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Sökning: hsv:(NATURVETENSKAP) hsv:(Annan naturvetenskap) > Boonstra Wiebren J.

  • Resultat 1-4 av 4
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1.
  • Björkvik, Emma, 1987- (författare)
  • Stewardship in Swedish Baltic small-scale fisheries : A study on the social-ecological dynamics of local resource use
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sustainability scholars frequently advocate for stewardship as a strategy to foster sustainable development. Stewardship broadly refers to the wise and responsible use of nature, and is considered necessary to ensure the long-term wellbeing of humans and that of life in general. In the academic literature local resource users, like hunters, farmers or fishers, are widely acknowledged to act as stewards of the natural environments their livelihoods depend upon. Research shows that this group of people often are able to use natural resources in a sustainable manner, and that their knowledge of how to do so can improve natural resource management. However, research also emphasizes how different local resource users have different potential to steward natural environments. There is thus a need to better understand what stewardship among local resource users entails more concretely as well as when and how it fosters environmental sustainability. In this thesis, I study stewardship in the case of Swedish Baltic small-scale fisheries. I conceptualize stewardship as an interaction between fishers and the social-ecological context in which they are embedded. This conceptualization implies that stewardship does not exist or emerge from within fishers themselves, but is created, formed and realized through fishing practices. I further define and analyze stewardship using a framework composed of three dimensions: care, agency and knowledge. My findings are contained in four papers. Paper I presents a theoretical model of how local resource users respond to social and ecological change, and shows the model’s empirical relevance. Paper II gives an overview of the diversity and development within present-day Swedish Baltic small-scale fisheries. Paper III investigates the historical development of a Swedish fishery that targets the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Paper IV focuses on fishers’ knowledge and assesses how this knowledge can be applied in fisheries science and management. The papers collectively demonstrate the contextual nature of stewardship and showcase how stewardship varies over time as well as between fishers. The findings illustrate the ambiguous link between stewardship and environmental sustainability, they support the notion that fishers’ knowledge can improve fisheries management, while also suggesting that future research needs to pay more attention to how stewardship is empirically manifested. Overall, the thesis advances the understanding of stewardship by highlighting the social-ecological dynamics of local resource use.
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2.
  • Björkvik, Emma, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish small-scale fisheries in the Baltic Sea : Decline, diversity and development
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Small-Scale Fisheries in Europe. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030373702 - 9783030373719 ; , s. 559-579
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Can Swedish small-scale fisheries escape decline and live up to their attributed potential to make fisheries more sustainable? Here we address this question by highlighting diversity within these fisheries. Through a specific focus on the Baltic Sea, we demonstrate that small-scale fisheries, defined by scale of operation, are neither sustainable nor unsustainable and have different social and ecological impacts. Based on our analysis we discuss general opportunities and challenges for future development of Swedish small-scale fisheries. Opportunities exist in connection to the creation of niche-products and branding fish as a local and/or exclusive commodity, while major challenges are linked to complexity and extensiveness of regulations, lack of recruitment of new fishers, and ecological sustainability of fishing practices. We argue that attention to diversity in Swedish small-scale fisheries has to be the starting point for meeting future challenges and fulfilling their attributed potential as a sustainable primary production sector.
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3.
  • Björkvik, Emma, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Why fishers end up in social-ecological traps : a case study of Swedish eel fisheries in the Baltic Sea
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Ecology & Society. - 1708-3087. ; 25:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Unsustainable fishing can be surprisingly persistent despite devastating social, economic, and ecological consequences. Sustainability science literature suggests that the persistence of unsustainable fisheries can be understood as a social-ecological trap. Few studies have explicitly acknowledged the role of historical legacies for the development of social-ecological traps. Here, we investigate why fishers sometimes end up in social-ecological traps through a reconstruction of the historical interplay between fishers’ motivations, capacities, and opportunities to fish. We focus on the case of a Swedish fishery targeting the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla Anguilla) in the Baltic Sea. We performed the case study using a unique quantitative data set of social and ecological variables that spans over eight decades, in combination with earlier literature and interviews with fishers and fisheries experts. Our analysis reveals that Swedish archipelago fishers are highly dependent on the eel to maintain their fishing livelihood. The dependence on the eel originates from the 1930s, when fishers chose to intensify fishing for this species to ensure future incomes. The dependence persisted over time because of a series of changes, including improved eel fishing technology, heightened competition over catch, reduced opportunities to target other species, implementation of an eel fishing license, and the fishers’ capacity and motivation to deal with dwindling catches. Our study confirms that social-ecological traps are path-dependent processes. In terms of management, this finding means that it becomes progressively more difficult to escape the social-ecological trap with the passage of time. The longer entrapment endures, the more effort it takes and the bigger change it requires to return to a situation where fishers have more options so that unsustainable practices can be avoided. We conclude that fisheries policies need to be based on the premise that unsustainable fishing emerges through multiple rather than single causes.
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4.
  • Haider, L. Jamila, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • The effects of development interventions on coevolved practices in biocultural landscapes
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Baht, a festive porridge prepared for the Persian New Year in the Pamir Mountains is made from a sweet variety of red wheat, Rashtak, which grows only in the high reaches of its most remote valley. The relationship between ecology and culture in landscapes like the Pamirs runs deep, with everyday practices and rituals having co-evolved with the harsh environment over millennia. Such tightly intertwined biocultural landscapes are, however, often among the world’s poorest and thus are particularly subject to external development interventions. This paper investigates the effects of a particular development intervention, the introduction of an improved wheat seed, on everyday traditional practices and the rituals that maintain them. The intervention contributed towards the near extinction of Rashtak, along with many other traditional seed varieties. Using Norgaard’s coevolutionary framework we analyse the changes in relations between ecology and society resulting from diverse community responses to the intervention. We observe that rituals, which emerge from successful everyday practices, can provide a valuable entry point to understanding co-evolutionary processes in biocultural landscapes. Through participatory observation in two villages, specifically around the practices of food preparation, we examine contrasting responses to the introduced seed in the context of larger-scale development in the region. Our findings show how in one village, Rashtak has been lost but the ritual of baht remains, though the daily practices and social-ecological relationships linked to the ritual have been strongly altered. In the other community, the new ‘improved’ seed was only cultivated on small areas of land in a process of trial and error and farmers maintained their traditional varieties alongside the new seed. Thereby, the rituals around baht remain deeply rooted in social-ecological relationships that have been maintained over the years. The paper describes innovative individual responses to development interventions in everyday life in both communities and finds that some can be important sources of resilience. For example, in the community that lost Rashtak, along with many other local seeds, the knowledge around how to cultivate the land is maintained in a ‘harvest dance’ choreographed and taught be a local school teacher. Rituals, as a repository of social memory, can play an important role in development processes whilst maintaining important social-ecological relationships for future resilience. A deeper understanding of coevolutionary processes in a landscape may help develop approaches for identifying and harnessing endogenous responses to local, regional and global change and help empower more appropriate and effective development pathways.
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  • Resultat 1-4 av 4

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