1.
Sutinen, Martti, et al.
(författare)
Web-Based Analytical Decision Support System
2010
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, ISDA'10. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781424481347 - 9781424481354 ; , s. 575-579
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
This paper presents a web-application supporting structured decision modelling and analysis. The application allows for decision modelling with respect to different preferences and views, allowing for numerically imprecise and vague background probabilities, values, and criteria weights, which further can be adjusted in an interactive fashion when considering calculated decision outcomes. The web-application is based on a decision tool that has been used in a large number of different domains over the last 15 years, ranging from investment decision analysis for companies to public decision support for local governments.
2.
Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
Public Decision Support - Using a DSS to Increase Democratic Transparency
2005
Ingår i: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - Sundsvall : Mittuniversitetet. - 1653-4360. ; 1:1, s. 3-25
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
We present a case study in which a decision support method (ADL) was employed by a local government in order to guide and aid decisions on three complicated and politically infected issues which had remained unresolved for many years. The research inquiry was whether a well-defined and openly accessible method would aid a common understanding of the decision problems, and whether people would be able to accept a clearly motivated decision even if politically they preferred a different option. The ADL method has been used in several public sector projects ranging from very large purchasing decisions to the selection of national policies, but this test case was novel in that it involved close inspection by the public. This case was also devised as a test of new methods for potential inclusion into normal practices. The post-case analysis shows mixed understanding of and belief in the method. The results raise issues concerning both the potential for decision support methods in a political context and the nature of political decision making.
3.
Ekenberg, Love, et al.
(författare)
Hazards and quality control in humanitarian demining
2018
Ingår i: International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management. - 0265-671X .- 1758-6682. ; 35:4, s. 897-913
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the adequacy of International Mine Action Standards 09.20 (IMAS 09.20) and the used standards ISO 2859 in the context of demining. Design/methodology/approach: The authors show how the actual quality level acceptable quality limit (AQL) significantly affects the average total quality cost for one lot with a single sampling plan and, consequently, the average total quality cost, and as AQL increases, the cost of rejecting a lot and the cost of sampling increase. Findings: The sampling plans for demining are not always optimal given economical and other concerns and that other mechanisms should be considered. Practical implications: Addressing opportunity costs for adopting wide samplings plans instead of clearing uncleared land per default, as well as balancing producer and consumer consequences seems, therefore, to be highly relevant from a socio-economical perspective. Originality/value The general understanding of quality management and the systems involved are limited within the mine action sector. IMAS and most national mine action standards provide only a fairly narrow description of the issue. This implies that the field is missing opportunities to achieve efficiency and effectiveness, as well as to learn from and improve upon past experiences. The authors demonstrate herein that sampling provides little additional confidence as to whether a particular area is free from explosive hazards and substantial savings can be made compared to the current practice.
4.
Fasth, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
Disagreement Constrained Action Selection in Participatory Portfolio Decision Analysis
2016
Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology. - : EJournal Publishing. - 2010-0248. ; 7:1, s. 1-7
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
In some portfolio decision problems it is not possible or interesting to constrain portfolios with a monetary budget. Instead it might be of interest to investigate how disagreement among a group of decision makers or stakeholders can be used as a constraint, and how this affects the portfolio composition. In this paper we present complementary decision evaluation methods for group portfolio decision analysis in situations where the stakeholders have conflicting preferences. The approach supports the analysis of a portfolio of planned actions in urban planning when a large group of stakeholders have inconsistent opinions with respect to the performance of each action. The group of stakeholders is, for each criterion, partitioned into two disagreeing groups based upon their views on the actions' performance. The distance between these two groups is then measured. An action's aggregated disagreement taking into account all criteria is then used as the action's associated resource constraint, and portfolios can be generated by solving a sequence of Knapsack problems. The robustness of the portfolios can be further evaluated with an a priori sensitivity analysis. The suggested approach supports decision makers by elucidating how the portfolio composition changes when the actions' aggregated disagreement increases.
5.
van Laere, Joeri, et al.
(författare)
Challenges for critical infrastructure resilience : Cascading effects of payment system disruptions
2017
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference. - Linköping : Linköping university. ; , s. 281-292, s. 281-292, s. 281-292
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Critical infrastructures become more and more entangled and rely extensively on information technology. A deeper insight into the relationships between critical infrastructures enables the actors involved to more quickly understand the severity of information technology disruptions and to identify robust cross-functional mitigating actions. This study illustrates how and why disruptions in the payment system in Sweden could create cascading effects in other critical infrastructures with potentially severe consequences for many citizens, government institutions and companies. Data from document studies, interviews and workshops with field experts reveal seven challenges for collective cross-functional critical infrastructure resilience that need to be dealt with: 1) Shortage of food, fuel, cash, medicine; 2) Limited capacity of alternative payment solutions; 3) Cities are more vulnerable than the countryside; 4) Economically vulnerable groups in society are more severely affected; 5) Trust maintenance needs; 6) Crisis communication needs; 7) Fragmentation of responsibility for critical infrastructures across many actors.
6.
Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
Decideit 3.0 : Software for Second-Order Based Decision Evaluations
2019
Ingår i: Proceedings of Machine Learning Research. - : JMLR-JOURNAL MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH. ; , s. 121-124, s. 121-124
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
In this paper, we discuss representation and evaluation in the DecideIT 3.0 decision tool which is based on a belief mass interpretation of the background information. The decision components are imprecise in terms of intervals and qualitative estimates and we emphasise how multiplicative and additive aggregations influence the resulting belief distribution over the expected values.
7.
Fasth, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
Portfolio Decision Analysis in Vague Domains
2012
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781467329446 ; , s. 61-65
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Portfolio Decision Analysis (PDA) is applicable in many domains and is therefore an important part of Decision Analysis (DA). PDA enables the identification of a preferred portfolio of alternatives instead of a single alternative, which is the typical case in traditional DA. The DELTA framework for interval decision analysis enables a decision maker to model and evaluate decision problems in vague domains with imprecise information, however, it does not support PDA. This paper presents an extension of the DELTA method so that portfolio decision problems can be modelled and evaluated within that framework. The extension is based on a set of reasonable requirements, and an evaluation of the PDA methods PROBE, RPM and Equity.
8.
Hansson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
Diversity and Public Decision Making
2012
Ingår i: World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology: An International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology. - : World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. - 2010-376X .- 2070-3740. ; :0071, s. 1678-1683, s. 1678-1683
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Within the realm of e-government, the development has moved towards testing new means for democratic decision-making, like e-panels, electronic discussion forums, and polls. Although such new developments seem promising, they are not problem-free, and the outcomes are seldom used in the subsequent formal political procedures. Nevertheless, process models offer promising potential when it comes to structuring and supporting transparency of decision processes in order to facilitate the integration of the public into decision-making procedures in a reasonable and manageable way. Based on real-life cases of urban planning processes in Sweden, we present an outline for an integrated framework for public decision making to: a) provide tools for citizens to organize discussion and create opinions; b) enable governments, authorities, and institutions to better analyse these opinions; and c) enable governments to account for this information in planning and societal decision making by employing a process model for structured public decision making.
9.
Kalinina, Maria, et al.
(författare)
Generating and Ordering of Transport Alternatives in Inter-Modal Logistics in the Presence of Cost, Time, and Emission Conflicts
2012
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781467329446 ; , s. 131-135
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Intelligent matching of goods and freight transports is a complex task since different transport modes, such as trains, vessels and trucks have different strengths and weaknesses. Today, however, not only transport cost and time are considered but also the low emission is regarded as an important objective in intermodal freight logistics. The paper describes an approach for generating and ordering transports alternatives in the presence of cost, time, and emission conflicts. In order to obtain a reasonable ordering for generated alternatives we propose the use of the normalized Chebyshev distance between an alternative and a reference point, herein defined as a middle point. By doing so, preference information from a decision maker may be taken into account. The approach is tested on a medium sized problem. The results are promising and indicate the possibility of using the developed method in a decision support system.
10.
Kalinina, Maria, et al.
(författare)
On the compatibility of uncertainty formalisms in multi-objective optimization
2014
Ingår i: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781614994046 - 9781614994053 ; , s. 48-58
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Multi-objective optimization is a way to manage multiple objectives in analytical decision support systems. However, for real-life problems, different types of uncertainty often become prominent when defining the model. In this paper, we analyze these different types of uncertainties and suggest a suitable typology for a decision process based upon multi-objective optimization models. Uncertainty analysis can be performed based on the proposed typology; therefore, this analysis provides the necessary support for a decision maker in the identification the crucial uncertainty in the decision process. © 2014 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.
