| 1. |
- Pilarczyk, Kacper, et al.
(författare)
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Molecules, semiconductors, light and information: Towards future sensing and computing paradigms
- 2018
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Ingår i: Coordination Chemistry Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-8545. ; 365, s. 23-40
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last few years we have witnessed a great progress in the research devoted to unconventional computing - an unorthodox approach to information handling. It includes both novel algorithms and computing paradigms as well as completely new elements of circuitry: whole organisms (e.g., Physarum species), DNA, enzymes, various biomolecules, molecular and nanoparticulate materials. One of the biggest challenges in this field is the realisation of in-materio computing - i.e., the utilisation of properties of pristine materials, instead of high-tech structures - for advanced information processing. In this review we present recent achievements in the design of logic devices (binary, ternary and fuzzy) implemented in molecular and nanoscale components, photoelectrochemical chemosensing, photoactive memristive devices and reservoir computing systems. A common denominator for all these devices is the involvement of molecular species, semiconducting nanoparticles and light in information processing. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Relativism in the cloud : Cloud sourcing in virtue of IS development outsourcing - A literature review
- 2017
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Ingår i: IJISPM - International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management. - : SciKA. - 2182-7796 .- 2182-7788. ; 5:4, s. 55-65
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays Cloud Computing and Cloud Sourcing is on the agenda in many organizations. Many Chief Information Officers (CIOs) that urge for alternatives to traditional outsourcing are interested in how they can take advantage from Cloud Computing, by sourcing Information Technology (IT) from the cloud. This paper provides an overview of the research direction of Cloud Sourcing in the IS field. A literature review based on selected papers from top Information Systems (IS) journals and conferences were conducted. Findings from the review indicate that the attention of Cloud Sourcing in IS literature has mainly been directed towards security and risk as well as adoption issues, and that Cloud Sourcing is claimed to be the next generation of outsourcing. Unfortunately, this is where this strong claim ends without any further evidence, which indicate that there is a need for more research on Cloud Sourcing, especially in the direction of investigating relationships and implications when organizations start using Cloud Sourcing.
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| 3. |
- Pilipiec, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of communicable diseases using social media: A systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 18:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCommunicable diseases pose a severe threat to public health and economic growth. The traditional methods that are used for public health surveillance, however, involve many drawbacks, such as being labor intensive to operate and resulting in a lag between data collection and reporting. To effectively address the limitations of these traditional methods and to mitigate the adverse effects of these diseases, a proactive and real-time public health surveillance system is needed. Previous studies have indicated the usefulness of performing text mining on social media.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the literature that used textual content published to social media for the purpose of the surveillance and prediction of communicable diseases.MethodologyBroad search queries were formulated and performed in four databases. Both journal articles and conference materials were included. The quality of the studies, operationalized as reliability and validity, was assessed. This qualitative systematic review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsTwenty-three publications were included in this systematic review. All studies reported positive results for using textual social media content to surveille communicable diseases. Most studies used Twitter as a source for these data. Influenza was studied most frequently, while other communicable diseases received far less attention. Journal articles had a higher quality (reliability and validity) than conference papers. However, studies often failed to provide important information about procedures and implementation.ConclusionText mining of health-related content published on social media can serve as a novel and powerful tool for the automated, real-time, and remote monitoring of public health and for the surveillance and prediction of communicable diseases in particular. This tool can address limitations related to traditional surveillance methods, and it has the potential to supplement traditional methods for public health surveillance.
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| 4. |
- De Lima, Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Convergent Communication, Sensing and Localization in 6G Systems: An Overview of Technologies, Opportunities and Challenges
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - 2169-3536 .- 2169-3536. ; 9, s. 26902-26925
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, we focus on convergent 6G communication, localization and sensing systems by identifying key technology enablers, discussing their underlying challenges, implementation issues, and recommending potential solutions. Moreover, we discuss exciting new opportunities for integrated localization and sensing applications, which will disrupt traditional design principles and revolutionize the way we live, interact with our environment, and do business. Regarding potential enabling technologies, 6G will continue to develop towards even higher frequency ranges, wider bandwidths, and massive antenna arrays. In turn, this will enable sensing solutions with very fine range, Doppler, and angular resolutions, as well as localization to cm-level degree of accuracy. Besides, new materials, device types, and reconfigurable surfaces will allow network operators to reshape and control the electromagnetic response of the environment. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence will leverage the unprecedented availability of data and computing resources to tackle the biggest and hardest problems in wireless communication systems. As a result, 6G will be truly intelligent wireless systems that will provide not only ubiquitous communication but also empower high accuracy localization and high-resolution sensing services. They will become the catalyst for this revolution by bringing about a unique new set of features and service capabilities, where localization and sensing will coexist with communication, continuously sharing the available resources in time, frequency, and space. This work concludes by highlighting foundational research challenges, as well as implications and opportunities related to privacy, security, and trust.
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| 5. |
- Domenzain Del Castillo Cerecer, Iván, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating accessibility, usability and interoperability of genome-scale metabolic models for diverse yeasts species
- 2021
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Ingår i: FEMS Yeast Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1567-1356 .- 1567-1364. ; 21:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic network reconstructions have become an important tool for probing cellular metabolism in the field of systems biology. They are used as tools for quantitative prediction but also as scaffolds for further knowledge contextualization. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was one of the first organisms for which a genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) was reconstructed, in 2003, and since then 45 metabolic models have been developed for a wide variety of relevant yeasts species. A systematic evaluation of these models revealed that-despite this long modeling history-the sequential process of tracing model files, setting them up for basic simulation purposes and comparing them across species and even different versions, is still not a generalizable task. These findings call the yeast modeling community to comply to standard practices on model development and sharing in order to make GEMs accessible and useful for a wider public.
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| 6. |
- Hall, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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A review of explainable AI in the satellite data, deep machine learning, and human poverty domain
- 2022
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Ingår i: Patterns. - Cambridge : Cell Press. - 2666-3899. ; 3:10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances in artificial intelligence and deep machine learning have created a step change in how to measure human development indicators, in particular asset-based poverty. The combination of satellite imagery and deep machine learning now has the capability to estimate some types of poverty at a level close to what is achieved with traditional household surveys. An increasingly important issue beyond static estimations is whether this technology can contribute to scientific discovery and, consequently, new knowledge in the poverty and welfare domain. A foundation for achieving scientific insights is domain knowledge, which in turn translates into explainability and scientific consistency. We perform an integrative literature review focusing on three core elements relevant in this context—transparency, interpretability, and explainability—and investigate how they relate to the poverty, machine learning, and satellite imagery nexus. Our inclusion criteria for papers are that they cover poverty/wealth prediction, using survey data as the basis for the ground truth poverty/wealth estimates, be applicable to both urban and rural settings, use satellite images as the basis for at least some of the inputs (features), and the method should include deep neural networks. Our review of 32 papers shows that the status of the three core elements of explainable machine learning (transparency, interpretability, and domain knowledge) is varied and does not completely fulfill the requirements set up for scientific insights and discoveries. We argue that explainability is essential to support wider dissemination and acceptance of this research in the development community and that explainability means more than just interpretability. (c) 2022 The Author(s).
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| 7. |
- van der Tak, F. F. S., et al.
(författare)
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The Leiden Atomic and Molecular Database (LAMDA): Current status, recent updates, and future plans
- 2020
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Ingår i: Atoms. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-2004. ; 8:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Leiden Atomic and Molecular Database (LAMDA) collects spectroscopic information and collisional rate coefficients for molecules, atoms, and ions of astrophysical and astrochemical interest. We describe the developments of the database since its inception in 2005, and outline our plans for the near future. Such a database is constrained both by the nature of its uses and by the availability of accurate data: we suggest ways to improve the synergies among users and suppliers of data. We summarize some recent developments in computation of collisional cross sections and rate coefficients. We consider atomic and molecular data that are needed to support astrophysics and astrochemistry with upcoming instruments that operate in the mid-and far-infrared parts of the spectrum.
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| 8. |
- Yu, Tao, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Big data in yeast systems biology
- 2019
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Ingår i: FEMS Yeast Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1567-1356 .- 1567-1364. ; 19:7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems biology uses computational and mathematical modeling to study complex interactions in a biological system. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has served as both an important model organism and cell factory, has pioneered both the early development of such models and modeling concepts, and the more recent integration of multi-omics big data in these models to elucidate fundamental principles of biology. Here, we review the advancement of big data technologies to gain biological insight in three aspects of yeast systems biology: gene expression dynamics, cellular metabolism and the regulation network between gene expression and metabolism. The role of big data and complementary modeling approaches, including the expansion of genome-scale metabolic models and machine learning methodologies, are discussed as key drivers in the rapid advancement of yeast systems biology.
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| 9. |
- Zhdanov, Vladimir, 1952
(författare)
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Virology from the perspective of theoretical colloid and interface science
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-0294 .- 1879-0399. ; 53
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viral infections occur at very different length and time scales and include various processes, which can often be described using the models developed and/or employed in colloid and interface science. Bearing in mind the currently active COVID-19, I discuss herein the models aimed at viral transmission via respiratory droplets and the contact of virions with the epithelium. In a more general context, I outline the models focused on penetration of virions via the cellular membrane, initial stage of viral genome replication, and formation of viral capsids in cells. In addition, the models related to a new generation of drug delivery vehicles, for example, lipid nanoparticles with size about 100–200 nm, are discussed as well. Despite the high current interest in all these processes, their understanding is still limited, and this area is open for new theoretical studies.
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| 10. |
- Björnsson, Bergthor, et al.
(författare)
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Digital twins to personalize medicine
- 2020
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 12:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personalized medicine requires the integration and processing of vast amounts of data. Here, we propose a solution to this challenge that is based on constructing Digital Twins. These are high-resolution models of individual patients that are computationally treated with thousands of drugs to find the drug that is optimal for the patient.
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