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Avian Behavioral and Physiological Responses to Challenging Thermal Environments and Extreme Weather Events
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birds occupy habitats ranging from Antarctic ice shelves and Arctic tundra to low-latitude deserts and lowland rainforests, and so are exposed to the full range of climates present on Earth. Cold, hot, or variable (on a variety of temporal scales) thermal conditions can present significant thermoregulatory challenges to birds, which typically must maintain body temperatures within narrow physiological tolerance limits. Such challenges may occur in all stages of the annual cycle and in all life stages of birds, so the ability to adjust to these conditions is required to maintain stable populations through time. For this Research Topic, we broadly define a challenging thermal environment as one necessitating behavioral or physiological adjustments to maintain body temperatures at levels appropriate for continued physiological function.Avian abilities to respond to extreme cold and heat are defined by thermoregulatory capacities for heat production or dissipation, respectively. Behavioral responses to temperature challenges can reduce the necessity for and magnitude of physiological adjustments, so together, physiological capacities and behavioral responses determine the probability of survival in thermally challenging situations. Moreover, thermal conditions experienced during reproduction can affect parental investment in the nesting effort and, independently, alter the course of nestling development, with potentially long-term consequences. Behavioral responses to these conditions as well as physiological responses at multiple levels of organization, from organisms to molecules, allow birds to tolerate thermal challenges. Our knowledge of the mechanisms by which birds respond, the time course for such responses, and the impacts on fitness, however, remain incompletely understood. Studies examining behavioral and physiological responses of birds to extreme and/or seasonally variable climates have been a research focus for decades, but recent advances in methods of measurement and analyses of physiological and behavioral traits have led to novel findings regarding the patterns and mechanisms by which birds adjust to challenging thermal environments.This Research Topic examines how thermal conditions in the environment pose challenges to birds and the physiological and behavioral adjustments that birds employ to meet them. Articles for this Research Topic may be original research papers, reviews, or perspectives. Specific themes that we believe are suitable for this Research Topic include, but are not limited to:• Integrative mechanisms underlying bird thermoregulatory capacities contributing to a tolerance of challenging thermal environments and their links to fitness• Influence of thermal conditions during reproduction on parental investment or nestling development• Behavioral responses to challenging thermal conditions and their mechanistic underpinnings• Time courses for physiological adjustments to environmental temperature variation• Physiological and behavioral flexibility associated with daily or seasonal temperature variation• Physiological and behavioral responses and tolerance limits during extreme weather events• Body temperature regulation under challenging thermal conditions and energy or water restrictions, including real-time field measurements and thermal imaging• Body temperature regulation and environmental or ecological drivers of hypometabolic strategies• Physiological consequences of exceeding thermoregulatory capacities
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Chemical Ecology in Aquatic Systems
- 2012
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years it has become increasingly clear that chemical interactions play a fundamental role in aquatic habitats and have far-reaching evolutionary and ecological consequences. A plethora of studies have shown that aquatic organisms from most taxa and functional groups respond to minute concentrations of chemical substances released by other organisms. However, our knowledge of this “chemical network” is still relatively undeveloped. Chemical interactions can be divided into two larger sub-areas based on the function of the chemical substance. Firstly there are those interactions where chemical substances are toxic to other organisms and are used as a defence against consumers (including both herbivores and predators), a weapon against competitors (allelopathy), or as a means of reducing overgrowth (anti-fouling). Secondly, chemical substances may be used in communication among aquatic organisms. This is particularly advantageous in aquatic environments where the use of visual signals may be reduced due to poor optical conditions, whereas chemical cues can be carried over considerable distances. Chemical Ecology of Aquatic Systems covers a wide range of studies, both plant and animal, from different geographic regions and habitats - pelagic as well as benthic. Most of the chemical interactions are similar in freshwater and marine habitats and this book therefore strives at integrating work on marine and freshwater systems.. This accessible, research level text is aimed at graduate students and professional researchers in the fields of limnology, marine ecology, evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, and chemical ecology.
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Ecological Nationalisms : Nature, Livelihoods, and Identities in South Asia
- 2014. - 2
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The works presented in this collection take environmental scholarship in South Asia into novel territory by exploring how questions of national identity become entangled with environmental concerns in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and India. The essays provide insight into the motivations of colonial and national governments in controlling or managing nature, and bring into fresh perspective the different kinds of regional political conflicts that invoke nationalist sentiment through claims on nature. In doing all this, the volume also offers new ways to think about nationalism and, more specifically, nationalism in South Asia from the vantage point of interdisciplinary environmental studies. The contributors to this innovative volume show that manifestations of nationalism have long and complex histories in South Asia. Terrestrial entities, imagined in terms of dense ecological networks of relationships, have often been the space or reference point for national aspirations, as shared memories of Mother Nature or appropriated economic, political, and religious geographies. In recent times, different groups in South Asia have claimed and appropriated ancient landscapes and territories for the purpose of locating and justifying a specific and utopian version of nation by linking its origin to their nature-mediated attachments to these landscapes. The topics covered include forests, agriculture, marine fisheries, parks, sacred landscapes, property rights, trade, and economic development. Gunnel Cederlof is associate professor of history, Uppsala University, Sweden. K. Sivaramakrishnan is professor of anthropology and international studies and director of the South Asia Center, Jackson School of International Studies, at the University of Washington. The other contributors are Nina Bhatt, Vinita Damodaran, Claude A. Garcia, Urs Geiser, Goetz Hoeppe, Bengt G. Karlsson, Antje Linkenbach, Wolfgang Mey, Kathleen D. Morrison, J. P. Pascal, and Sarah Southwold-Llewellyn.
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Ecology of woody debris in boreal forest
- 2001
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today dead trees are not only viewed upon as waste and as potential sources of pest species. Instead they have gained an increased attention as key factors for biodiversity in many ecosystems. This change in focus and concern has sparked intense research activities directed to explore the ecological role of dead trees in forest ecosystems. Focus is directed into three main areas: 1) to understand thepatterns of woody debris availability in relation to forest stand dynamics and effects of forestry, 2) the role of woody debris in nutrient and particularly carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems, and 3) the pattern and biology of the utilization of woody debris for a large number of wood-dependent species. This volume summarises the present knowledge and presents a set of case studies on the role of dead wood in boreal forests. The focus is on Fennoscandian boreal forests.However, the results presented have a wide applicability and thus the volume may serve as a general introduction to the importance of woody debris in forest ecosystems.
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Floran i Skåne. Arterna och deras utbredning
- 2007
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är det andra fristående bandet av Lunds Botaniska Förenings praktverk om floran i Skåne och utgör resultatet av Projekt Skånes Flora - den inventering av landskapets kärlväxtflora som startade 1990. I Arterna och deras utbredning presenteras de mer än 3600 växter som någon gång påträffats som vildväxande i Skåne. Under Projekt Skånes Flora har 2800 olika växter blivit funna i landskapet och i Arterna och deras utbredning visar kartor i färg utbredningen för 1570 av dessa. De vidhängande texterna ger svar på alla frågor om var, hur och varför varje enskild växt finns i just Skåne. I intressanta inledningskapitel kan du även läsa om den skånska florans geologiska förutsättningar, markegenskapernas betydelse för arternas fördelning, Skånes vegetationshistoria, kommande vegetationsförändringar, Skånes floristiska växtgeografi, sentida förändringar i Skånes flora och om kultur- och trädgårdsväxter i naturen.
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Lichenological Contributions in Honour of David Galloway.
- 2007
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- David Galloway, former president of the IAL, became 65 in May 2007. On this occasion 55 colleagues and friends contributed a Festschrift with 36 papers. The editors took the chance to invite papers in two major fields of interest of the jubilee; the history of lichenology and southern hemisphere and tropical lichenology. The historical part of the volume comprises 7 papers on 118 pages including A bibliography of David Galloway (L. Arvidsson). Special contributions are devoted to Eric Acharius (I. Kärnefelt & A. Thell), William Lauder Lindsay (D. L. Hawksworth) and Richard Spruce (M. R. D. Seaward) or to broader topics like the history of lichenology in Norway (P. M. Jørgensen), the early years of the International Association for Lichenology (I. Kärnefelt & A. Thell) and the history of the Uppsala lichen herbarium (R. Moberg: What a visitor’s book reveals). The major part with nearly 500 pages presents a wide range of taxonomic or floristic novelties from the Southern Hemisphere but also 4 papers on lichen ecology. 13 species are named in honour of David Galloway in the present volume. They are listed on page 28 at the end of the bibliography; but unfortunately there is no list of the many other taxonomic novelties and changes introduced in the volume. Three new genera are proposed: Catillochroma Kalb in the Megalariaceae, Davidgallowaya Aptroot in the Parmeliaceae s.l. and Gallaicolichen Sérusiaux & Lücking. Taxonomic changes (mostly new taxa) are presented in the following genera: Anzia, Bacidia, Bilimbia, Caloplaca, Candelaria, Carbonea, Chiodecton, Cladonia, Coccocarpia, Coenogonium, Cryptolechia, Dactylospora, Haematomma, Himantormia, Hypotrachyna, Leptogium, Megalaria, Menegazzia, Parmelia, Parmeliopsis, Parmotrema, Punctelia, Ramalina, Relicina, Rimularia, Roccella, Sphaerellothecium, Teloschistes, Tephromela, Thelotrema and Trapelia. There is also a number of keys included in various papers: cetrarioid lichens in the southern hemisphere (T. Randlane & A. Saag), Coccocarpia in Costa Rica (R. Lücking et al.), Cryptolechia all species (K. Kalb), Ramalina osorioi group in South America (H. Kashiwadani et al.) and Teloschistes in Africa (P. Frödén & I. Kärnefelt). To highlight the variety of topics the 2 most extended papers might be mentioned. In a paper entitled New species of the genus Caloplaca in Australia (S. Ya. Kodratyul et al.) no less than 19 new species are described. Under the title A contribution to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi and lichens occurring in New Zealand (J. Hafellner & H. Mayrhofer) data on 60 taxa are presented of which 28 represent new country records. Limited space does not allow to mention more single contributions. The editors Ingvar and Arne did an impressive job by organizing and editing such a huge and important volume but nevertheless a few shortcommings must be mentioned: on page 43 and 47 a paragraph of 14 lines is printed twice and on page 43 in the second line the word "clerynen" appears which should be read as "clergymen". Few photograph illustrations are of lower quality because of the use of scanned copies instead of the original photographs (e.g. p. 57).
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