1.
Sutinen, Martti, et al.
(författare)
Web-Based Analytical Decision Support System
2010
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, ISDA'10. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781424481347 - 9781424481354 ; , s. 575-579
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
This paper presents a web-application supporting structured decision modelling and analysis. The application allows for decision modelling with respect to different preferences and views, allowing for numerically imprecise and vague background probabilities, values, and criteria weights, which further can be adjusted in an interactive fashion when considering calculated decision outcomes. The web-application is based on a decision tool that has been used in a large number of different domains over the last 15 years, ranging from investment decision analysis for companies to public decision support for local governments.
2.
Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
Public Decision Support - Using a DSS to Increase Democratic Transparency
2005
Ingår i: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - Sundsvall : Mittuniversitetet. - 1653-4360. ; 1:1, s. 3-25
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
We present a case study in which a decision support method (ADL) was employed by a local government in order to guide and aid decisions on three complicated and politically infected issues which had remained unresolved for many years. The research inquiry was whether a well-defined and openly accessible method would aid a common understanding of the decision problems, and whether people would be able to accept a clearly motivated decision even if politically they preferred a different option. The ADL method has been used in several public sector projects ranging from very large purchasing decisions to the selection of national policies, but this test case was novel in that it involved close inspection by the public. This case was also devised as a test of new methods for potential inclusion into normal practices. The post-case analysis shows mixed understanding of and belief in the method. The results raise issues concerning both the potential for decision support methods in a political context and the nature of political decision making.
3.
Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
A framework for evaluation of flood management strategies
2008
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 86:3, s. 465-480
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The resulting impact of disasters on society depends on the affected country's economic strength prior to the disaster. The larger the disaster and the smaller the economy, the more significant is the impact. This is clearest seen in developing countries, where weak economics become even weaker afterwards. Deliberate strategies for the sharing of losses from hazardous events may aid a country or a community in efficiently using scarce prevention and mitigation resources, thus being better prepared for the effects of a disaster. Nevertheless, many governments lack an adequate institutional system for applying cost effective and reliable technologies for disaster prevention, early warnings, and mitigation. Modelling by event analyses and strategy models is one way of planning ahead, but these models have so far not been linked together. An approach to this problem was taken during a large study in Hungary, the Tisza case study, where a number of policy strategies for spreading of flood loss were formulated. In these strategies, a set of parameters of particular interest were extracted from interviews with stakeholders in the region. However, the study was focused on emerging economies, and, in particular, on insurance strategies. The scope is now extended to become a functional framework also for developing countries. In general, they have a higher degree of vulnerability. The paper takes northern Vietnam as an example of a developing region. We identify important parameters and discuss their importance for flood strategy formulations. Based on the policy strategies in the Tisza case, we extract data from the strategies and propose a framework for loss spread in developing and emerging economics. The parameter set can straightforwardly be included in a simulation and decision model for policy formulation and evaluation, taking multiple stakeholders into account.
4.
van Laere, Joeri, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
Mitigating Escalation of Cascading Effects of a Payment Disruption Across Other Critical Infrastructures : Lessons Learned in 15 Simulation-Games
2020
Ingår i: Critical Information Infrastructures Security. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030376697 - 9783030376703 ; , s. 110-121
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat) abstract
A disruption in one critical infrastructure can quickly lead to cascading effects in several other ones. Much research has been done to analyze dependencies between different critical infrastructures, but little is known about how to mitigate escalation and cascading effects across several critical infrastructures, i.e. how to develop collective critical infrastructure resilience. This research presents the results of 15 simulation-games where groups of 6 to 8 field experts from different sectors were challenged to collaboratively manage a disruption in the payment system that quickly affected food distribution, fuel distribution, transport, health care et cetera. Teams discussed possible strategies, which next were implemented in a computer simulation. Teams could influence the sequence of events on 4 decision points during a 10 day scenario, and play the same scenario several times to test alternative solutions. Each simulation-game session lasted a full day. Data analysis involved the recorded team discussions as well as computer simulation logs of the implemented decisions and their impacts. The results show how escalation and the severity of cascading effects largely depends on the quality of the early crisis response and not so much on the initial disruption. Also, it is shown how cross sectorial collaboration is required. Responses where groups focus too much on cascading effects in one area lead too poor overall performance for society at large. Groups tend to overbalance their mitigating strategies initially, until they arrive at a more balanced strategy that covers challenges in several different critical infrastructures from an integral perspective.
5.
Runardotter, Mari, et al.
(författare)
Being an Archivist in our Times - Trying to Manage Long-Term Digital Preservation
2007
Ingår i: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - Sundsvall : Mittuniversitetet. - 1653-4360. ; 3:2, s. 47-61
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Information technology offers the possibility to produce and archive more recorded information than ever before. Thus it is has become feasible to preserve and have access to information in almost unlimited amounts. In sharp contrast, the situation today suggests that societal data has become significantly less accessible than was previously the case. This is both ironic and tragic. In this paper, we recognize that the cultural heritage is at risk, given current circumstances as revealed through observation and dialogue with an archivist. While there are many projects, cultural heritage institutions, government agencies and private enterprises involved in an ambitious research agenda, the majority of these are focussed on technical solutions. In contrast, we provide an indepth point of view of an archivist who is expected to preserve information in order to safeguard the long-term preservation of the cultural heritage. This report reveals the challenges as well as the systemic implications related to the full implementation of the Archival Information Systems guidelines, that fully involve archivists and users in systems design features and functionalities, in order to enable the advancement of longterm digital preservation.
6.
Ekenberg, Love, et al.
(författare)
Hazards and quality control in humanitarian demining
2018
Ingår i: International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management. - 0265-671X .- 1758-6682. ; 35:4, s. 897-913
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the adequacy of International Mine Action Standards 09.20 (IMAS 09.20) and the used standards ISO 2859 in the context of demining. Design/methodology/approach: The authors show how the actual quality level acceptable quality limit (AQL) significantly affects the average total quality cost for one lot with a single sampling plan and, consequently, the average total quality cost, and as AQL increases, the cost of rejecting a lot and the cost of sampling increase. Findings: The sampling plans for demining are not always optimal given economical and other concerns and that other mechanisms should be considered. Practical implications: Addressing opportunity costs for adopting wide samplings plans instead of clearing uncleared land per default, as well as balancing producer and consumer consequences seems, therefore, to be highly relevant from a socio-economical perspective. Originality/value The general understanding of quality management and the systems involved are limited within the mine action sector. IMAS and most national mine action standards provide only a fairly narrow description of the issue. This implies that the field is missing opportunities to achieve efficiency and effectiveness, as well as to learn from and improve upon past experiences. The authors demonstrate herein that sampling provides little additional confidence as to whether a particular area is free from explosive hazards and substantial savings can be made compared to the current practice.
7.
Fasth, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
Disagreement Constrained Action Selection in Participatory Portfolio Decision Analysis
2016
Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology. - : EJournal Publishing. - 2010-0248. ; 7:1, s. 1-7
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
In some portfolio decision problems it is not possible or interesting to constrain portfolios with a monetary budget. Instead it might be of interest to investigate how disagreement among a group of decision makers or stakeholders can be used as a constraint, and how this affects the portfolio composition. In this paper we present complementary decision evaluation methods for group portfolio decision analysis in situations where the stakeholders have conflicting preferences. The approach supports the analysis of a portfolio of planned actions in urban planning when a large group of stakeholders have inconsistent opinions with respect to the performance of each action. The group of stakeholders is, for each criterion, partitioned into two disagreeing groups based upon their views on the actions' performance. The distance between these two groups is then measured. An action's aggregated disagreement taking into account all criteria is then used as the action's associated resource constraint, and portfolios can be generated by solving a sequence of Knapsack problems. The robustness of the portfolios can be further evaluated with an a priori sensitivity analysis. The suggested approach supports decision makers by elucidating how the portfolio composition changes when the actions' aggregated disagreement increases.
8.
van Laere, Joeri, et al.
(författare)
Challenges for critical infrastructure resilience : Cascading effects of payment system disruptions
2017
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference. - Linköping : Linköping university. ; , s. 281-292, s. 281-292, s. 281-292
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Critical infrastructures become more and more entangled and rely extensively on information technology. A deeper insight into the relationships between critical infrastructures enables the actors involved to more quickly understand the severity of information technology disruptions and to identify robust cross-functional mitigating actions. This study illustrates how and why disruptions in the payment system in Sweden could create cascading effects in other critical infrastructures with potentially severe consequences for many citizens, government institutions and companies. Data from document studies, interviews and workshops with field experts reveal seven challenges for collective cross-functional critical infrastructure resilience that need to be dealt with: 1) Shortage of food, fuel, cash, medicine; 2) Limited capacity of alternative payment solutions; 3) Cities are more vulnerable than the countryside; 4) Economically vulnerable groups in society are more severely affected; 5) Trust maintenance needs; 6) Crisis communication needs; 7) Fragmentation of responsibility for critical infrastructures across many actors.
9.
10.
Asproth, Viveca, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
Simulated Decision Learning in a Multiactor Setting
2010
Ingår i: Organizacija. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1318-5454 .- 1581-1832. ; 43:3, s. 136-145
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The idea of decision analysis-and subsequent learning from the outcomes-is old within Operational Research. Here this approach to continuous improvement of decision outcomes is put one step further within the area of crisis and disaster management. This is done by introducing multiactors making simultaneous decisions with just partial information about each other. Further, decision outcomes are achieved from a simulation model rather than from the real object system.
