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- Allen, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Scaling up movements: from individual space use to population patterns
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecosphere. - : Wiley. - 2150-8925. ; 7, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studying multiple individuals from multiple populations would add knowledge about the proportion of different movement strategies (migratory vs. resident) and how space use patterns vary within and across populations. This allows for effective conservation or management of partially migratory animal populations by identifying the appropriate size of management units and temporal interventions. However, this knowledge is often lacking as only a few individuals from a single population are tracked in space and time. To understand the drivers of intraspecific variation in movement patterns across a broad scale, we analyzed the multiannual space use of 307 moose (Alces alces), containing 544 single-year trajectories, from 10 study areas that are spread over a 1500-km latitudinal gradient. Using a novel approach, we quantified within-and among-population variation in movement and space use patterns. We identified the movement strategy (migratory, sedentary, nomadic, or dispersal) of moose and computed annual and seasonal home ranges. Individuals demonstrated variable movement strategies from migration to year-round residence. Summer home ranges were larger in northern study areas, whereas no geographical trends were detected among populations in winter home ranges. Individual-level traits, such as sex and age, along with factors related to the landscape, such as land use and habitat, explained variation within populations, whereas climatic factors such as temperature and vegetative productivity explained variation among populations. Importantly, the variables that explained individual-level variation in space use within populations were different for all our populations. We demonstrate the intricate interplay between individual life history and landscape scale variables and how they may determine the observed movement patterns and influence the scale of management.
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- Neumann Sivertsson, Wiebke, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport GPS-märkta älgar i Haradsområde 2020-2023 – Vandring, fördelning och livsmiljönyttjande
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att förvalta en rörlig resurs är utmanade och kräver en god förståelse om resursens fördelning i tid och rum. I Norrbotten behöver älgförvaltningen anpassas till stationära och vandringsälgar. Under perioden mars 2020-2023 följde och kvantifierade vi fördelning, vandringbeteende och val av livsmiljöer av 30 vuxna GPS-märkta älgar (20 kor och 10 tjurar) i centrala Norrbotten. Älgarna i Haradsområdet rörde sig över en stor yta där de stora hemområdena förklaras av en mycket stor andel av vandringsälgar, samt att de flesta älgar vandrar långa sträckor mellan sina säsongsområden – även om avståndet varierar mellan enskilda älgar. Älgarnas vandringsbeteende ledde till att nuvarande avgränsning mellan älgförvaltningsområden inte fångar upp merparten av vandringsdjuren inom samma förvaltningsenhet. Därmed kan det finnas ett behov av att justera gränsen mellan förvaltningsområden om älgförvaltningen vill samla större delen av vandringsälgarna inom samma förvaltningsenhet. Tallskog är en central livsmiljö för älgar året om – även om skogstypens andel varierar mellan vinter och sommaren och under älgarnas vandringsperiod. Under vintertid får hyggen en betydande roll i älgarnas livsmiljöval och under vår/sommarperioden betonar blandskogens och våtmarkernas roll i älgarnas val av livsmiljöer. Under sin vandring rör sig älgar fram för allt över hyggen, i tallskog och blandskog.
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- Neumann, Wiebke, et al.
(författare)
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Divergence in parturition timing and vegetation onset in a large herbivore-differences along a latitudinal gradient
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biology Letters. - : The Royal Society. - 1744-9561 .- 1744-957X. ; 16:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In northern environments, the period of access to high-quality forage is limited, exerting strong selective pressure to optimize the timing of parturition. We analysed timing and variation in moose (Alces alces) parturition dates of 555 females at 18 study sites across 12 degrees of latitude (56-68 degrees N, 1350 km) in Sweden. We found evidence for a spatial match of parturition timing to vegetation onset, but no evidence that moose adjust parturition to vegetation onset in a given year. We found a breakpoint at 64 degrees N. Despite adaptation across latitudes, temporal divergences occurred. Females below 64 degrees N calved after vegetation onset and females above 64 degrees N calved before. Here, parturition before vegetation onset might be a strategy to optimize forage utilization time with the very short growing season. Highly seasonal environments such as at higher latitudes may make it advantageous to adapt parturition towards long-term climatic patterns by matching the most favourable period. Given the direction of temporal divergence, our study suggests that climate change may have less of an impact on moose parturition at northern latitudes than southern latitudes.
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- Dijkgraaf, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Bear in mind! Bear presence and individual experience with calf survival shape the selection of calving sites in a long-lived solitary ungulate
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - 2045-7758. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The careful selection of ungulate calving sites to improve offspring survival is vital in the face of predation. In general, there is limited knowledge to which degree predator presence and prey's individual experience shape the selection of calving sites. Predator presence influences the spatiotemporal risk of encountering a predator, while individual experiences with previous predation events shape perceived mortality risks. We used a multi-year movement dataset of a long-lived female ungulate (moose, Alces alces, n = 79) and associated calf survival to test how predator presence (i.e., encounter risk) and females' individual experiences with previous calf mortality events affected their calving site selection and site fidelity. Using data from areas with and without Scandinavian brown bear (Ursus arctos) predation, we compared females' calving site selection using individual-based analyses. Our findings suggest two things. First, bear presence influences calving site selection in this solitary living ungulate. Females in areas with bears were selected for higher shrub and tree cover and showed lower site fidelity than in the bear-free area. Second, the individual experience of calf loss changes females' selection the following year. Females with lost calves had a lower site fidelity compared to females with surviving calves. Our findings suggest that increased vegetation cover may be important for reducing encounter risk in bear areas, possibly by improving calf concealment. Lower site fidelity might represent a strategy to make the placement of calving sites less predictable for predators. We suggest that bear presence shapes both habitat selection and calving site fidelity in a long-lived animal, whereas the effect of individual experience with previous calf loss varies. We encourage further research on the relevance of female experience on the success of expressed anti-predator strategies during calving periods.Bear presence influences the calving site selection in a solitary living ungulate like moose (Alces alces). Females' individual experience of calf loss changes their selection for a calving site the following year. Reduced calving site fidelity in bear areas, relative to the area without bears, might represent a female strategy to make the placement of calving sites less predictable for predators. Increased vegetation cover seems to be an important habitat feature for reducing calf predation risk, possibly by improving calf concealment.image
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- Dussex, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Range-wide and temporal genomic analyses reveal the consequences of near-extinction in Swedish moose
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - 2399-3642. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ungulate species have experienced severe declines over the past centuries through overharvesting and habitat loss. Even if many game species have recovered thanks to strict hunting regulation, the genome-wide impacts of overharvesting are still unclear. Here, we examine the temporal and geographical differences in genome-wide diversity in moose (Alces alces) over its whole range in Sweden by sequencing 87 modern and historical genomes. We found limited impact of the 1900s near-extinction event but local variation in inbreeding and load in modern populations, as well as suggestion of a risk of future reduction in genetic diversity and gene flow. Furthermore, we found candidate genes for local adaptation, and rapid temporal allele frequency shifts involving coding genes since the 1980s, possibly due to selective harvesting. Our results highlight that genomic changes potentially impacting fitness can occur over short time scales and underline the need to track both deleterious and selectively advantageous genomic variation.
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