| 1. |
- McGreevy, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Problems at the human-horse interface and prospects for smart textile solutions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-7878 .- 1878-7517. ; 9:1, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The significant potential for so-called “smart textiles” in the design of the next generation of devices that measure pressure, tension, moisture, and heat at the humanehorse interface is discussed in this article. Research techniques from theoretical and experimental physics laboratories, combined with wireless technology, can be readily adapted to measure and store metrics for numerous variables in equine structure and function. Activities, such as breathing, the extension and flexion of joints, limb kinematics, and cardiac function, can be logged as indicators of physiological and behavioral conditioning (training). Such metrics may also, one day, support veterinary diagnostics but also play a role in safeguarding sporthorse welfare, especially in elite contexts where the horse may be pushed to its functional limits. As such, they are likely to emerge as an area of great interest to equitation and welfare scientists. It is important to note that smart textiles sense and react to exogenous stimuli via integrated sensors. So, beyond the equitation science laboratory, the emergence of polymers and smart materials may enhance the effectiveness of, or challenge us to completely rethink, traditional items of saddlery, thus improving equitation. The integration of smart textiles in all sorts of extant and emergent equipment for everyday equestrians could, in the future, lead to equipment that responds appropriately to the demands of equitation in its various forms. Rethinking equitation through physics and the use of smart textiles seems to have merit in that it is a novel means of both investigating and addressing problems that compromise the welfare and performance of horses. The purpose of this article is to envision the use of smart textiles in research, clinical, equestrian, and horse care contexts.
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| 2. |
- Hagsten, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Composition and structure of high temperature dairy fouling
- 2016
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Ingår i: Food Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-3291. ; 7, s. 13-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fouling structure and composition is dependent on the product, but also on the heating process applied to it. The structure will have profound effect on the cleaning process and the down time in the production plant. Here, the structure of high temperature (137 °C) milk fouling has been investigated, which so far has not been sufficiently studied in a systematic way. This particular fouling has a high content of the mineral calcium phosphate and a relatively low concentration of protein. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) reveals a crystalline structure of calcium phosphate in agreement to the chemical analysis of the bulk layer. Microscopic investigations visualize the heterogeneous structure and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) shows a spatial variation of the elements through the radius of the sample.
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| 3. |
- Schuster, Erich, et al.
(författare)
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Interplay between flow and diffusion in capillary alginate hydrogels
- 2016
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 12:17, s. 3897-3907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alginate gels with naturally occurring macroscopic capillaries have been used as a model system to study the interplay between laminar flow and diffusion of nanometer-sized solutes in real time. Calcium alginate gels that contain homogeneously distributed parallel-aligned capillary structures were formed by external addition of crosslinking ions to an alginate sol. The effects of different flow rates (0, 1, 10, 50 and 100 μl min-1) and three different probes (fluorescein, 10 kDa and 500 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran) on the diffusion rates of the solutes across the capillary wall and in the bulk gel in between the capillaries were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The flow in the capillaries was produced using a syringe pump that was connected to the capillaries via a tube. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an open aggregated structure close to the capillary wall, followed by an aligned network layer and the isotropic network of the bulk gel. The most pronounced effect was observed for the 1 nm-diameter fluorescein probe, for which an increase in flow rate increased the mobility of the probe in the gel. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching confirmed increased mobility close to the channel, with increasing flow rate. Mobility maps derived using raster image correlation spectroscopy showed that the layer with the lowest mobility corresponded to the anisotropic layer of ordered network chains. The combination of microscopy techniques used in the present study elucidates the flow and diffusion behaviors visually, qualitatively and quantitatively, and represents a promising tool for future studies of mass transport in non-equilibrium systems.
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| 4. |
- Vitalis Pemunta, Ngambouk, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Modern State Law: Regulating Tradition or Protecting the Environment in the Mankon Kingdom of Northwest Cameroon?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Endemic Species. Eusebio Cano Carmona (red.). - London, United Kingdom : Intechopen. - 9781839623547
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most African countries including Cameroon find themselves in a situation of legal pluralism and at crossroads with implications for the sustainable management of natural resources. Traditional institutions and knowledge systems have been hailed as invaluable mechanisms for the conservation of flora and fauna. This chapter examines the conflict between traditional institutions and State law in the hierarchically stratified Mankon Kingdom of the Grassfield region of Northwest Cameroon where the latter prohibits the harvesting of culturally valuable plant and animal species for myriad ritual ceremonies and for therapeutic purposes. It demonstrates that the lack of cultural sensitivity can be antithetical to conservation initiatives. In other words, there is the need to align current legislative regulations for the management of natural species with the traditional use of territory, gender roles as well as to raise the cultural and educational level of the population through sensitization on the need to conserve the natural environment on which their culture depends for its survival.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hanstorp, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Simulation and Experimental Scheme for Monitoring Hoof Wall Structure and Health in Sport Horses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. - : SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. - 9789897582059 ; , s. 171-175
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides a computational model developed to demonstrate the possibility of monitoring hoof structure and health in equestrian sport. This is achieved by employing finite element simulation of threedimensional heat flow from a surface heat source into a hoof structure while simultaneously sensing the surface temperature. The time evolution of the recorded surface temperature, transient curve, is used to investigate hoof structure and predict its intactness by comparing these curves for three different models. We have observed differences between the transient curves obtained from a normal hoof structure, a hoof structure containing a foreign material and hoof capsule subjected to wall separation. An experimental method for probing hoof profile was briefly discussed. It uses temperature sensor/heat source. The method can determine the thermal conductivity of the hoof along the hoof structure from the recorded transient curve. Thus, it displays the hoof structure by utilizing the thermal conductivity variation between the hoof parts.
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| 7. |
- Palmqvist, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Maghemite Nanoparticles Acts as Nanozymes, Improving Growth and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Brassica napus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nanoscale Research Letters. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7573 .- 1556-276X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yttrium doping-stabilized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were studied for its potential to serve as a plant fertilizer and, through enzymatic activity, support drought stress management. Levels of both hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, after drought, were reduced when γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were delivered by irrigation in a nutrient solution to Brassica napus plants grown in soil. Hydrogen peroxide was reduced from 151 to 83 μM g−1 compared to control, and the malondialdehyde formation was reduced from 36 to 26 mM g−1. Growth rate of leaves was enhanced from 33 to 50% growth compared to fully fertilized plants and SPAD-measurements of chlorophyll increased from 47 to 52 suggesting improved agronomic properties by use of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles as fertilizer as compared to chelated iron.
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| 8. |
- Finell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory-scale production of biofuel pellets from electron beam treated Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) sawdust
- 2009
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Ingår i: Radiation Physics and Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-806X. ; 78, s. 281-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of electron beam (EB) treatment on pine sawdust used as raw material for fuel pellets was studied. Dry sawdust was EB treated at different dosage levels up to 100 kGy. The effect of EB treatment on fatty and resin acid composition was studied for different dosage levels and compared to untreated sawdust. Pellets were pressed in a laboratory single pellet press unit according to a D-optimal, response surface modeling (RSM) experimental design, where sawdust moisture content and die temperature were varied independently for EB treatment dosages of 0, 18.2 and 48.9 kGy. The responses of the designed experiment were density and strength for the produced pellets. The results showed that the free fatty and resin acid content in the sawdust initially decreased with increasing EB doses but at the highest EB doses it increased. The total content of extractives however initially increased and then decreased with increasing EB dose. Pellets made of EB treated sawdust had a significantly (at 95% confidence level) higher density and compressive strength than pellets made from untreated sawdust. EB treated sawdust behaved similarly to stored (mature) sawdust as a pellet raw material. Thus, EB treatment opens the possibility for controlled ageing (maturation) of pellet raw materials.
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| 9. |
- Persson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Application of a Monte Carlo method to the uncertainty assessment in in situ gamma-ray spectrometry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0265-931X .- 1879-1700. ; 187, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ gamma-ray spectrometry has since the introduction of portable germanium detectors been a widely used method for the assessment of radionuclide ground deposition activity levels. It is, however, a method that is most often associated with fairly large and, more important, poorly known combined measurement uncertainties. In this work an uncertainty analysis of in situ gamma ray spectrometry in accordance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements is presented. The uncertainty analysis takes into account uncertainty contributions from the calibration of the detector system, the assumed activity distribution in soil, soil density, detector height and air density. As a result, measurement results from in situ gamma spectrometry will serve as a better basis for decision-making in e.g. radiological emergencies.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Wheat gluten polymer structures : The impact of genotype, environment, and processing on their functionality in various applications
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cereal Chemistry. - 0009-0352 .- 1943-3638. ; 90:4, s. 367-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For a number of applications, gluten protein polymer structures are of the highest importance in determining end-use properties. The present article focuses on gluten protein structures in the wheat grain, genotype- and environment-related changes, protein structures in various applications, and their impact on quality. Protein structures in mature wheat grain or flour are strongly related to end-use properties, although influenced by genetic and environment interactions. Nitrogen availability during wheat development and genetically determined plant development rhythm are the most important parameters determining the gluten protein polymer structure, although temperature during plant development interacts with the impact of the mentioned parameters. Glutenin subunits are the main proteins incorporated in the gluten protein polymer in extracted wheat flour. During dough mixing, gliadins are also incorporated through disulfide-sulfhydryl exchange reactions. Gluten protein polymer size and complexity in the mature grain and changes during dough formation are important for breadmaking quality. When using the gluten proteins to produce plastics, additional proteins are incorporated in the polymer through disulfide-sulfhydryl exchange, sulfhydryl oxidation, β-eliminations with lanthionine formation, and isopeptide formation. In promising materials, the protein polymer structure is changed toward β-sheet structures of both intermolecular and extended type and a hexagonal close-packed structure is found. Increased understanding of gluten protein polymer structures is extremely important to improve functionality and end-use quality of wheat- and gluten-based products.
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