| 1. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Precaution and Ethics: Handling risks, uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the regulation of new biotechnologies
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This volume outlines and analyses ethical issues actualized by applying a precautionary approach to the regulation of new biotechnologies. It presents a novel way of categorizing and comparing biotechnologies from a precautionary standpoint. Based on this, it addresses underlying philosophical problems regarding the ethical assessment of decision-making under uncertainty and ignorance, and discusses how risks and possible benefits of such technologies should be balanced from an ethical standpoint. It argues on conceptual and ethical grounds for a technology neutral regulation as well as for a regulation that not only checks new technologies but also requires old, inferior ones to be phased out. It demonstrates how difficult ethical issues regarding the extent and ambition of precautionary policies need to be handled by such a regulation, and presents an overarching framework for doing so.
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| 2. |
- Albers, Eva, 1966
(författare)
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Nitrogen and redox metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Impact on cellular activity and ethanol production.
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ethanol production by yeast fermentation has been in focus of mankind for millennia, initially, as consumable products like wine and beer, and recently as an environmental-friendly fuel. To obtain an efficient industrial production further knowledge of yeast metabolism is needed to increase the product purity. In this work, the nitrogen and redox metabolism in yeast and its implications on by-product formation and yeast physiology have been studied. In this respect, amino acid biosynthesis plays a substantial role and the central amino acid, glutamate, where used as the sole source of nitrogen. Such cultures were studied in depth by characterizing extra- and intracellular metabolite formation, carbon flows, protein expression and enzyme activities. Glycerol is formed as the main by-product during anaerobic conditions to balance redox equivalents formed during biosynthesis of mainly amino acids. Thus, using amino acids as nitrogen source it was found that glycerol formation was reduced as predicted by theoretical calculations. The results presented in this work have implications for both basic yeast research as well as development of yeast bioprocesses.
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| 3. |
- Lehrman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Shaping our food – an overview of crop and livestock breeding
- 2014
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- You may not have thought about why tomatoes look the way they do, why our pets and farm animals are so calm and friendly, or how it is possible to get a watermelon without any seeds in it. Although the breeding of plants and livestock have shaped more or less everything we eat, few people know about the scientific achievements and the tedious work that results in the food we see on our plates every day. With this book we wish to give an overview of the background of domestication and breeding, from the beginning of farming more than 10,000 years ago to the molecular work of today. We present the basics of the structures and functions of genes, describe why and how different breeding methods are applied to crops and livestock, and give some insight into legislation surrounding the use of biotechnology in breeding in the EU and in Sweden. We also provide an overview of different products produced through genetic modification, a summary of the economic impact of such crops, and some ethical issues related to breeding in general and to genetic modification in particular.
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| 4. |
- Maurino, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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Arabidopsis book
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Glycolate, malate, lactate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate are important 2-hydroxy acids (2HA) in plant metabolism. Most of them can be found as D- and L-stereoisomers. These 2HA play an integral role in plant primary metabolism, where they are involved in fundamental pathways such as photorespiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle, methylglyoxal pathway, and lysine catabolism. Recent molecular studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have helped elucidate the participation of these 2HA in in plant metabolism and physiology. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about the metabolic pathways and cellular processes in which they are involved, focusing on the proteins that participate in their metabolism and cellular/intracellular transport in Arabidopsis.
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| 5. |
- Omstedt, Anders, 1949
(författare)
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Guide to process based modelling of lakes and coastal seas
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The intent of Guide to process based modeling of lakes and coastal seas is to introduce its readers to the subject, giving them a basic scientific understanding of and needed tools for aquatic studies. The book encourages the reader to solve geophysical problems using a systematic, process based approach. This approach divides the studied water body into dynamically relevant parts or natural sub-basins and identifies the major processes involved in the problem. Based on field observations and simplifications, the dynamics are then expressed mathematically, and tested carefully against relevant analytical solutions, extremes, and observations. After a background in lake and coastal seas physics and biogeochemistry the modeling started by addressing the Ekman ocean boundary layer. This gave the reader insight into numerical modeling and the importance of considering analytical solutions; we also learned how to test a solution for grid independence and time resolution. The next section considered the modeling of lakes. A simple slab model was developed for shallow lakes, while for deep lakes we considered how to model the effects of pressure on the temperature of maximum density. We learned how to read meteorological data and calculate corresponding heat fluxes at the atmosphere–water interface. The first ocean model was then developed by adding the salinity equation to the lake model. Basin geometry and river runoff were added to the model and the heat and salt conservation properties were investigated. The reader discovered that salt conservation was quite easily achieved; heat conservation, however, required that sea ice be included in the model. This was the topic of the next section, which considered the modeling of sea ice with its new boundary conditions. The importance of turbulent modeling was studied in the next section. Various models, from zero-equation to two-equation models, were investigated. The reader learned the importance of employing good turbulent models and of considering deepwater mixing. Then, we addressed how to include tides in the modeling by adding the horizontal pressure gradients modeled from tidal sea level variations. The first biogeochemical application was to model oxygen dynamics, and the reader learned how to add one more equation to the physical equation system. Another equation for plankton growth and mineralization was added in the next section. Oxygen concentration was related to plankton growth and mineralization, and the reader learned that understanding the nutrient dynamics called for further equations. One nutrient equation, representing phosphorus, was then added to the marine system and nutrient limitation was investigated. To learn more about the carbon system, we modeled the inorganic carbon dynamics. The importance of introducing biological processes when modeling the CO2 system was further investigated. The construction of nets of coupled sub-basins was then analyzed, and the first section addressed the modeling of two coupled basins. This exercise taught the reader to add one more sub-basin to the system. The PROBE-Baltic marine system was introduced, and the first application included only physical processes. Using this version, we could study several model aspects, such as turbulent mixing, dense bottom currents, heat and ice dynamics, water and heat budgets, and air–sea–land interactions. The second application included oxygen concentrations as well, giving a tool for studying, for example, the interaction between inflow dynamics and oxygen reduction due to biological mineralization. Finally, the third application included physical–biogeochemical dynamics, in particular, the CO2 system. This version allowed the study of aspects such as acid–base (pH) balance, biological production, and interaction with climate. Various aspects of lakes and coastal seas were illustrated with a number of exercises, and their solutions were worked through in Chapter 6. The appendixes to the book touch on various matters, including a short introduction to FORTRAN, nomenclature, data and programs needed for the book, the PROBE Manual, and a discussion on reconstructions of past aquatic conditions. With growing access to data on the Internet, it will become increasingly easier to analyze various water bodies, ranging from small lakes to coastal seas and ocean basins. Much can be learned using a process based approach, and one of its strengths is that it focuses on process understanding rather than numerical methods. It is therefore my hope that this book will stimulate students and researchers to develop their modeling skill and make model codes and data transparent to other research groups.
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| 6. |
- Nielsen, Jens B, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Systems Biology
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Comprehensive coverage of the many different aspects of systems biology, resulting in an excellent overview of the experimental and computational approaches currently in use to study biological systems. Each chapter represents a valuable introduction to one specific branch of systems biology, while also including the current state of the art and pointers to future directions. Following different methods for the integrative analysis of omics data, the book goes on to describe techniques that allow for the direct quantification of carbon fluxes in large metabolic networks, including the use of 13C labelled substrates and genome-scale metabolic models. The latter is explained on the basis of the model organism Escherichia coli as well as the human metabolism. Subsequently, the authors deal with the application of such techniques to human health and cell factory engineering, with a focus on recent progress in building genome-scale models and regulatory networks. They highlight the importance of such information for specific biological processes, including the ageing of cells, the immune system and organogenesis. The book concludes with a summary of recent advances in genome editing, which have allowed for precise genetic modifications, even with the dynamic control of gene expression. This is part of the Advances Biotechnology series, covering all pertinent aspects of the field with each volume prepared by eminent scientists who are experts on the topic in question.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bonander, Nicklas, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing yeast as a host for recombinant protein production
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Having access to suitably stable, functional recombinant protein samples underpins diverse academic and industrial research efforts to understand the workings of the cell in health and disease. Synthesizing a protein in recombinant host cells typically allows the isolation of the pure protein in quantities much higher than those found in the protein's native source. Yeast is a popular host as it is a eukaryote with similar synthetic machinery to the native human source cells of many proteins of interest, whilst also being quick, easy and cheap to grow and process. Even in these cells the production of some proteins can be plagued by low functional yields. We have identified molecular mechanisms and culture parameters underpinning high yields and have consolidated our findings to engineer improved yeast cell factories. In this chapter we provide an overview of the opportunities available to improve yeast as a host system for recombinant protein production.
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| 10. |
- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
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