| 1. |
- Ahmed, Engy, et al.
(author)
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Archaeal community changes in Lateglacial lake sediments: Evidence from ancient DNA
- 2018
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In: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 181, s. 19-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Lateglacial/early Holocene sediments from the ancient lake at Hässeldala Port, southern Sweden provide an important archive for the environmental and climatic shifts at the end of the last ice age and the transition into the present Interglacial. The existing multi-proxy data set highlights the complex interplay of physical and ecological changes in response to climatic shifts and lake status changes. Yet, it remains unclear how microorganisms, such as Archaea, which do not leave microscopic features in the sedimentary record, were affected by these climatic shifts. Here we present the metagenomic data set of Hässeldala Port with a special focus on the abundance and biodiversity of Archaea. This allows reconstructing for the first time the temporal succession of major Archaea groups between 13.9 and 10.8 ka BP by using ancient environmental DNA metagenomics and fossil archaeal cell membrane lipids. We then evaluate to which extent these findings reflect physical changes of the lake system, due to changes in lake-water summer temperature and seasonal lake-ice cover. We show that variations in archaeal composition and diversity were related to a variety of factors (e.g., changes in lake water temperature, duration of lake ice cover, rapid sediment infilling), which influenced bottom water conditions and the sediment-water interface. Methanogenic Archaea dominated during the Allerød and Younger Dryas pollen zones, when the ancient lake was likely stratified and anoxic for large parts of the year. The increase in archaeal diversity at the Younger Dryas/Holocene transition is explained by sediment infilling and formation of a mire/peatbog.
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| 2. |
- John Lowe, J., et al.
(author)
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Inter-regional correlation of palaeoclimatic records for the last Glacial-Interglacial Transition : A protocol for improved precision recommended by the INTIMATE project group
- 2001
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In: Quaternary Science Reviews. - 0277-3791. ; 20:11, s. 1175-1187
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The remit of the INTIMATE project of the INQUA Palaeoclimate Commission is to synthesise marine, terrestrial and ice-core data for the North Atlantic region during the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition (LGIT: ca 13-1014C kyr BP; ca 15-11.5 ice-core kyr BP). A major problem, however, is the difficulty of effecting correlations at a temporal resolution that are adequate for defining 'leads' and 'lags' between the polar ice, terrestrial, marine, and atmospheric realms. The limitations of the dating and correlation methods currently employed are summarised, and new quality assurance protocols are proposed. These include recommendations on the contextual information that should accompany radiocarbon dates, procedures for radiocarbon calibration, the use of an event-stratigraphic approach in inter-regional correlations, and the more widespread use of time-parallel marker horizons (based on tephra layers, oxygen isotope stratigraphy, palaeomagnetic stratigraphy, and radiocarbon 'wiggle-matching') to underpin the geochronology and correlation of events during the LGIT. These protocols will be adopted by the INTIMATE project in future international, collaborative research and are recommended to other groups working on this important time period.
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| 3. |
- Schenk, Frederik, et al.
(author)
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Floral evidence for high summer temperatures in southern Scandinavia during 15-11 cal ka BP
- 2020
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In: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The global climate transition from the Lateglacial to the Early Holocene is dominated by a rapid warming trend driven by an increase in orbital summer insolation over high northern latitudes and related feedbacks. The warming trend was interrupted by several abrupt shifts between colder (stadial) and warmer (interstadial) climate states following instabilities of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in response to rapidly melting ice sheets. The sequence of abrupt shifts between extreme climate states had profound impacts on ecosystems which make it challenging to reliably quantify state variables like July temperatures within a non-analogue climate envelope. For Europe, there is increasing albeit inconclusive evidence for higher stadial summer temperatures than initially thought. Here we present a comprehensive floral compilation of plant macrofossils from lake sediment cores of 15 sites from S-Scandinavia covering the period similar to 15 to 11 ka BP. We find evidence for a continued presence of plant species indicating high July temperatures throughout the last deglaciation. The presence of hemiboreal plants in close vicinity to the southern margin of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet implies a strong thermal summer forcing for the rapid ice sheet melt. Consistent with some recent studies, we do not find evidence for a general stadial summer cooling, which indicates that other reasons than summer temperatures caused drastic setbacks in proxy signals possibly driven by extreme winter cooling and/or shorter warm seasons.
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| 4. |
- Schenk, Frederik, et al.
(author)
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Warm summers during the Younger Dryas cold reversal
- 2018
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Younger Dryas (YD) cold reversal interrupts the warming climate of the deglaciation with global climatic impacts. The sudden cooling is typically linked to an abrupt slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in response to meltwater discharges from ice sheets. However, inconsistencies regarding the YD-response of European summer temperatures have cast doubt whether the concept provides a sufficient explanation. Here we present results from a high-resolution global climate simulation together with a new July temperature compilation based on plant indicator species and show that European summers remain warm during the YD. Our climate simulation provides robust physical evidence that atmospheric blocking of cold westerly winds over Fennoscandia is a key mechanism counteracting the cooling impact of an AMOC-slowdown during summer. Despite the persistence of short warm summers, the YD is dominated by a shift to a continental climate with extreme winter to spring cooling and short growing seasons.
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| 5. |
- Ampel, Linda, et al.
(author)
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Modest summer temperature variability during DO cycles in western Europe
- 2010
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In: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 29:11-12, s. 1322-1327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abrupt climatic shifts between cold stadials and warm interstadials, termed Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) cycles, occurred frequently during the Last Glacial. Their imprint is registered in paleorecords worldwide, but little is known about the actual temperature change both annually and seasonally in different regions. A recent hypothesis based on modelling studies, suggests that DO cycles were characterised by distinct changes in seasonality in the Northern Hemisphere. The largest temperature change between stadial and interstadial phases would have occurred during the winter and spring seasons, whereas the summer seasons would have experienced a rather muted temperature shift. Here we present a temporally high-resolved reconstruction of summer temperatures for eastern France during a sequence of DO cycles between 36 and 18 thousand years before present. The reconstruction is based on fossil diatom assemblages from the paleolake Les Echets and indicates summer temperature changes of ca 0.5–2 °C between stadials and interstadials. This study is the first to reconstruct temperatures with a sufficient time resolution to investigate DO climate variability in continental Europe. It is therefore also the first proxy record that can test and support the hypothesis that temperature changes during DO cycles were modest during the summer season.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ampel, Linda, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Diatom assemblage dynamics during abrupt climate change : The response oflacustrine diatoms to Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles during the last glacialperiod
- 2010
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In: Journal of Paleolimnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 44:2, s. 397-404
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The sedimentary record from the paleolake at Les Echets in eastern France allowed a reconstruction of the lacustrine response to several abrupt climate shifts during the last glacial period referred to as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) cycles. The high-resolution diatom stratigraphy has revealed distinct species turnover events and large fluctuations in stable oxygen isotope values in diatom frustules, as a response to DO climate variability. More or less identical species compositions became re-established during each DO stadial and interstadial phases, respectively. However, the relative abundance of the most dominant species within these assemblages varies and might indicate differences in climatic conditions. Interstadial phases are characterized by identical species successions. Transitions from stadial to interstadial conditions show a distinct Fragilaria-Cyclotella succession, which resembles the diatom regime shifts that have been recognized in some lakes in the Northern Hemisphere since the mid-nineteenth century.
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| 8. |
- Chabangborn, Akkaneewut, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Asian monsoon climate during the Last Glacial Maximum : palaeo-data–model comparisons
- 2013
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In: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 43:1, s. 220-242
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (23-19ka BP) in the Asian monsoon region is generally described as cool and dry, due to a strong winter monsoon. More recently, however, palaeo-data and climate model simulations have argued for a more variable LGM Asian monsoon climate with distinct regional differences. We compiled, evaluated, and partly re-assessed proxy records for the Asian monsoon region in terms of wet/dry climatic conditions based on precipitation and effective moisture, and of sea surface temperatures. The comparison of the palaeo-data set to LGM simulations by the Climate Community System Model version 3 (CCSM3) shows fairly good agreement: a dry LGM climate in the western and northern part due to a strengthened winter monsoon and/or strengthened westerly winds and wetter conditions in equatorial areas, due to a stronger summer monsoon. Data-model discrepancies are seen in some areas and are ascribed to the fairly coarse resolution of CCSM3 and/or to uncertainties in the reconstructions. Differences are also observed between the reconstructed and simulated northern boundaries of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The reconstructions estimate a more southern position over southern India and the Bay of Bengal, whereas CCSM3 simulates a more northern position. In Indochina, the opposite is the case. The palaeo-data indicate that climatic conditions changed around 20-19ka BP, with some regions receiving higher precipitation and some experiencing drier conditions, which would imply a distinct shift in summer monsoon intensity. This shift was probably triggered by the late LGM sea-level rise, which led to changes in atmosphere-ocean interactions in the Indian Ocean. The overall good correspondence between reconstructions and CCSM3 suggests that CCSM3 simulates LGM climate conditions over subtropical and tropical areas fairly well. The few high-resolution qualitative and quantitative palaeo-records available for the large Asian monsoon region make reconstructions however still uncertain
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| 9. |
- Chabangborn, Akkaneewut, 1977-
(author)
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Asian monsoon over mainland Southeast Asia in the past 25 000 years
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objective of this research is to interpret high-resolution palaeo-proxy data sets to understand the Asian summer monsoon variability in the past. This was done by synthesizing published palaeo-records from the Asian monsoon region, model simulation comparisons, and analysing new lake sedimentary records from northeast Thailand.Palaeo-records and climate modeling indicate a strengthened summer monsoon over Mainland Southeast Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), compared to dry conditions in other parts of the Asian monsoon region. This can be explained by the LGM sea level low stand, which exposed Sundaland and created a large land-sea thermal contrast. Sea level rise ~19 600 years before present (BP), reorganized the atmospheric circulation in the Pacific Ocean and weakened the summer monsoon between 20 000 and 19 000 years BP.Both the Mainland Southeast Asia and the East Asian monsoon hydroclimatic records point to an earlier Holocene onset of strengthened summer monsoon, compared to the Indian Ocean monsoon. The asynchronous evolution of the summer monsoon and a time lag of 1500 years between the East Asian and the Indian Ocean monsoon can be explained by the palaeogeography of Mainland Southeast Asia, which acted as a land bridge for the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.The palaeo-proxy records from Lake Kumphawapi compare well to the other data sets and suggest a strengthened summer monsoon between 10 000 and 7000 years BP and a weakening of the summer monsoon thereafter. The data from Lake Pa Kho provides a picture of summer monsoon variability over 2000 years. A strengthened summer monsoon prevailed between BC 170-AD 370, AD 800-960 and since AD 1450, and was weaker about AD 370-800 and AD 1300-1450. The movement of the mean position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone explains shifts in summer monsoon intensity, but weakening of the summer monsoon between 960 and 1450 AD could be affected by changes in the Walker circulation.
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| 10. |
- Chabangborn, Akkaneewut, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Climate over mainland Southeast Asia 10.5–5 ka
- 2014
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In: Journal of Quaternary Science. - : Wiley. - 0267-8179 .- 1099-1417. ; 29:5, s. 445-454
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We assembled and evaluated Holocene palaeo-vegetation records regarding semi-quantitative precipitation and temperature for mainland Southeast Asia and compared these with precipitation reconstructions for the Indian Ocean (IOM) and East Asian (EAM) monsoon sub-systems. Our results indicate that temperatures and precipitation in mainland Southeast Asia generally exceeded 18 °C and 1100 mm a−1 during the Holocene. Mainland Southeast Asia experienced cool/wet climatic conditions between 10.5 and 10 ka BP, a warmer/drier climate between 10 and 9 ka BP, cooler/wetter conditions between 9 and 7 ka BP, and moderately warmer/drier conditions since 7 ka BP. The reconstructed summer monsoon intensity compares well with the reconstructed hydroclimate for the EAM region, but diverges from that of the IOM region between 10.5 and 9 ka BP and 7–6.5 ka BP. This discrepancy is explained by differences in land–sea configuration, and regional sea-level history. A strengthening/weakening of the Asian summer monsoon between 9 and 7 ka BP and after 6.5 ka BP, respectively, is observed across the whole Asian monsoon region. Our new data sets support an asynchronous onset of the Asian summer monsoon optimum.
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