| 1. |
- Buckland, Philip I., 1973-
(författare)
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The Bugs Coleopteran Ecology Package (BugsCEP) : the development and implementation of software for palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatological research
- 2009
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book describes the development and practical application of a unique database orientated software package, BugsCEP, for environmental, climatic and biodiversity reconstruction from beetle assemblages. BugsCEP consists of a database of ecology and distribution data for over 9400 insect taxa, and includes temperature tolerance data for 436 species. It contains abundance and summary data for over 770 sites, most of the known European Quaternary fossil coleopteran record, supported by a bibliography of over 3700 sources. Built in statistics, including a specially developed habitat classification system, provide semi-quantitative environmental reconstructions to aid in the interpretation of sites. BugsCEP's querying and reporting functions also increase the efficiency with which analyses can be undertaken, including the facility to explore the fossil record of species by searching ecology and distribution data. The Mutual Climatic Range (MCR) reconstruction method is implemented and improved upon, including predictive modelling and the graphical output of reconstructions and climate space maps. BugsCEP is available from www.bugscep.com.
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| 2. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Models : Red Atoms, White Lies and Black Boxes in a Yellow Book
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 3. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Models
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Chen, Deliang, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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European Trend Atlas of Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Records
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Atlas presents records of climatic variability and change in Europe starting before 1901 and focuses especially on trends of extreme temperatures and precipitation. The authors have used software developed within EMULATE (European and North Atlantic daily to MULtidecadal climATE variability) to obtain the extremes indices and temporal trends. The trend atlas provides an easy way to identify spatial patterns for a given time period, region, season, and index. The Atlas clearly shows that climate in Europe has changed over the last 100 to 150 years, such that the occurrence and intensity of warm temperature extremes have increased. Precipitation extremes have also changed, but with a less clear pattern compared to the temperature extremes.
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| 6. |
- Omstedt, Anders, 1949
(författare)
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Connecting Analytical Thinking and Intuition: And the Nights Abound with Inspiration
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this book, analytical thinking and intuition are illustrated based on my personal experience of working in marine research and in dream groups. The book will stimulate students and scientists to improve their thinking and communicating skills and to increase their joy in learning more about being human. This guide on connecting analytical thinking and intuition is inspired by the dream group method developed by Montague Ullman, in which a group of six to eight people systematically and carefully helps the dreamer to appreciate his or her dreams. The importance of the good memories that can be trained through recalling one’s dreams is discussed in relation to science and literature. The analytical scientific process and intuition are illustrated in several figures and photos, and creative and stimulating exercises are suggested.
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| 7. |
- Omstedt, Anders, 1949
(författare)
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Guide to process based modelling of lakes and coastal seas. Second Edition.
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Guide to Process Based Modeling of Lakes and Coastal Seas is based on a series of lectures delivered to students at advanced and Ph.D. levels at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg. It is intended to provide the reader with a scientific understanding and well-tested computer code for successful aquatic studies. The intended reader should have some knowledge of geophysical fluid dynamics, numerical analysis, and computer programming. The structure of the Guide allows readers to develop their understanding gradually. Incorporating a range of exercises with solutions, the Guide is a comprehensive teaching aid. Learning via a combination of reading, analyzing observations, and building computer models is a very rewarding process. This approach also makes it possible for the learner to follow scientific developments, test new ideas, and evaluate research results. The second edition was prepared some years after the first one. Interesting progress in modeling coastal seas was made during this period, and concern has increased as to the importance of considering multiple stressors acting on the seas. Coastal seas are under severe human-induced pressures, such as global climate change, excess nutrient release, pollution, ammunition dumping, overfishing, and various engineering-based modifications, including the strong growth of coastal settlement, hydro- and nuclear power plants, massive wind farms, and various bridge and tunnel crossings. At the same time, coastal areas are used for many purposes, such as intensive agriculture, shipping, and recreation. Ocean acidification has emerged as a key research priority for marine science, and only recently, this has been addressed in coastal seas. The combination of acidification and increasing amounts of anoxic waters associated with eutrophication puts severe stress on the marine environment. The detection and attribution of anthropogenic changes in coastal seas are therefore crucial, and modeling tools are increasingly important. In the second edition, the presentation of biogeochemical aspects has been rewritten and Sect. 4.8, “Modeling the Dynamics of CO2 in Redox Environments,” has been added. Modeling the marine CO2–O2 system makes climate change and eutrophication studies possible and is fundamental to understanding the Earth system. The second edition also includes new sections on detection and attribution and on modeling future changes, as well as improved exercises, updated software, and datasets.
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| 8. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-
(författare)
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Global nedkylning : klimatet och människan under 10 000 år
- 2009
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Klimatet har förändrats både regionalt och globalt sedan senaste istiden tog slut, ofta med dramatiska konsekvenser för naturen och människan. Fastän det talas så mycket om klimatförändringar idag är det få som vet särskilt mycket om hur klimatet har varierat förr.Det är först under de senaste åren som forskningen börjat kunna beskriva vad som faktiskt hänt med klimatet under olika tider, på olika platser. Historikern Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist har tagit ett samlat grepp på den senaste forskningen och resultatet är en resa i vått och torrt, i hetta och kyla, jorden runt under 10 000 år. Vi får stifta bekantskap med många olika folk och kulturer – babylonier, romare, mayaindianer och vikingar – som alla under historiens gång varit utsatta för klimatförändringar.
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| 9. |
- Omstedt, Anders, 1949
(författare)
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A Philosophic View of the Ocean and Humanity
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book is about the ocean and about the future. It is written in two modes, a concerned analytical scientific mode and an intuitive artistic mode in which the ocean is given a voice. The disconnect in the relationship between human dependency on and treatment of the ocean is examined in a dialogue between these two modes. The book illustrates how science and the arts can be connected to increase our awareness of the state of the ocean and support behavioural change. The book is intended for university students and researchers, but will speak to anyone who would like to contribute to the sustainable use of the ocean. The ocean’s services to humankind are enormous and fundamental, and their value is inestimable. A change in human attitudes towards the ocean should be based on something other than simplistic and reductive economic costing. The attitude change needs to be based on a fundamental shift in our understanding of human values and how we interact with one another and with our environment. Antidotes to narrow thinking, fragmented vision, alienation, despair, and fear involve the integration of curiosity, courage, listening, hope, and simplicity in daily life. The beauty and vulnerability of both the ocean and humanity are facts that can inspire improved health and harmony, a vision well formulated by the United Nations in its 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
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| 10. |
- Omstedt, Anders, 1949
(författare)
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Guide to process based modelling of lakes and coastal seas
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The intent of Guide to process based modeling of lakes and coastal seas is to introduce its readers to the subject, giving them a basic scientific understanding of and needed tools for aquatic studies. The book encourages the reader to solve geophysical problems using a systematic, process based approach. This approach divides the studied water body into dynamically relevant parts or natural sub-basins and identifies the major processes involved in the problem. Based on field observations and simplifications, the dynamics are then expressed mathematically, and tested carefully against relevant analytical solutions, extremes, and observations. After a background in lake and coastal seas physics and biogeochemistry the modeling started by addressing the Ekman ocean boundary layer. This gave the reader insight into numerical modeling and the importance of considering analytical solutions; we also learned how to test a solution for grid independence and time resolution. The next section considered the modeling of lakes. A simple slab model was developed for shallow lakes, while for deep lakes we considered how to model the effects of pressure on the temperature of maximum density. We learned how to read meteorological data and calculate corresponding heat fluxes at the atmosphere–water interface. The first ocean model was then developed by adding the salinity equation to the lake model. Basin geometry and river runoff were added to the model and the heat and salt conservation properties were investigated. The reader discovered that salt conservation was quite easily achieved; heat conservation, however, required that sea ice be included in the model. This was the topic of the next section, which considered the modeling of sea ice with its new boundary conditions. The importance of turbulent modeling was studied in the next section. Various models, from zero-equation to two-equation models, were investigated. The reader learned the importance of employing good turbulent models and of considering deepwater mixing. Then, we addressed how to include tides in the modeling by adding the horizontal pressure gradients modeled from tidal sea level variations. The first biogeochemical application was to model oxygen dynamics, and the reader learned how to add one more equation to the physical equation system. Another equation for plankton growth and mineralization was added in the next section. Oxygen concentration was related to plankton growth and mineralization, and the reader learned that understanding the nutrient dynamics called for further equations. One nutrient equation, representing phosphorus, was then added to the marine system and nutrient limitation was investigated. To learn more about the carbon system, we modeled the inorganic carbon dynamics. The importance of introducing biological processes when modeling the CO2 system was further investigated. The construction of nets of coupled sub-basins was then analyzed, and the first section addressed the modeling of two coupled basins. This exercise taught the reader to add one more sub-basin to the system. The PROBE-Baltic marine system was introduced, and the first application included only physical processes. Using this version, we could study several model aspects, such as turbulent mixing, dense bottom currents, heat and ice dynamics, water and heat budgets, and air–sea–land interactions. The second application included oxygen concentrations as well, giving a tool for studying, for example, the interaction between inflow dynamics and oxygen reduction due to biological mineralization. Finally, the third application included physical–biogeochemical dynamics, in particular, the CO2 system. This version allowed the study of aspects such as acid–base (pH) balance, biological production, and interaction with climate. Various aspects of lakes and coastal seas were illustrated with a number of exercises, and their solutions were worked through in Chapter 6. The appendixes to the book touch on various matters, including a short introduction to FORTRAN, nomenclature, data and programs needed for the book, the PROBE Manual, and a discussion on reconstructions of past aquatic conditions. With growing access to data on the Internet, it will become increasingly easier to analyze various water bodies, ranging from small lakes to coastal seas and ocean basins. Much can be learned using a process based approach, and one of its strengths is that it focuses on process understanding rather than numerical methods. It is therefore my hope that this book will stimulate students and researchers to develop their modeling skill and make model codes and data transparent to other research groups.
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