| 1. |
- Ecke, Frauke, et al.
(författare)
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Spatio-temporal variation of metals and organic contaminants in bank voles (Myodes glareolus)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental contamination with metals and organic compounds is of increasing concern for ecosystem and human health. Still, our knowledge about spatial distribution, temporal changes and ecotoxicological fate of metals and organic contaminants in wildlife is limited. We studied concentrations of 69 elements and 50 organic compounds in 300 bank voles (Myodes glareolus), Europe's most common mammal, sampled in spring and autumn 2017–2018 in five monitoring areas, representing three biogeographic regions. In addition, we compared measured concentrations with previous results from bank voles sampled within the same areas in 1995–1997 and 2001. In general, our results show regional differences, but no consistent patterns among contaminants and study areas. The exception was for the lowest concentrations of organic contaminants (e.g. perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFOS), which were generally found in the northern Swedish mountain area. Concentrations of metals and organic contaminants in adults varied seasonally with most organic contaminants being higher in spring; likely induced by diet shifts but potentially also related to age differences. In addition, metal concentrations varied between organs (liver vs. kidney), age classes (juveniles vs. adults; generally higher in adults) as well as between males and females. Concentrations of chromium and nickel in kidney and liver in the northernmost mountain area were lower in 2017–2018 than in 1995–1997 and in three of four areas, lead concentrations were lower in 2017–2018 than in 2001. Current metal concentrations (except mercury) are not expected to negatively affect the voles. Concentrations of hexachlorobenzene displayed highest concentrations in 2001 in the mountains, while it was close to detection limit in 2017–2018. Likewise, PFOS concentrations decreased in the mountains and in south-central lowland forests between 2001 and 2017–2018. Our results suggest that season, age class and sex need to be considered when designing and interpreting results from monitoring programs targeting inorganic and organic contaminants in wildlife.
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| 2. |
- Conrad, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of Fe isotopes in particles and colloids in the salinity gradient along the Lena River plume, Laptev Sea
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : European Geosciences Union (EGU). - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 16:6, s. 1305-1319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Riverine Fe input is the primary Fe source for the ocean. This study is focused on the distribution of Fe along the Lena River freshwater plume in the Laptev Sea using samples from a 600 km long transect in front of the Lena River mouth. Separation of the particulate ( > 0.22 μm), colloidal (0.22 μm–1 kDa), and truly dissolved (< 1 kDa) fractions of Fe was carried out. The total Fe concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 57μM with Fe dominantly as particulate Fe. The loss of > 99% of particulate Fe and about 90% of the colloidal Fe was observed across the shelf, while the truly dissolved phase was almost constant across the Laptev Sea. Thus, the truly dissolved Fe could be an important source of bioavailable Fe for plankton in the central Arctic Ocean, together with the colloidal Fe. Fe-isotope analysis showed that the particulate phase and the sediment below the Lena River freshwater plume had negative δ56Fe values (relative to IRMM-14). The colloidal Fe phase showed negative δ56Fe values close to the river mouth (about -0.20 ‰) and positive δ56Fe values in the outermost stations (about +0.10 ‰). We suggest that the shelf zone acts as a sink for Fe particles and colloids with negative δ56Fe values, representing chemically reactive ferrihydrites. The positive δ56Fe values of the colloidal phase within the outer Lena River freshwater plume might represent Fe oxyhydroxides, which remain in the water column, and will be the predominant δ56Fe composition in the Arctic Ocean.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Pallavicini, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Ranges of B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sr, Tl, and Zn Concentrations and Isotope Ratios in Environmental Matrices from an Urban Area
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Spectroscopy. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-4920 .- 2314-4939. ; , s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isotopic information may provide powerful insight into the elemental cycling processes which occur in natural compartments. Further implementation of isotopic techniques in natural sciences requires a better understanding of the range of elemental and isotopic compositional variability in environmental matrices. This study assesses the local-scale concentration and isotopic composition variability of nine elements: boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr), thallium (Tl), and zinc (Zn) in lysimetric waters, mushrooms, litter, needles, leaves, and lichens. Sequential extractions were also performed on soil samples from 6 depth profiles providing more detailed information on the variability of elemental concentrations and isotope ratios between the elemental pools present in soil. For most of the sample types studied the range of isotopic variability between samples spans almost the entire ranges reported in the literature for natural samples. These results represent a starting point for discussing the role of natural variability in isotopic studies (for example, as a limiting factor in the use of isotopic mixing models) and a baseline for future in-depth studies examining the controls on isotope fraction in natural systems
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| 5. |
- Rodushkin, Ilia, et al.
(författare)
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Application of double-focusing sector field ICP-MS for determination of ultratrace constituents in samples characterized by complex composition of the matrix
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 622-623, s. 203-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of double focusing, sector fieldmass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) for determination of analytes, including technology critical elements (TCE), at ultra-trace levels in environmental and clinical matrices was critically evaluated. Different configurations of the ICP-SFMS introduction system as well as various sample preparations, pre-concentration andmatrix separation methods were employed and compared. Factors affecting detection capabilities and accuracy of data produced (instrumental sensitivity, contamination risks, purity of reagents, spectral interferences, matrix effects, analyte recovery and losses) were discussed. Optimized matrixspecific methods were applied to a range of reference and control materials (riverine, brackish and seawaters; whole blood, serumand urine) as well as tap water and snow samples collected in the area of Lulea city, northern Sweden; brackish and seawater from the Laptev Sea; venous blood samples with a special emphasis on determination of Au, Ag, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, Sb and Te. Even though these low abundant elements are relatively under-documented, the results produced were compared with published data, where available.
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| 6. |
- Sutliff-Johansson, Stacy, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Monitoring of Technology Critical Elements in contaminated Sediments in the Bothnian Bay, Northern Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Emerging technologies often are based on a variety of elements, some of which are in high demand for their importance in technological applications but are in relatively short supply. These technology critical elements (TCE) are often insufficiently researched and their natural abundance and behavior in environmental systems can be poorly understood or not known. The increase in demand of TCEs promotes a growth in their dissemination into the environment through anthropogenic means, and a lack of information on their natural abundances and behavior could have adverse effects on communities and natural habitats. This study investigated sediments affected by industrial activity in the Kallholm Bay and the open Bothnian Bay in Northern Sweden. Activities in the area include sulphide ore processing at the Rönnskär smelter as well as secondary scrap metal and end of life electronic recycling. The vertical distribution of TCEs (Ge, Te, Tl, Re, Ta, W, Ga, Nb and REE) were investigated in sediment cores collected in Kallholm Bay and the open Bothnian Bay. Determination of concentrations was achieved through Inductively Coupled Plasma–Sector Field Mass Spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). Fractionation of TCEs and REEs in the sediments was also investigated using a 5-step sequential extraction procedure. Evaluation of anthropogenically impacted sediments showed enrichment of all elements excluding Ga, Nb and the REEs, which are suspected to be of natural origin. Enrichment of Ge, Te, Tl, and Re were assumed to be related to sulphide ore processing whereas Ta and W were related to scrap metal and electronic processing. Several elements (Ge, Tl and Te) showed a change in geochemical behavior related to anthropogenic activity. Only Te showed an increase in the Bothnian Bay sediments related to anthropogenic activity.
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| 7. |
- Baxter, Douglas, et al.
(författare)
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Methylmercury measurement in whole blood by isotope-dilution GC-ICPMS with 2 sample preparation methods
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 53:1, s. 111-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite its known toxicity, methylmercury is rarely measured directly in clinical studies; instead, conclusions are based on total mercury measurements. We have developed isotope-dilution-based methods for methylmercury-specific analysis of whole blood by coupled gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICPMS). Methods: We analyzed animal and human blood samples after alkaline digestion or extraction of methylmercury into dichloromethane and back extraction into water. Methylmercury was converted to the volatile ethyl derivative, purged, and trapped on a solid-phase collection medium, and then introduced into the GC-ICPMS system. Results: Limits of quantification were 0.4 and 0.03 mu g/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 with the alkaline digestion and extraction methods, respectively. Extraction met our selected acceptable total error criterion, with an SD of 0.58 mu g/L at the critical maternal blood concentration of 5.8 mu g/L.Results obtained with alkaline digestion indicated the need for improved random analytical uncertainty, which was achieved by increasing the enrichment of the isotope dilution. For 37 blood samples, the mean (SD) proportion of total mercury present as methylmercury was 60 (27)%, range 6%-100%.Conclusions: The combination of extraction and isotope-dilution GC-ICPMS meets the requirements for use as a reference method for measuring methylmercury in whole blood.
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| 8. |
- Baxter, Douglas, et al.
(författare)
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Revised exponential model for mass bias correction using an internal standard for isotope abundance ratio measurements by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0267-9477 .- 1364-5544. ; 21:4, s. 427-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An internal standard (IS) can be used to account for moderate, matrix-related shifts in mass bias using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry through the empirical, linear relationship between measured isotope abundance ratios for different elements in ln-ln space. Unfortunately, erroneous mass bias corrected isotope abundance ratios may be returned by the model, requiring artificial adjustment of the true isotope abundance ratio of the IS. Although inadequate correction for peak tailing has been convincingly used to explain this problem, our analysis of the literature describing the development of the mass bias correction model using an IS reveals the presence of a source of systematic error. The origin of this error is purely mathematical and is eliminated in the revised model presented, in which mass bias corrected isotope abundance ratios are independent of the isotopic composition of the IS. An expression for computing the total combined uncertainty in the corrected ratio, incorporating contributions from the linear model, the isotopic reference material, and measurements of analyte element and IS in the sample, is also derived.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Boman, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Isotopic variations of Fe and Zn in Finnish acid sulfate soils
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th World Congress of Soil Science. - 9780646537832 ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of a Neptune high-resolution MC-ICP-MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in this study has enabled high precision measurements of Fe and Zn isotopic ratios in Finnish acid sulfate soils in one near shore area (Vassor) and one inland area (Rintala).
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