| 1. |
- Singh, Aprajita, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of dietary supplementation of lignocellulose-derived cello-oligosaccharides on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and intestinal microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the prebiotic potential of cello-oligosaccharides (COS) produced from birch (Betula pendula), an under-utilised lignocellulosic source from the forestry industry, on growth performance, mucosal immunity, gut microbiota composition, and antioxidant capacity of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In a 45-day trial, the fish were fed with diets containing 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5% COS, while a diet containing fructo-oligosaccharides (0.5% FOS) was used as a positive control. Fish fed with the 0.5% and 1.5% COS diets showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Bacillaceae and Lactobacillaceae, in the faecal microbiota. The COS diets also induced higher antioxidant capacity in the gut and serum, but there were no treatment effects (P > 0.05) on growth of rainbow trout. Gene expression analysis of the intestine showed significant elevation (P < 0.05) in expression of complement (c3 and c-type lectin) and receptor (tlr2) genes of the innate immune system in COS-fed fish. However, for cytokine and adaptive immune genes, no significant differences (P > 0.05) in gene transcripts were observed between the COS/FOS diets with the control diet. These results suggest that dietary cello-oligosaccharides can be a useful feed supplement for rainbow trout, which can modulate intestinal microbial communities, innate immune response and antioxidant capacity of the host.
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| 2. |
- Samuelsson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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The size and distribution of the economic impacts of Namibian hunting tourism
- 2007
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Wildlife Research. - Bloubergstrand : Southern African wildlife management association. - 0379-4369 .- 1996-8477. ; 37:1, s. 41-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to analyse the economic impacts of hunting tourism in Namibia. The economic impacts of hunting that takes place in communal land conservancies and on private lands, respectively, are studied, as well as the distribution of these impacts between different sectors and groups in the country. The study is based on data from a survey of hunters who visited Namibia during a five-year period. The income generated by hunting tourism, and the distribution of this income, are analysed using a recently developed Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). In aggregate, an extra N$ in spending by survey respondents translates into approximately one extra N$ in national income, and an average survey respondent's spending raised overall national income by an amount corresponding to two to three years' income for an average Namibian. The additional income generated by hunting tourism and associated tourism benefits rural households and urban wage earners to a greater extent, and capital owners to a lesser extent, than the average income distribution in the economy.
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| 3. |
- Wennerström, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic biodiversity in the Baltic Sea: Species-specific patterns challenge management
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biodiversity and Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-3115 .- 1572-9710. ; 22:13-14, s. 3045-3065
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information on spatial and temporal patterns of genetic diversity is a prerequisite to understanding the demography of populations, and is fundamental to successful management and conservation of species. In the sea, it has been observed that oceanographic and other physical forces can constitute barriers to gene flow that may result in similar population genetic structures in different species. Such similarities among species would greatly simplify management of genetic biodiversity. Here, we tested for shared genetic patterns in a complex marine area, the Baltic Sea. We assessed spatial patterns of intraspecific genetic diversity and differentiation in seven ecologically important species of the Baltic ecosystem-Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), northern pike (Esox lucius), European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), blue mussel (Mytilus spp.), and bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus). We used nuclear genetic data of putatively neutral microsatellite and SNP loci from samples collected from seven regions throughout the Baltic Sea, and reference samples from North Atlantic areas. Overall, patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation among sampling regions were unique for each species, although all six species with Atlantic samples indicated strong resistence to Atlantic-Baltic gene-flow. Major genetic barriers were not shared among species within the Baltic Sea; most species show genetic heterogeneity, but significant isolation by distance was only detected in pike and whitefish. These species-specific patterns of genetic structure preclude generalizations and emphasize the need to undertake genetic surveys for species separately, and to design management plans taking into consideration the specific structures of each species. © 2013 The Author(s).
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| 4. |
- Konatham, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of the Spectral Radiation Environment on the Maximum Absorption Wavelengths of Human Vision and Other Species
- 2021
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Ingår i: Life. - : MDPI. - 2075-1729. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the earliest development of the eye (and vision) around 530 million years ago (Mya), it has evolved, adapting to different habitats, species, and changing environmental conditions on Earth. We argue that a radiation environment determined by the atmosphere played a determining role in the evolution of vision, specifically on the human eye, which has three vision regimes (photopic-, scotopic-, and mesopic vision) for different illumination conditions. An analysis of the irradiance spectra, reaching the shallow ocean depths, revealed that the available radiation could have determined the bandwidth of the precursor to vision systems, including human vision. We used the radiative transfer model to test the existing hypotheses on human vision. We argue that, once on the surface, the human photopic (daytime) and scotopic (night-time) vision followed different evolutionary directions, maximum total energy, and optimum information, respectively. Our analysis also suggests that solar radiation reflected from the moon had little or no influence on the evolution of scotopic vision. Our results indicate that, apart from human vision, the vision of only a few birds, rodents, and deep-sea fish are strongly correlated to the available radiation within their respective habitats.
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