| 1. |
- Karegar, Farzaneh, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring User-Suitable Metaphors for Differentially Private Data Analyses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, SOUPS 2022. - 9781939133304 ; , s. 175-193
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite recent enhancements in the deployment of differential privacy (DP), little has been done to address the human aspects of DP-enabled systems. Comprehending the complex concept of DP and the privacy protection it provides could be challenging for lay users who should make informed decisions when sharing their data. Using metaphors could be suitable to convey key protection functionalities of DP to them. Based on a three-phase framework, we extracted and generated metaphors for differentially private data analysis models (local and central). We analytically evaluated the metaphors based on experts’ feedback and then empirically evaluated them in online interviews with 30 participants. Our results showed that the metaphorical explanations can successfully convey that perturbation protects privacy and that there is a privacy-accuracy trade-off. Nonetheless, conveying information at a high level leads to incorrect expectations that negatively affect users’ understanding and limits the ability to apply the concept to different contexts. In this paper, we presented the plausible suitability of metaphors and discussed the challenges of using them to facilitate informed decisions on sharing data with DP-enabled systems.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kujala, Sari, et al.
(författare)
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Benchmarking usability of patient portals in Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : Elsevier. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Poor usability is a barrier to widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHR). Providing good usability is especially challenging in the health care context, as there is a wide variety of patient users. Usability benchmarking is an approach for improving usability by evaluating and comparing the strength and weaknesses of systems. The main purpose of this study is to benchmark usability of patient portals across countries. METHODS: A mixed-methods survey approach was applied to benchmark the national patient portals offering patient access to EHR in Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. These Nordic countries have similar public healthcare systems, and they are pioneers in offering patients access to EHR for several years. In a survey of 29,334 patients, both patients' quantitative ratings of usability and their qualitative descriptions of very positive and very negative peak experiences of portal use were collected. RESULTS: The usability scores ranged from good to fair level of usability. The narratives of very positive and very negative experiences included the benefits of the patient portals and experienced usability issues. The regression analysis of results showed that very positive and negative experiences of patient portal use explain 19-35% of the variation of usability scores in the four countries. The percentage of patients who reported very positive or very negative experiences in each country was unrelated to the usability scores across countries. CONCLUSIONS: The survey approach could be used to evaluate usability with a wide variety of users and it supported learning from comparison across the countries. The combination of quantitative and qualitative data provided an approximation of the level of the perceived usability, and identified usability issues to be improved and useful features that patients appreciate. Further work is needed to improve the comparability of the varied samples across countries.
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| 4. |
- Neumann, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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Election-Dependent Security Evaluation of Internet Voting Schemes
- 2017
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Ingår i: ICT Systems Security and Privacy Protection. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319584690 - 9783319584683 ; , s. 371-382
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The variety of Internet voting schemes proposed in the literature build their security upon a number of trust assumptions. The criticality of these assumptions depends on the target election setting, particularly the adversary expected within that setting. Given the potential complexity of the assumptions, identifying the most appropriate Internet voting schemes for a specific election setting poses a significant burden to election officials. We address this shortcoming by the construction of an election-dependent security evaluation framework for Internet voting schemes. On the basis of two specification languages, the core of the framework essentially evaluates election-independent security models with regard to expected adversaries and returns satisfaction degrees for security requirements. These satisfaction degrees serve election officials as basis for their decision-making. The framework is evaluated against requirements stemming from measure theory.
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| 5. |
- Harrer, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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A Pattern Language for Workflow Engine Conformance and Performance Benchmarking
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs EuroPLoP '17. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Workflow engines are frequently used in the domains of business process management, service orchestration, and cloud computing, where they serve as middleware platforms for integrated business applications. Engines have a significant impact on the quality of service provided by hosted applications. Therefore, it is desirable to compare them and to select the most appropriate engine for a given task. To enable such a comparison, approaches for benchmarking workflow engines have emerged. Although these approaches deal with different quality attributes, i.e., performance or standard conformance, they face many reoccurring design and implementation problems, which have been solved in similar ways. In this paper, we present a pattern language that captures such common solutions to reoccurring problems (e.g., from test identification, benchmarking procedure validation, automatic engine interaction, and workflow execution observation) in the area of workflow engine conformance and performance benchmarking. Our aim is to help future benchmark authors with the pattern language presented in this paper to benefit from our experience with the design and implementation of workflow engine benchmarks and benchmarking tools
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| 6. |
- Maqbool, Bilal, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in Developing Software for the Swedish Healthcare Sector
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies - Volume 5 HEALTHINF, Austria, February 11-13, 2021. - Portugal : SciTePress. - 9789897584909 ; , s. 175-187
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: High-quality software is essential to the progressing digitalisation of the Swedish healthcare sector. Developing software with the desired high quality is far from trivial due to the sophisticated requirements of the domain.Problem: Studies on healthcare digitalisation challenges in Sweden and other countries, however, largely focus on the perceptions of healthcare professionals and patients and less on opinions of IT professionals.Method: In this exploratory study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with nine IT professionals about observed challenges in developing software for the Swedish healthcare sector. A qualitative analysis was performed to identify common themes.Results: We identified the prevalent challenges to be related to data integrity, privacy and security, rules and regulations, engineering usability, and software testing.Conclusion: The results suggest that further research is required regarding agile methods, efficient requirement engineering, and testing in eHealth as well as in privacy and usability engineering.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Scherner, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Assurance
- 2011
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Ingår i: Digital Privacy. - Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642190490
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter documents the experiences of assurance evaluation during the early stage of a large software development project. The PRIME project researches, contracts and integrates privacy-respecting software to business environments. There exist several approaches to ensure the quality of secure software. Some of these approaches have the focus of quality assurance at a very early stage of the development process and have weaknesses to ensure the quality of this process until the product is ready to enter the market. Other approaches, like the CC, focus on inspection, or more concrete evaluation, of ready-to-market products.
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| 9. |
- Jennings Saul, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Digital transformation as an enabler for advanced services in the sanitation sector
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People in Base of the Pyramid markets still face difficulties when it comes to sanitation. Container-based Sanitation (CBS) services represent a promising advanced sanitation service. Despite the observed outcomes of CBS services, organizations face obstacles when providing these services. To overcome these obstacles, digital transformations of these services are being carried out. We rely on multiple case studies to understand these digital transformations. Our findings highlight (1) the challenges these case organizations faced before engaging in the digital transformation, (2) their individual digital transformation pathways, and (3) a general framework for digital transformations in BoP markets.
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| 10. |
- Alaqra, Ala Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Transparency of Privacy Risks Using PIA Visualizations
- 2023
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Ingår i: HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy and Trust. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031358210 - 9783031358227 ; 14045 LNCS, s. 3-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Privacy enhancing technologies allow the minimization of risks to online data. However, the transparency of the minimization process is not so clear to all types of end users. Privacy Impact Assessments (PIAs) is a standardized tool that identifies and assesses privacy risks associated with the use of a system. In this work, we used the results of the PIA conducted in our use case to visualize privacy risks to end users in the form of User Interface (UI) mock ups. We tested and evaluated the UI mock-ups via walkthroughs to investigate users' interests by observing their clicking behavior, followed by four focus group workshops. There were 13 participants (two expert groups and two lay user groups) in total. Results reveal general interests in the transparency provided by showing the risks reductions. Generally, although participants appreciate the concept of having detailed information provided about risk reductions and the type of risks, the visualization and usability of the PIA UIs require future development. Specifically, it should be tailored to the target group's mental models and background knowledge.
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