| 1. |
- Allen, Craig R., et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying spatial resilience
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 53:3, s. 625-635
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Anthropogenic stressors affect the ecosystems upon which humanity relies. In some cases when resilience is exceeded, relatively small linear changes in stressors can cause relatively abrupt and nonlinear changes in ecosystems. 2. Ecological regime shifts occur when resilience is exceeded and ecosystems enter a new local equilibrium that differs in its structure and function from the previous state. Ecological resilience, the amount of disturbance that a system can withstand before it shifts into an alternative stability domain, is an important framework for understanding and managing ecological systems subject to collapse and reorganization. 3. Recently, interest in the influence of spatial characteristics of landscapes on resilience has increased. Understanding how spatial structure and variation in relevant variables in landscapes affects resilience to disturbance will assist with resilience quantification, and with local and regional management. 4. Synthesis and applications. We review the history and current status of spatial resilience in the research literature, expand upon existing literature to develop a more operational definition of spatial resilience, introduce additional elements of a spatial analytical approach to understanding resilience, present a framework for resilience operationalization and provide an overview of critical knowledge and technology gaps that should be addressed for the advancement of spatial resilience theory and its applications to management and conservation.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson Linkowski, Weronika
(författare)
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Managing mountains, past and present conditions for traditional summer farming and Sami reindeer husbandry in northern Scandinavia
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditional land use and conditions for maintenance of biodiversity are often interlinked. When land use changes and ecosystems change as a result, there is a risk to loose both the traditional ecological knowledge and the biodiversity connected to this land use. This thesis focuses on traditional land use, summer farming and Sami reindeer husbandry, in the mountain areas of northern Scandinavia (mainly Sweden), in a historical and contemporary perspective. The overall aim is to contribute to the understanding of the conditions for the traditional land use in the Scandinavian (mainly Swedish) mountains, using the concepts of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and a historical-ecological perspective. Both summer farming and reindeer husbandry are under strong external pressure and face large challenges today. Some of these challenges are shared and some differ between the two types of northern pastoralism. Scandinavian summer farmers experience that different views on their land use from different authorities affect them negatively. The increasing populations of large carnivores also worry the summer farmers. Recent depredation rates are in fact of the same level as historically (around 1900). Interviews showed that traditional knowledge about protective measures had eroded during years without carnivores, but also that farming practices have changed recently and that new knowledge developed. Sami plant use has been studied historically, but information about Sami plant management of Angelica archangelica was not documented. We argue that Sami ecological knowledge should be used to ensure sustainable harvest methods. Today traditional reindeer husbandry faces severe problems due to the reduction of winter grazing land by different encroachments, most importantly from modern forestry. The negative effects are even larger since increasingly difficult winter conditions create a need for a wider range of good grazing areas. Traditional knowledge is essential in the herders´ daily work, but the usability of the knowledge is severely constrained by recent changes. In the future planning of an ecologically and socially sustainable mountain management it is necessary to work with traditional land users and integrate their traditional knowledge.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunites for Integrated Landscape Planning : the Broker, the Arena, the Tool
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape Online. - 1865-1542. ; 55, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an integrated social and ecological system, the forest landscape includes multiple values. The need for a landscape approach in land use planning is being increasingly advocated in research, policy and practice. This paper explores how institutional conditions in the forest policy and management sector can be developed to meet demands for a multifunctional landscape perspective. Departing from obstacles recognised in collaborative planning literature, we build an analytical framework which is operationalised in a Swedish context at municipal level. Our case illustrating this is Vilhelmina Model Forest, where actual barriers and opportunities for a multiple-value landscape approach are identified through 32 semi-structured interviews displaying stakeholders’ views on forest values, ownership rights and willingness to consider multiple values, forest policy and management premises, and collaboration. As an opportunity to overcome the barriers, we suggest and discuss three key components by which an integrated landscape planning approach could be realized in forest management planning: the need for a landscape coordinator (broker), the need for a collaborative forum (arena), and the development of the existing forest management plan into an advanced multifunctional landscape plan (tool).
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fetterplace, Lachlan
(författare)
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Temporal stability in a protected and isolated fish community within marine parks surrounding Lord Howe Island
- 2021
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Ingår i: Regional Studies in Marine Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4855. ; 48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote oceanic islands often display high levels of biodiversity and endemism, making them important locations for marine parks aimed at conserving biodiversity. To determine whether marine parks are reaching conservation objectives requires consistent assessments of their effectiveness through time. Lord Howe Island and Balls Pyramid are World Heritage listed remote oceanic islands in the Tasman Sea that support a diverse assemblage of fishes including many endemic and protected species. To conserve the region’s unique marine biodiversity, state and Commonwealth marine parks including no-take zones and partially protected zones open to line fishing were established. After approximately 5, 9 and 13 years of protection of shelf habitat we tested for changes in the marine park’s fish assemblage across management zones through time using baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVs). We detected no difference in total fish abundance, diversity, or assemblage composition between management zone types. The relative abundance of targeted carangids, yellowtail kingfish and silver trevally were 2 and 1.6 times greater in no-take zones than partially protected zones respectively, however, the substantial variation in their abundances among locations and sites meant that these differences were not statistically significant. No clear difference in the relative abundance of endemic, near-endemic and protected species were observed between management zone types. Generally, the abundance and diversity of fishes varied most among locations, sites and sampling years. The overall lack of difference in the fish assemblage between management zone types and its stability through time suggests current anthropogenic threats are relatively minor, and the marine park’s condition is reasonably healthy. Future surveys of the marine park’s fish assemblage will be valuable to test for body-size differences between zone types and to monitor trends in condition, particularly in response to possible changes in the number, frequency and intensity of anthropogenic threats.
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| 6. |
- Hedmark, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Test av stängseltråden RubberGuard Wire
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- RubberGuard Wire är en elstängseltråd som består av tunna metalltrådar överdragna med ledande gummi. Enligt distributörer kortsluts inte tråden till följd av kontakt med exempelvis vegetation och vatten. I den här studien undersökte vi hur den elektriska spänningen i stängseltråden RubberGuard Wire påverkas av kontakt med jord, vatten, mark och våt vegetation. Trådens prestanda bedömdes genom mätning av spänningen under olika förhållanden. Som jämförelse genomfördes parallella experiment med den typ av metalltråd (slät galvad High Tensile tråd (HT-tråd)) som rekommenderas till rovdjursavvisande stängsel.Experimenten visade att RubberGuard Wire påverkades på samma sätt som metalltråden vid kontakt med jord, vatten, mark och växtlighet. Vår slutsats är att RubberGuard Wire inte presterar bättre än en stängseltråd av metall när den kommer i kontakt med växande vegetation eller andra element som vanligtvis kortsluter elstängsel.
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| 7. |
- Kahlert, Maria
(författare)
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Benthic diatoms in streams and lakes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecological Assessment of Swedish Water Bodies; development, harmonisation and integration of biological indicators. Final report of the research programme WATERS. Deliverable 1.1-4. - 9789163920981 ; 2016:10:2016:10, s. 44-50
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Water Framework Directive was incorporated into Swedish legislation in 2004. Its aim is to develop sustainable management of European surface- and groundwater and with the implementation of the directive there was a need for development of monitoring programmes and tools for assessing water quality. In response to these needs the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency opened a call for research on "Biological assessment criteria in aquatic environments". As a result of this call, a consortium of 11 partners, was granted a total budget of 47 million SEK funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Research Grant, to pursue the research programme WATERS during 5 years. WATERS has developed better indicators and methods for classification and references in Swedish lakes, streams and coastal waters. This provides a valuable basis for a new generation of biological assessment criteria to be defined by the authorities. WATERS has also developed general methods for assessing and reducing uncertainty in classification of ecological status, as well as harmonised and transparent methods for integrated assessment. In combination, these results are expected to improve and simplify future status assessments according to the Water Framework Directive. Several teams of ecologists specialised in limnic and marine waters have contributed, led by Jacob Carstensen, Aarhus university, Richard Johnson, Swedish university of agricultural sciences, Leif Pihl, University of Gothenburg and Sofia A Wikström, Stockholm university. The programme has been coordinated by Mats Lindegarth at the Swedish institute for the marine environment. We wish to express our sincere gratitude to everyone that has contributed to the success of the programme. WATERS steering group has consisted of the coordinator, team leaders and responsible contacts at the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. These have been represented by Mats Svensson and Cecilia Lindblad respectively. The authors alone are responsible for the content of this report.
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| 8. |
- Miller, Andrea
(författare)
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The role of rodents in the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis and other tapeworms in a low endemic area
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Echinococcus multilocularis is zoonotic tapeworm in the Taeniidae family with a two part lifecycle involving a canid definitive host and a rodent intermediate host. The work of this thesis followed the first identification E. multilocularis in Sweden in 2011 in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes). The main purpose was to describe the importance of the rodents for E. multilocularis transmission in Sweden. Echinococcus multilocularis was identified in both the water vole (Arvicola amphibius) and the field vole (Microtus agrestis), but not the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) or mice (Apodemus spp). As the number of E. multilocularis positive rodents was low (n=9), the examination of other taeniid parasites was used to investigate overall parasite transmission patterns. Rodents caught in field habitat (field voles and water voles) were ten times more likely to be parasitized than rodents caught in forest habitat (bank voles and mice). These results provide further support for the importance of field- and water voles found in field habitat for cestode transmission. Still, these rodent species differ from the most common rodent intermediate hosts in central Europe, and metacestode development within these species may be limited. Thus, the presence of E. multilocularis in Sweden could be constrained by the lack of an ideal intermediate host. The distribution E. multilocularis was found to be highly aggregated with localized areas of high parasite egg contamination. Despite an extremely low national prevalence, multiple positive rodents and feces were identified in areas with known and unknown E. multilocularis status. This success is credited to the targeted sampling strategy, which was designed to focus collection efforts in areas where risk for parasite presence was estimated to be highest. This sampling strategy could be used as a basis for future risk-based sampling to detect E. multilocularis in areas where parasite prevalence is low or unknown.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Persson, Lo
(författare)
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Somalia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Global Atlas of Marine Fisheries: A critical appraisal of catches and ecosystem impacts.. - 9781610916257 ; , s. 390-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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