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| 2. |
- Pallavicini, Nicola, et al.
(author)
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Ranges of B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sr, Tl, and Zn Concentrations and Isotope Ratios in Environmental Matrices from an Urban Area
- 2018
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In: Journal of Spectroscopy. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-4920 .- 2314-4939. ; , s. 1-17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Isotopic information may provide powerful insight into the elemental cycling processes which occur in natural compartments. Further implementation of isotopic techniques in natural sciences requires a better understanding of the range of elemental and isotopic compositional variability in environmental matrices. This study assesses the local-scale concentration and isotopic composition variability of nine elements: boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr), thallium (Tl), and zinc (Zn) in lysimetric waters, mushrooms, litter, needles, leaves, and lichens. Sequential extractions were also performed on soil samples from 6 depth profiles providing more detailed information on the variability of elemental concentrations and isotope ratios between the elemental pools present in soil. For most of the sample types studied the range of isotopic variability between samples spans almost the entire ranges reported in the literature for natural samples. These results represent a starting point for discussing the role of natural variability in isotopic studies (for example, as a limiting factor in the use of isotopic mixing models) and a baseline for future in-depth studies examining the controls on isotope fraction in natural systems
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Mikael D., et al.
(author)
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Determination of major and trace elements in sphalerite using laser ablation double focusing sector field ICP-MS
- 2001
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In: Journal of Geochemical Exploration. - 0375-6742 .- 1879-1689. ; 72:2, s. 81-89
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The analytical performance of laser ablation (LA) for the determination of Co, Fe, Cd, Ag, Mn, Cu and S in sphalerite was evaluated using double focusing sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). Samples were collected from Zinkgruvan, situated in the south central Sweden. The use of Zn for internal standardisation, together with correction for FeS impurities in sphalerite, allows straightforward quantification without using external methods for the determination of the actual Zn content. LA-ICP-SFMS results were compared with data obtained by conventional pneumatic nebulisation introduction of sample solutions following acid digestion. Good agreement between the two methods was obtained for homogeneously distributed elements. For the majority of the elements under consideration, LA-ICP-SFMS precision was better than 10% RSD.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, Mikael D., et al.
(author)
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Multielemental analysis of Mn–Fe nodules by ICP-MS: optimisation of analytical method
- 2002
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In: The Analyst. - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; 127:1, s. 76-82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two acid digestion procedures (microwave-assisted and room temperature) were developed for the quantitative analysis of ferromanganese nodules by inductively coupled plasma double focusing sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). Different compositions of the acid mixture, dilution factors and corrections for spectral interferences were tested. A combination of nitric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids is necessary for complete sample digestion, with lowest acid to sample ratios (v/m) of 15 and 1.5. respectively, for the last two acids. Sample dilution factors higher than 2 X 104 should be used in order to decrease matrix effects and provide robust long-term instrumental operation. In spite of high dilution. method detection limits in the sub-mug g(-1) range were obtained for 54 out of 71 elements tested. due to the high detection capability of ICP-SFMS, as well as the special care taken to ensure the purity of reagents, to clean the instrument sample introduction system and to minimise sample handling. Owing to the presence of unresolved (at the resolution available) spectral interferences, accurate determination of Au, Hg, Os, Pd, Re and Rh is impossible without matrix separation. The accuracy of the entire analytical method was tested by the analysis of two nodule reference materials. The results generated agreed to within +/-2% for about 10, within +/-10% for more than 40 and within +/-20% for about 50 of 53 elements for which certified, recommended or literature values are available. A precision better than 3%, expressed as the between-digestion relative standard deviation (n=4). was obtained for the majority of elements, except in cases limited by low analyte concentrations
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| 5. |
- Baxter, Douglas, et al.
(author)
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Methylmercury measurement in whole blood by isotope-dilution GC-ICPMS with 2 sample preparation methods
- 2007
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In: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 53:1, s. 111-116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Despite its known toxicity, methylmercury is rarely measured directly in clinical studies; instead, conclusions are based on total mercury measurements. We have developed isotope-dilution-based methods for methylmercury-specific analysis of whole blood by coupled gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICPMS). Methods: We analyzed animal and human blood samples after alkaline digestion or extraction of methylmercury into dichloromethane and back extraction into water. Methylmercury was converted to the volatile ethyl derivative, purged, and trapped on a solid-phase collection medium, and then introduced into the GC-ICPMS system. Results: Limits of quantification were 0.4 and 0.03 mu g/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 with the alkaline digestion and extraction methods, respectively. Extraction met our selected acceptable total error criterion, with an SD of 0.58 mu g/L at the critical maternal blood concentration of 5.8 mu g/L.Results obtained with alkaline digestion indicated the need for improved random analytical uncertainty, which was achieved by increasing the enrichment of the isotope dilution. For 37 blood samples, the mean (SD) proportion of total mercury present as methylmercury was 60 (27)%, range 6%-100%.Conclusions: The combination of extraction and isotope-dilution GC-ICPMS meets the requirements for use as a reference method for measuring methylmercury in whole blood.
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| 6. |
- Baxter, Douglas, et al.
(author)
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Serum/plasma methylmercury determination by isotope dilution gas chromatography : inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- 2011
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In: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 701:2, s. 134-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method for the determination of methylmercury in plasma and serum samples was developed. The method uses isotope dilution with 198Hg-labelled methylmercury, extraction into dichloromethane, back-extraction into water, aqueous-phase ethylation, purge and trap collection, thermal desorption, separation by gas chromatography, and mercury isotope specific detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. By spiking 2 mL sample with 1.2 ng tracer, measurements in a concentration interval of (0.007–2.9) μg L−1 could be performed with uncertainty amplification factors <2. A limit of quantification of 0.03 μg L−1 was estimated at 10 times the standard deviation of concentrations measured in preparation blanks. Within- and between-run relative standard deviations were <10% at added concentration levels of 0.14 μg L−1, 0.35 μg L−1 and 2.8 μg L−1, with recoveries in the range 82% to 110%. Application of the method to 50 plasma/serum samples yielded a median (mean; range) concentration of methylmercury of 0.081 (0.091; <0.03–0.19) μg L−1. This is the first time methylmercury has been directly measured in this kind of specimen, and is therefore the first estimate of a reference range.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Boman, Anton, et al.
(author)
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Isotopic variations of Fe and Zn in Finnish acid sulfate soils
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the 19th World Congress of Soil Science. - 9780646537832 ; , s. 1-4
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of a Neptune high-resolution MC-ICP-MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in this study has enabled high precision measurements of Fe and Zn isotopic ratios in Finnish acid sulfate soils in one near shore area (Vassor) and one inland area (Rintala).
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| 9. |
- Engström, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of the silicon isotopic composition of the terrestrial biogenic output from a boreal forest in Northern Sweden
- 2007
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In: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 71:15s, s. A256-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- During the last decade, the potential plant impact on the biogeochemical cycle of Si via the large terrestrial biogenic Si reservoir formed by vegetation has attracted considerable interest. It has been concluded that the release of silicic acid from dissolution of soil phytoliths might exceed the Si mobilized by weathering of Si-containing primary minerals, which implies that the biogenic contribution to the total content of Si in the soil profile must be considered in weathering studies. Information about Si isotopes can potentially be used for differentiation between relative contributions from biogenic and mineral sources in natural waters, soil solutions and plants. This would, however, require thorough characterization of the terrestrial biogenic Si reservoir, a task that received somewhat limited attention to date. The aim of the present study was to characterize the Si isotopic composition of a boreal forest, with bedrock consisting of dolomitic limestone, in Northern Sweden. Representative biomass from the forest area exhibited a surprisingly homogenous Si isotopic composition, ranging from δ29Si (-0.14 ± 0.05)‰ (2σ) to (0.13 ± 0.04)‰. Further, a change in the Si isotopic composition of (+0.39 ± 0.04)‰ has been detected in Leymus arenarius, indicating predominant accumulation of heavier isotopes from spring to autumn. Recent studies of Si isotopic composition in plants have been focused on the root uptake of dissolved silicic acid as the only Si accumulation path. Results acquired during the present study provide compelling evidence to suggest that exogenous Si is also incorporated in the surface structure of the plant material. A surface contribution in excess of 5% of the total Si would introduce a significant shift in the bulk isotopic composition (>0.1‰) assuming that the exogenous material differed by 2‰ from the biogenic Si. This strongly suggests that the surface contribution must be carefully considered during in situ uptake studies.
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| 10. |
- Engström, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Chromatographic purification for the determination of dissolved silicon isotopic composition in natural waters by high-resolution multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- 2006
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In: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 78:1, s. 250-257
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A procedure is described for accurate Si isotope ratio measurements by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). Dissolved silicon was preconcentrated and separated from other elements present in natural surface waters using anion-exchange chromatography. The optimized procedure provides virtually complete elimination of major inorganic constituents while maintaining Si recovery in excess of 97%. High-resolution capabilities of MC-ICPMS used in this study allow interference-free measurements of 28Si and 29Si isotopes using conventional solution nebulization sample introduction without aerosol desolvation. Owing to the magnitude of polyatomic ion contributions in the region of mass 30, mostly from 14N16O+, measurements of the 30Si isotope can be affected by tailing of the interference signals, making exact matching of analyte and nitric acid concentrations in all measurement solutions mandatory. Isotope abundance ratio measurements were performed using the bracketing standards approach and on-line correction for mass-bias variations using an internal standard (Mg). Uncertainties, expressed as 95% confidence intervals, for replication of the entire procedure are better than ±0.18" for δ29Si and ±0.5" for δ30Si. For the first time with MC-ICPMS, the quality of Si isotope abundance ratio measurements could be verified using a three-isotope plot. All samples studied were isotopically heavier than the IRMM-018 Si isotopic reference material.
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