| 1. |
- Jönsson, K. Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Implementering av ekosystemtjänstbegreppet i kommunal verksamhet
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet ECOSIMP handlar om förutsättningen för att implementera begreppet ekosystemtjänst, i fortsättningen kallat EST-begreppet, i kommunerna, och undersöker bland annat hur kommunala tjänstemän och politiker ser på denna utmaning. En intervjustudie genomfördes med tjänstemän och politiker i de sju medverkande kommunerna. I en studie av Malmö stad undersöktes hur ekosystemtjänst-relaterade begrepp har integrerats i översiktsplaner och utvecklats till ett verktyg i hållbar samhällsplanering. Ett annat delprojekt handlar om miljökonsekvens-bedömningar (MKB) och behovet av metodutveckling för att integrera ekosystemtjänstansatsen i MKB, där möjligheten att integrera ekosystemtjänster i den så kallade RIAM-metoden analyserades. Projektet innehåller också en analys av arbetet med att integrera ekosystemtjänster i kommunernas klimatanpassning, så kallad ekosystembaserad klimatanpassning (EbA). Slutligen redovisas en analys av det transdisciplinära arbetssättet inom ECOSIMP-projektet. Resultaten visar att EST-begreppet idag är relativt välkänt i kommunerna och att det finns en övervägande positiv inställning till det och förhoppningar om att det ska skapa större möjlighet till miljöhänsyn. Förståelsen av begreppet behöver dock fördjupas i den kommunala verksamheten och distinktionen mellan implicit och explicit användning av EST-begreppet och den relaterade EST-ansatsen förtydligas. Ett antal hinder och möjligheter för att börja använda begreppet och för att uppnå etappmålet 2018 identifierades också. Bland annat upplevs innebörden av etappmålet 2018 som oklar, och bara en mindre del av de intervjuade i kommunerna ansåg att etappmålet skulle nås. Betydelsen av att politiker och allmänhet får kännedom om, och förståelse för, EST-begreppet betonades också. Malmö framstår som ett bra exempel på hur långsiktigt arbete för en hållbar stadsutveckling kan skapa förutsättningar att integrera ekosystemtjänster i den fysiska planeringen. Analysen av EbA i kommunerna visade att initiativ relaterade till klimatanpassning och ekosystemtjänster oftast inte är samordnade, men de skulle kunna utvecklas i den riktningen genom bättre samordning mellan kommunernas olika enheter och integrering av EbA i den långsiktiga planeringen utifrån kunskap om nutida och framtida klimatrisker. Verktyg för att värdera förändringar i EST till följd av mänsklig exploatering behövs och här föreslås en utveckling av den så kallade RIAM-metoden, som kan erbjuda ett sätt att väga in olika EST i planeringen. Den transdisciplinära analysen visar på värdet av nära samverkan mellan forskning och kommuner kring implementeringen av EST-ansatsen, men också på behovet av politiskt och ekonomiskt stöd för att frigöra tid för kommunerna att delta i sådana projekt.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Palo, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Priority areas in municipality planning : Ecosystem services, environmental impact assessments and research areas
- 2016
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Ingår i: One Ecosystem. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-8194. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Several pressing issues face municipal planners including increased land use and climate change. Managing these issues requires a balance between different actions to accommodate citizen’s demands of ecosystem services (ES) and development projects. The implementation of ES as a new tool for assessments needs to be contrasted by research considering existing tools such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). ES has been introduced as a policy tool at the governmental level but implementation at the local and regional scale is still needed; municipalities could benefit from collaboration with the research community for state of the art methods. One obstacle for implementation of ES is that it is not always easy for laymen to understand and additionally, the ES concept may be weakly supported by science. The municipalities realize that a society on its way towards sustainability takes advantage of new knowledge and that interactions with research will put them in the forefront of new scientific questions. The municipalities ask for research that takes a citizen perspective and research that prioritizes questions other than pure environmental considerations. Priorities in municipality planning are based on local conditions and rely on EIA. Many ecological indicators are already covered in EIA and this is reflected in Swedish Comprehensive Plans (SCP) documents, yet need further analysis is needed to be a part of ES. The SCPs present concepts at a policy level and rarely provide a more detailed plan of action compatible with the ES approach. New information We found that the use of ES concepts in Swedish Comprehensive Plans and in EIA is still not common and in need of further support from research and in practice. The EIA is decisive for comprehensive planning documents in the Swedish municipalities and follows standard format over time and between municipalities. ES is focused on human needs while the EIA describes place based assessments on environmental impact rather than feedback to the society by the intervention. Municipalities of south Sweden ask for research support in many different areas, for instance how to set up proper organization for implementation of ES and environmental issues, but priorities are based on their local conditions. The results shows that collaboration between stakeholders and researchers is needed which can create incentives, so that the decisions made by individuals, communities, corporations, and governments may be able to promote widely shared values compatible with ES. Researchers and municipalities who work on an operational level face many challenges in promoting greater use of the ES approach, with some of them yet to be defined. We conclude that implementation of ES could draw from lessons learned in the use of EIA. Further, it is presented that ES has the potential for greater public and stakeholder feedback into decisions as compared to EIA.
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| 4. |
- Ekelund, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing the Ecosystem Services Approach at the municipal level : a transdisciplinary project with coastal communities in south Sweden
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden a unique project supported by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency will be developed in close collaboration with coastal municipalities in Skåne, and with a coordinating role by Skåne´s Association of Local Authorities. These municipalities face a range of different environmental challenges, from areas along the eastern coast line facing problems related to the Baltic Sea, to municipalities in the Öresund region. In this study a range of different environmental conditions and related ecosystem services, from vulnerability to floods, erosion and sea level rise to strong pressure on coastal systems from urbanization will be investigated. Research questions and directions are built on cases and scenarios which are a part of the local municipality planning process. The approach will be to study the premises of implementing the Ecosystem Services (ES) in municipal planning and decision making of five coastal municipalities. The present study will analyse past decisions, present planning and future challenges for municipality development and management from the perspective of ES, with the aim of increasing our understanding of the ES concept as a tool for sustainable development. A second aim of the project is to evaluate the potential value of connecting the ES approach to ongoing climate change adaptation in the municipalities. The project will use the six-step approach developed by the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity framework (TEEB) as the main conceptual frame. This approach includes the following steps: 1) Identifying and agreeing on the problem with stakeholders, 2) Identify the ES which are most relevant and pressing in municipality planning, 3) Collect and identify the information needs and the method to collect the data, 4) Assess expected changes in ES due to decision and input from society, 5) Identify policy options based on changes in ES and 6) Assess social and environmental impacts of 1-5.
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| 5. |
- Ferrans, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical extraction of trace elements from dredged sediments into a circular economy perspective : Case study on Malmfjärden Bay, south-eastern Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Resources, Environment and Sustainability. - : Elsevier. - 2666-9161. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Worldwide, sediments are dredged from water bodies to guarantee proper water levels and remediate aquatic ecosystems. Dredged sediments contain metals that could interfere with recycling if the concentrations overpass permissible limits. Washing of elements from sediments represents a technique to decrease the concentration of metals, and it could introduce a new source of elements. The current study aimed to employ ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylenediamine-disuccinic acid (EDDS) and investigate the effect of operational parameters (concentration and pH) on the chemical extraction of metals from dredged sediments. Core sediments were extracted from sampling stations around Malmfjärden bay, Sweden. The results suggested that lead, zinc and copper were the elements with higher extraction rates, followed by arsenic and nickel. Chromium was poorly extracted. EDTA was more efficient than EDDS in dissolving the elements. Moreover, acidic conditions offered higher extraction rates for As using both chelators and for Pb employing EDTA. The 0.05 M concentration presented a higher mean extraction rate than 0.01 M for Cu, Cr and Ni for EDTA and EDDS. The findings in this study suggest that sediment washing is a promising technique to decrease metal concentrations in sediments and enhancing the feasibility to use the material for beneficial uses.
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| 6. |
- Schubert, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of the ecosystem services approach in Swedish municipal planning
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - : Routledge. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 20:3, s. 298-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While ecosystem-based planning approaches are increasingly promoted through international and national policies, municipalities are still struggling with translating them into practice. Against this background, this paper aims to increase the knowledge of current advances and possible ways to support the implementation of the ecosystem services (ES) approach at the municipal level. More specifically, we analyze how ES have been integrated into comprehensive planning within the municipality of Malmö in Sweden over the last 60 years, a declared forerunner in local environmental governance. Based on a content analysis of comprehensive plans over the period 1956–2014 and interviews with municipal stakeholders, this paper demonstrates how planning has shifted over time toward a more holistic view of ES and their significance for human well-being and urban sustainability. Both explicit and implicit applications of the ES concept were found in the analyzed comprehensive plans and associated programs and projects. Our study shows how these applications reflect international, national, and local policy changes, and indicates how municipalities can gradually integrate the ES approach into comprehensive planning and facilitate the transition from implicit to more explicit knowledge use.
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| 7. |
- Yu, David J., et al.
(författare)
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On capturing human agency and methodological interdisciplinarity in socio-hydrology research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 67:13, s. 1905-1916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Socio-hydrology has expanded and been effective in exposing the hydrological community to ideas and approaches from other scientific disciplines, and social sciences in particular. Yet it still has much to explore regarding how to capture human agency and how to combine different methods and disciplinary views from both the hydrological and the social sciences to develop knowledge. A useful starting ground is noting that the complexity of human–water relations is due to interactions not only across spatial and temporal scales but also across different organizational levels of social systems. This calls for consideration of another analytical scale, the human organizational scale, and interdisciplinarity in study methods. Based on the papers published in this journal’s Special Issue Advancing Socio-hydrology over 2019–2022, this paper illuminates how the understanding of coupled human–water systems can be strengthened by capturing the multi-level nature of human decision making and by applying an interdisciplinary multi-method approach.
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| 8. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Geophysical aspects of abandoned landfill geomorphological and material properties macro-characterization
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM. - : International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. - 9786197603057 ; , s. 551-558
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfills (dumps) are places where the end of the life cycle of products can be found - useful material is dumped away from the sight creating contaminant flows around. Another problem is huge unexplored potential of resources recycling - we have limited knowledge also on useful elements and materials that are buried. The solution to overcome the limitations that provide remote sensing and traditional geodesy, proximal sensing techniques could be used. “Near surface geophysics” with operation at or just below the soil surface, significantly may contribute to give answers that traditionally are solved only after excavation. Geophysical methods are various, those can be active (i.e. create its own signal) or passive (i.e. register an existing signal); invasive (by inserting devices into the soil) or non-destructive. Some of these methods are static (e.g. a sequence of inserted electrodes), others can be used in a mobile way (e.g. pulled by a quad-bike). In general, their depth of exploration can vary from a few decimetres to some tens of metres. Thus in range of wide geophysical methodology spectrum almost all methods might be of use for unknown dump exploration depending on circumstances. In this paper, the aim is to macro-characterize anthropogenic geomorphological forms for contouring of old buried dumps by use of magnetometry, and geoelectric research methods to provide knowledge on approximate content of the dump. Protonmagnetometer was used in Eastern Latvia to determine unseen on surface dumpsite, buried in forest; induced polarisation and electric resistivity research was done in Southern Sweden for the macro-content analysis of dump hills composed of glass industry residuals and construction waste mixture. Geophysical surveying was performed to support site investigation with respect to landfill-related environmental problems, to enhance the opportunity for contouring of location of material mass and initially evaluate its physical properties. Results have shown good potential of geophysical surveying to spatially characterize landfill masses (location and dimensions) and to identify the internal structure of a landfill site, which already provides valuable information to estimate the landfill mining (material recovery) potential of landfills.
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| 9. |
- Fazey, Ioan, et al.
(författare)
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Ten essentials for action-oriented and second order energy transitions, transformations and climate change research
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 40, s. 54-70
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most critical question for climate research is no longer about the problem, but about how to facilitate the transformative changes necessary to avoid catastrophic climate-induced change. Addressing this question, however, will require massive upscaling of research that can rapidly enhance learning about transformations. Ten essentials for guiding action-oriented transformation and energy research are therefore presented, framed in relation to second-order science. They include: (1) Focus on transformations to low-carbon, resilient living; (2) Focus on solution processes; (3) Focus on ‘how to’ practical knowledge; (4) Approach research as occurring from within the system being intervened; (5) Work with normative aspects; (6) Seek to transcend current thinking; (7) Take a multi-faceted approach to understand and shape change; (8) Acknowledge the value of alternative roles of researchers; (9) Encourage second-order experimentation; and (10) Be reflexive. Joint application of the essentials would create highly adaptive, reflexive, collaborative and impact-oriented research able to enhance capacity to respond to the climate challenge. At present, however, the practice of such approaches is limited and constrained by dominance of other approaches. For wider transformations to low carbon living and energy systems to occur, transformations will therefore also be needed in the way in which knowledge is produced and used.
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| 10. |
- Jönsson, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Annual changes in MODIS vegetation indices of Swedish coniferous forests in relation to snow dynamics and tree phenology
- 2010
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257 .- 1879-0704. ; 114:11, s. 2719-2730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote sensing provides spatially and temporally continuous measures of forest reflectance, and vegetation indices calculated from satellite data can be useful for monitoring climate change impacts on forest tree phenology. Monitoring of evergreen coniferous forest is more difficult than monitoring of deciduous forest, as the new buds only account for a small proportion of the green biomass, and the shoot elongation process is relatively slow. In this study, we have analyzed data from 186 coniferous monitoring sites in Sweden covering boreal, southern-boreal, and boreo-nemoral conditions. Our objective was to examine the possibility to track seasonal changes in coniferous forests by time-series of MODIS eight-day vegetation indices, testing the coherence between satellite monitored vegetation indices (VI) and temperature dependent phenology. The relationships between two vegetation indices (NDVI and WDRVI) and four phenological indicators (length of snow season, modeled onset of vegetation period, tree cold hardiness level and timing of budburst) were analyzed. The annual curves produced by two curve fitting methods for smoothening of seasonal changes in NDVI and WDRVI were to a large extent characterized by the occurrence of snow, producing stable seasonal oscillations in the northern part and irregular curves with less pronounced annual amplitude in the southern part of the country. Measures based on threshold values of the VI-curves, commonly used for determining the timing of different phenological phases, were not applicable for Swedish coniferous forests. Evergreen vegetation does not have a sharp increase in greenness during spring, and the melting of snow can influence the vegetation indices at the timing of bud burst in boreal forests. However, the interannual variation in VI-values for specific eight-day periods was correlated with the phenological indicators. This relation can be used for satellite monitoring of potential climate change impacts on northern coniferous spring phenology. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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