%, P = 0.24) when compared with controls ( 60 +/- 2%). In conclusion, longitudinal AVPD is the primary contributor to LV pumping and accounts for similar to 60% of the SV. Although AVPD is less than half in patients with DCM when compared with controls and athletes, the contribution of AVPD to LV function is maintained, which can be explained by the larger short- axis area in DCM.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Götrick, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of amphetamine on salivary secretion
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley InterScience. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 117:3, s. 218-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amphetamine induces xerogenic effects, but its mechanism of action and xerogenic potency are unknown. In the current in vivo study on the rat parotid gland, the effects of amphetamine on reflex-evoked and acetylcholine-evoked salivation were examined in the absence and presence of adrenergic and dopaminergic antagonists. Under anaesthesia, amphetamine increased the secretion of salivary fluid and the amount of protein therein in response to acetylcholine. Phentolamine abolished the increase in salivary flow and had no effect on the salivary protein concentration, whereas propranolol only reduced the salivary protein concentration. Reflex activation of the secretion evoked a well-maintained level of secretion that was reduced by amphetamine [50% inhibitory dose (ID50) 1.9 ± 0.1 mg kg−1 intravenously); the salivary protein concentration was increased in the presence of amphetamine. Phentolamine and haloperidol reduced the amphetamine-inhibitory effect on the reflex-evoked fluid response, whereas propranolol had no effect on the fluid response. The xerogenic effect of amphetamine is mainly exerted by central mechanisms involving α-adrenoceptors, while, indirectly, amphetamine causes secretion of protein by inducing the release of noradrenaline from glandular nerve terminals.
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| 5. |
- Götrick, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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The xerogenic potency and mechanism of action of tramadol inhibition of salivary secretion in rats.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Archives of oral biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9969 .- 1879-1506. ; 49:12, s. 969-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with weak opioid agonist properties, which also has monoaminergic activity, exerted via inhibition of neuronal uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Tramadol is generally well tolerated and the most common adverse events are nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sweating, vomiting and dry mouth. Currently it was examined by which principal mechanism tramadol induces oral dryness. The effects of intravenous administration (+/-)-tramadol were studied in rats on the flow of saliva in response to a peripheral cholinergic stimulus or to reflex activation involving the relay of impulses in the central nervous system. In pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats, the salivary secretion to acetylcholine (0.1-10 micromol/kg IV) was increased by up to 110% by tramadol (1-5 mg/kg IV) and the protein concentration therein by up to 400%. The administration alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists resulted in almost identical acetylcholine-evoked responses as in the absence of tramadol. The secretory response to the application of citric acid on the tongue of the rat was reduced by 38% and by 64%, respectively, at 5 and 10 mg/kg IV of tramadol (p < 0.05-0.01). Thus, tramadol exerts its principal xerogenic effect by activating inhibitory pathways in the central nervous system and has no anticholinergic effect on the salivary glands at dosages that may be clinically relevant. Furthermore, the tramadol-induced increase of the acetylcholine-evoked secretion occurred at a glandular level and depended most likely on a release of noradrenaline from glandular nerve terminals.
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| 6. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Immunocytochemical demonstration of estrogen receptor beta in human periodontal ligament cells.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - 1879-1506 .- 0003-9969. ; 49:1, s. 85-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two transcription associated estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes have been identified and named ERα and ERβ. In the present study we investigate the expression of these ER subtypes in cultured human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells by immunocytochemistry. ERβ immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of about 40% of the PDL cells, while no ERα immunoreactivity was detected. In human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, serving as positive controls, both ERα and ERβ immunoreactivities were demonstrated. No immunoreactivity was observed after omission of the primary antibodies. This study suggests that estrogen acts on gene transcription preferentially via ERβ in human PDL cells.
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| 7. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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LPS-induced MCP-1 and IL-6 production is not reversed by oestrogen in human periodontal ligament cells.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1506 .- 0003-9969. ; Jun 11, s. 896-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells express oestrogen receptors but the functional importance of oestrogen in PDL cells exposed to bacterial endotoxins is not known. Here we investigate if the inflammation promoter lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects PDL cell production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or normal functional PDL cell characteristics such as collagen synthesis and cell proliferation and if oestrogen modulates the effects of LPS. METHODS: PDL cells were obtained from periodontal ligament of premolars. PDL cells were treated with Escherichia coli LPS in the absence or presence of oestrogen (17beta-oestradiol, E(2)). Cellular concentration of IL-6, MCP-1 and CRP was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Collagen synthesis was determined by l-[(3)H]proline incorporation. Cell proliferation was assessed by DNA synthesis measurement using [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. RESULTS: Stimulation with LPS (500ng/ml to 10mug/ml) increased IL-6 production in a concentration-dependent manner. Lower concentration (100ng/ml) of LPS had no effect. LPS-induced stimulation of IL-6 was not reversed by a physiologically high concentration (100nM) of E(2). LPS increased also MCP-1 production which was unaffected by E(2). Treatment with E(2) alone had no effect on either IL-6 or MCP-1. Stimulation with LPS had no effect on CRP. LPS did not affect collagen synthesis and cell proliferation, reflecting normal physiological properties of PDL cells. CONCLUSIONS: LPS stimulates PDL cell IL-6 and MCP-1 production but has no effect on the normal physiological properties of PDL cells. LPS-induced IL-6 and MCP-1 is not reversed by oestrogen suggesting that oestrogen exerts no anti-inflammatory effect via this mechanism.
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| 8. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Pain related temporomandibular disorders in adult Saudi arabians referred for specialized dental treatment
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pain related temporomandibular disorders in adult Saudi arabians reffered for specialized dental treatment..
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine the frequencies of pain-related symptoms of TMD in patients in the age of 20-40 years referred for specialized dental treatments in Makkah, Saudi Arabia by using Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Three hundred and twenty-five consecutive Saudi patients in the age of 20-40 years: 135 males and 190 females were interviewed according to the RDC/TMD history questionnaire. The results revealed that pain related TMD and orofacial pain were found among 58 (18%) patients. All other patients formed the non-pain group (267,82%). In the pain group, there were 79% females compared to 21% males (P<0.01). Both genders in the pain group reported high frequencies of both migraines in the last six months and headache moderately to extremely in the last month showing significant difference in comparison with the non-pain group (P<0.01). Symptoms of TMD were significantly more prevalent in the pain group than in the non-pain group. The most common pain related TMD symptoms were TMJ clicking, TMJ crepitation, TMJ locking, stiff jaw, tinnitus, bruxism and uncomfortable bite. Regarding Graded Chronic Pain severity in the pain group, most patients reported their pain to be grade I and II. Jaw disability checklist according to RDC/TMD showed that four or more disturbed jaw activities were found in 31 patients (53%) while 13 patients (22%) had not affected mandibular functions. In conclusion, the findings of the present study showed high frequencies of pain related TMD in this Saudi arabian patient population.
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| 9. |
- de Boever, Jan A, et al.
(författare)
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Recommendations by the EACD for examination, diagnosis, and management of patients with temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain by the general dental practitioner
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Orofacial Pain. - 1064-6655 .- 1945-3396. ; 22:3, s. 268-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Council fo the European Academy of Craniomandibular Disorders charged the Educational Committee with the task of establishing Guidelines and Recommendations for the examination, diagnosis, and management of patients with temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain by the general dental practitioner. It was not their purpose to present a thorough and critical review of the vast amount of literature avaliable but to summarize the at-present generally accepted clinical approach. These recommendations are based as much as possible on scientific evidence and on sound clinical judgement in cases where only partial evidence or contradictory data were found.
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| 10. |
- Ek, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Relative Age Effect of Sport Academy Adolescents, a Physiological Evaluation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sports. - Basel : MDPI. - 2075-4663. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between birth quarter distribution and physiological characteristics related to athletic skills, in adolescent sport academy students has not been fully investigated. In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 86 boys and 52 girls aged 12-14 years during their first term at a sport academy school. We measured body size, cardiac size, pulmonary function, body composition, lower body power, cardiorespiratory fitness parameters, and running endurance by standard methods and analyzed these estimates in relation to birth quarter by ANOVA. Birth quarter distribution in our cohort was compared with birth quarter distribution in the same ages in the whole of Sweden and analyzed by logistic regression. The academy had an overrepresentation of students born in the first quartile of the year compared to those born in the last quartile (odds ratio 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1-4.7)). When comparing the physiological characteristics between birth quarters, uniformity is prominent since out of 26 performed physiological and anthropometric tests only four showed statistically significant group differences. We thus believe that the selection process to the sport academy favours athletes with higher chronological age, i.e., a so-called relative age effect is present. © 2020 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland).
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