| 1. |
- Srivastava, Vaibhav, et al.
(författare)
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OnPLS integration of transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data shows multi-level oxidative stress responses in the cambium of transgenic hipI- superoxide dismutase Populus plants
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2164. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the regulation of diverse physiological processes in plants, including various biotic and abiotic stress responses. Thus, oxidative stress tolerance mechanisms in plants are complex, and diverse responses at multiple levels need to be characterized in order to understand them. Here we present system responses to oxidative stress in Populus by integrating data from analyses of the cambial region of wild-type controls and plants expressing high-isoelectric-point superoxide dismutase (hipI-SOD) transcripts in antisense orientation showing a higher production of superoxide. The cambium, a thin cell layer, generates cells that differentiate to form either phloem or xylem and is hypothesized to be a major reason for phenotypic perturbations in the transgenic plants. Data from multiple platforms including transcriptomics (microarray analysis), proteomics (UPLC/QTOF-MS), and metabolomics (GC-TOF/MS, UPLC/MS, and UHPLC-LTQ/MS) were integrated using the most recent development of orthogonal projections to latent structures called OnPLS. OnPLS is a symmetrical multi-block method that does not depend on the order of analysis when more than two blocks are analysed. Significantly affected genes, proteins and metabolites were then visualized in painted pathway diagrams.RESULTS: The main categories that appear to be significantly influenced in the transgenic plants were pathways related to redox regulation, carbon metabolism and protein degradation, e.g. the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways (PPP). The results provide system-level information on ROS metabolism and responses to oxidative stress, and indicate that some initial responses to oxidative stress may share common pathways.CONCLUSION: The proposed data evaluation strategy shows an efficient way of compiling complex, multi-platform datasets to obtain significant biological information.
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| 2. |
- Singh, Aprajita, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of dietary supplementation of lignocellulose-derived cello-oligosaccharides on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and intestinal microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the prebiotic potential of cello-oligosaccharides (COS) produced from birch (Betula pendula), an under-utilised lignocellulosic source from the forestry industry, on growth performance, mucosal immunity, gut microbiota composition, and antioxidant capacity of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In a 45-day trial, the fish were fed with diets containing 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5% COS, while a diet containing fructo-oligosaccharides (0.5% FOS) was used as a positive control. Fish fed with the 0.5% and 1.5% COS diets showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Bacillaceae and Lactobacillaceae, in the faecal microbiota. The COS diets also induced higher antioxidant capacity in the gut and serum, but there were no treatment effects (P > 0.05) on growth of rainbow trout. Gene expression analysis of the intestine showed significant elevation (P < 0.05) in expression of complement (c3 and c-type lectin) and receptor (tlr2) genes of the innate immune system in COS-fed fish. However, for cytokine and adaptive immune genes, no significant differences (P > 0.05) in gene transcripts were observed between the COS/FOS diets with the control diet. These results suggest that dietary cello-oligosaccharides can be a useful feed supplement for rainbow trout, which can modulate intestinal microbial communities, innate immune response and antioxidant capacity of the host.
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| 3. |
- Havenhand, Jonathan N., 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification : Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:8, s. 831-854
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean temperatures are rising; species are shifting poleward, and pH is falling (ocean acidification, OA). We summarise current understanding of OA in the brackish Baltic-Skagerrak System, focussing on the direct, indirect and interactive effects of OA with other anthropogenic drivers on marine biogeochemistry, organisms and ecosystems. Substantial recent advances reveal a pattern of stronger responses (positive or negative) of species than ecosystems, more positive responses at lower trophic levels and strong indirect interactions in food-webs. Common emergent themes were as follows: OA drives planktonic systems toward the microbial loop, reducing energy transfer to zooplankton and fish; and nutrient/food availability ameliorates negative impacts of OA. We identify several key areas for further research, notably the need for OA-relevant biogeochemical and ecosystem models, and understanding the ecological and evolutionary capacity of Baltic-Skagerrak ecosystems to respond to OA and other anthropogenic drivers.
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| 4. |
- Holmberg, Hans-Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of the legs to double-poling performance in elite cross-country skiers.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Medicine and science in sports and exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 38:10, s. 1853-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the classical style of cross-country skiing, the double-poling (DP) technique, which is regarded as an upper-body exercise, is used on the flatter parts of a course. Limited biomechanical and physiological data are available about DP compared with other cross-country skiing techniques. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible role of the lower body during DP.Eleven elite cross-country skiers performed two incremental tests using DP roller skiing at 1 degree inclination on a treadmill with or without locking the knee and ankle joints (DPLOCKED and DPFREE). Maximal and peak oxygen uptake (VO2max and VO2peak) during classic diagonal skiing and DP, respectively, were measured. In addition, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and maximal DP velocity (Vmax) were determined. Pole-ground reaction forces and joint angles (elbow, hip, knee, and ankle) were analyzed.The skiers obtained 7.7% higher VO2peak, 9.4% higher Vmax, and 11.7% longer time to exhaustion during DPFREE compared with DPLOCKED (all P < 0.05). There was a higher heart rate and blood lactate concentration in DPLOCKED at submaximal stages (all P < 0.05), with no difference in oxygen consumption. At 85% Vmax, corresponding to approximately 81% VO2peak FREE, the differences in physiological variables were accompanied by a 13.6% higher poling frequency, a 4.9% shorter poling phase, 13.3% shorter recovery phase, and 10.9% lower relative pole force in DPLOCKED (all P < 0.05).Movements of the knee and ankle joints are an integrative part in the skillful use of the DP technique, and restriction of the motion in these joints markedly affects both biomechanical and physiological variables, impairing DP performance.
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| 5. |
- Kudahettige, Rasika L., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of bioethanol production from hexoses and xylose by the white rot fungus trametes versicolor
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bioenergy Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1939-1234 .- 1939-1242. ; 5:2, s. 277-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioethanol production by white rot fungus (Trametes versicolor), identified from fungal mixture in naturally decomposing wood samples, from hexoses and xylose was characterized. Results showed that T. versicolor can grow in culture, under hypoxic conditions, with various mixtures of hexoses and xylose and only xylose. Xylose was efficiently fermented to ethanol in media containing mixtures of hexoses and xylose, such as MBMC and G11XY11 media (Table 1), yielding ethanol concentrations of 20.0 and 9.02 g/l, respectively, after 354 h of hypoxic culture. Very strong correlations were found between ethanolic fermentation (alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol production), sugar consumption and xylose catabolism (xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase activities) after 354 h in culture in MBMC medium. In a medium (G11XY11) containing a 1:1 glucose/xylose ratio, fermentation efficiency of total sugars into ethanol was 80% after 354 h.
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| 6. |
- Richardson, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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Increase of hemoglobin concentration after maximal apneas in divers, skiers and untrained humans
- 2005
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 1066-7814 .- 1543-2718. ; 30:3, s. 276-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human splenic contraction occurs both during apnea and maximal exercise, increasing the circulating erythrocyte volume. We investigated the hematological responses to 3 maximal apneas performed by elite apneic divers, elite cross-country skiers, and untrained subjects. Post-apnea hemoglobin concentration had increased in all groups, but especially in divers. The increases disappeared within 10 min of recovery. Apneic duration across apneas also increased the most in divers. Responses in divers could be more pronounced as a result of apnea training. Key words: breath hold, serial apneas, spleen contraction, cross-country skiing
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| 7. |
- Vyas, Sachin, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and Molecular Characterization of Squalene Synthase Belonging to the Marine Thraustochytrid Species Aurantiochytrium limacinum Using Bioinformatics Approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Marine Drugs. - : MDPI. - 1660-3397. ; 20:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The marine microorganisms thraustochytrids have been explored for their potential in the production of various bioactive compounds, such as DHA, carotenoids, and squalene. Squalene is a secondary metabolite of the triterpenoid class and is known for its importance in various industrial applications. The bioinformatic analysis for squalene synthase (SQS) gene (the first key enzyme in the tri-terpenoid synthesis pathway), that is prevailing among thraustochytrids, is poorly investigated. In-silico studies combining sequence alignments and bioinformatic tools helped in the preliminary characterization of squalene synthases found in Aurantiochytrium limacinum. The sequence contained highly conserved regions for SQS found among different species indicated the enzyme had all the regions for its functionality. The signal peptide sequence and transmembrane regions were absent, indicating an important aspect of the subcellular localization. Secondary and 3-D models generated using appropriate templates demonstrated the similarities with SQS of the other species. The 3-D model also provided important insights into possible active, binding, phosphorylation, and glycosylation sites.
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| 8. |
- Dimarogona, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and functional studies of a Fusarium oxysporum cutinase with polyethylene terephthalate modification potential
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4165 .- 1872-8006. ; 1850:11, s. 2308-2317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCutinases are serine hydrolases that degrade cutin, a polyester of fatty acids that is the main component of plant cuticle. These biocatalysts have recently attracted increased biotechnological interest due to their potential to modify and degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as well as other synthetic polymers.MethodsA cutinase from the mesophilic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, named FoCut5a, was expressed either in the cytoplasm or periplasm of Escherichia coli BL21. Its X-ray structure was determined to 1.9 Å resolution using molecular replacement. The activity of the recombinant enzyme was tested on a variety of synthetic esters and polyester analogues.ResultsThe highest production of recombinant FoCut5a was achieved using periplasmic expression at 16οC. Its crystal structure is highly similar to previously determined Fusarium solani cutinase structure. However, a more detailed comparison of the surface properties and amino acid interactions revealed differences with potential impact on the biochemical properties of the two enzymes. FoCut5a showed maximum activity at 40οC and pH 8.0, while it was active on three p-nitrophenyl synthetic esters of aliphatic acids (C2, C4, C12), with the highest catalytic efficiency for the hydrolysis of the butyl ester. The recombinant cutinase was also found capable of hydrolyzing PET model substrates and synthetic polymers.ConclusionsThe first reported expression and crystal structure determination of a functional cutinase from the mesophilic fungus F. oxysporum with potential application in surface modification of PET synthetic polymers.General significanceFoCut5a could be used as a biocatalyst in industrial applications for the environmentally-friendly treatment of synthetic polymers.
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| 9. |
- Gojkovic, Zivan, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling biomass production during progressive nitrogen starvation by North Swedish green microalgae
- 2020
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Ingår i: Algal Research. - : Elsevier. - 2211-9264. ; 47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five newly isolated green algal species from Northern Sweden and one culture collection strain were tested for their ability to remove nitrogen and accumulate carbohydrates and neutral lipids (TAGs) under progressive nitrogen starvation. All six microalgal species increased biomass during N starvation, the amount of proteins decreased, and species dependent either TAGs and/or carbohydrates accumulated. Biomass of the algal strains Coelastrella sp. 3-4, Scenedesmus sp. B2-2 and S. obliquus RISE (UTEX 417) had very low final TAG content (≤3.4%) and high carbohydrate content (>41%) at the end of the starvation period. C. astroideum RW10 accumulated 9.2% TAGs and 53.9% carbohydrates during N-starvation; due to its modest growth rate (1.60 g/L and 1.06 1/day) resulting in low final biomass concentration, its cumulativeTAG and carbohydrate productivity were poor (175 mgTAG/system and 1.03 gCARBS/system). C. vulgaris 13-1 preferentially accumulated TAGs (10.3%) over carbohydrates (35%), with low minimal and maximal N quotas (2.27 and 11.6 mM/gDW) in its biomass and a very high growth rate (1.86 1/day) and cumulative TAGs productivity (278 mgTAG/system). Desmodesmus sp. RUC2 had the highest final biomass concentration (3.48 g/L) as well as cumulative TAG and carbohydrate productivity (269 mgTAG/system and 1.79 gCARBS/system). This species had the lowest minimal and maximal N quotas (1.58 and 8.50 mM/gDW) of all tested species, it can produce high amounts of biomass even when the available nitrogen concentration is low.A Droop's mathematical model with four basic parameters was applied to interpret the experimental data on N assimilation and biomass production under N starvation. The model corresponded well to the experimental data and therefore can successfully be applied to predict biomass production and N assimilation in Nordic algal species.
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| 10. |
- Karageorgou, Dimitra, et al.
(författare)
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Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena sp. on Forest Biomass Hydrolysates toward Sustainable Biodiesel Production
- 2022
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI. - 2076-2607. ; 10:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, depletion of fossil fuels, and a growing population have sparked a search for new and renewable energy sources such as biodiesel. The use of waste or residues as substrates for microbial growth can favor the implementation of a biorefinery concept with reduced environmental footprint. Cyanobacteria constitute microorganisms with enhanced ability to use industrial effluents, wastewaters, forest residues for growth, and concomitant production of added-value compounds. In this study, a recently isolated cyanobacterium strain of Pseudanabaena sp. was cultivated on hydrolysates from pretreated forest biomass (silver birch and Norway spruce), and the production of biodiesel-grade lipids was assessed. Optimizing carbon source concentration and the (C/N) carbon-to-nitrogen ratio resulted in 66.45% w/w lipid content when microalgae were grown on glucose, compared to 62.95% and 63.79% w/w when grown on spruce and birch hydrolysate, respectively. Importantly, the lipid profile was suitable for the production of high-quality biodiesel. The present study demonstrates how this new cyanobacterial strain could be used as a biofactory, converting residual resources into green biofuel.
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