| 1. |
- Albano, Anthony D., et al.
(författare)
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Linking With External Covariates : Examining Accuracy by Anchor Type, Test Length, Ability Difference, and Sample Size
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied psychological measurement. - : Sage Publications. - 0146-6216 .- 1552-3497. ; 43:8, s. 597-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has recently demonstrated the use of multiple anchor tests and external covariates to supplement or substitute for common anchor items when linking and equating with nonequivalent groups. This study examines the conditions under which external covariates improve linking and equating accuracy, with internal and external anchor tests of varying lengths and groups of differing abilities. Pseudo forms of a state science test were equated within a resampling study where sample size ranged from 1,000 to 10,000 examinees and anchor tests ranged in length from eight to 20 items, with reading and math scores included as covariates. Frequency estimation linking with an anchor test and external covariate was found to produce the most accurate results under the majority of conditions studied. Practical applications of linking with anchor tests and covariates are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Item response theory observed-score kernel equating
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychometrika. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0033-3123 .- 1860-0980. ; 82:1, s. 48-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Item response theory (IRT) observed-score kernel equating is introduced for the non-equivalent groups with anchor test equating design using either chain equating or post-stratification equating. The equating function is treated in a multivariate setting and the asymptotic covariance matrices of IRT observed-score kernel equating functions are derived. Equating is conducted using the two-parameter and three-parameter logistic models with simulated data and data from a standardized achievement test. The results show that IRT observed-score kernel equating offers small standard errors and low equating bias under most settings considered.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Performing the Kernel Method of Test Equating with the Package kequate
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Statistical Software. - : The American Statistical Association. - 1548-7660. ; 55:6, s. 1-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In standardized testing it is important to equate tests in order to ensure that the test takers, regardless of the test version given, obtain a fair test. Recently, the kernel method of test equating, which is a conjoint framework of test equating, has gained popularity. The kernel method of test equating includes five steps: (1) pre-smoothing, (2) estimation of the score probabilities, (3) continuization, (4) equating, and (5) computing the standard error of equating and the standard error of equating difference. Here, an implementation has been made for six different equating designs: equivalent groups, single group, counter balanced, non-equivalent groups with anchor test using either chain equating or post- stratification equating, and non-equivalent groups using covariates. An R package for the kernel method of test equating called kequate is presented. Included in the package are also diagnostic tools aiding in the search for a proper log-linear model in the pre-smoothing step for use in conjunction with the R function glm.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Carolyn J., et al.
(författare)
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Stories of successful careers in psychometrics and what we can learn from them
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quantitative psychology. - New York : Springer. - 9783030434687 - 9783030434694 ; , s. 1-17
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper was inspired by the presentations and discussions from the panel "Successful Careers in Academia and Industry and What We Can Learn from Them”" that took place at the IMPS meeting in 2019. In this paper, we discuss what makes a career successful in academia and industry and we provide examples from the past to the present. We include education and career paths as well as highlights of achievements as researchers and teachers. The paper provides a brief historical context for the representation of women in psychometrics and an insight into strategies for success for publishing, for grant applications and promotion. The authors outline the importance of interdisciplinary work, the inclusive citation approaches, and visibility of research in academia and industry. The personal stories provide a platform for considering the needs for a supportive work environment for women and for work-life balance. The outcome of these discussions and reflections of the panel members are included in the paper.
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| 5. |
- Bränberg, Kenny, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect on equating of using background variables
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper observed score linear equating with two different data collection designs, the equivalent groups design and the non-equivalent groups design, is examined when including information from background variables. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect (i.e., bias, variance and mean squared error) on the estimators of including this additional information. In a simulation study, we show that the use of background variables, such as gender and education, can increase the accuracy of an equating by reducing the mean squared error (MSE) of the estimators.
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| 6. |
- Fahlén, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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KU-dag som möjlighet till erfarenhetsutbyte
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många lärare på högskolor och universitet har kompetensutveckling (KU) i sin tjänst vilket är reglerade i lokala avtal. Enligt Umeå universitets avtal innebär det att alla universitetslektorer ska under en treårs period ges utrymme om minst 20 procent. Vidare framgår att avrapporteringen av genomförda uppgifter ska ske på lämpligt sätt. Avstämning och revidering av lärarens kompetensutvecklingsplan sker vanligtvis på de flesta institutionerna/enheterna vid återkommande utvecklingssamtal. På vår Enhet har det vanliga varit har lärarna har genomfört sin KU utifrån sin plan och rapporterat en gång per år vid utvecklingssamtalet. Vid detta tillfälle har även planen reviderats. Tyvärr sker då inte ett erfarenhetsutbyte mellan kollegor utan enbart en avrapportering mot närmaste chef. För att förändra det här införde vi för tre år sedan på försök en KU-dag. Inspirationen till en KU-dag kom från Enhetens doktoranddag som ges en gång per år och där alla doktorander presenterar vad de har gjort det gångna året samt blickar framåt vad de ska göra det kommande året. Idén med en KU-dag är att alla som har KU-tid i sin bemanning presenterar vad de har gjort på sin tid samt en kort framåtblick på 10-15 minuter. För att engagera fler personer att delta så uppmanade vi även alla projektledare med externa medel att presentera vad de gör på sin forskningstid. Vårt huvudsakliga syfte med KU-dagen var att synliggöra vad alla gör samt att öppna upp för att lära oss av varandra men också för att öka medvetenheten om vad alla gör på Enheten. Erfarenheterna efter tre år med en årlig KU-dag har varit många. Första året så upplevde vi en viss osäkerhet bland deltagarna. Vad leder egentligen införandet av en KU-dag till? Är den till för att kontrollera ens arbete eller kan man lära sig något? Redan andra året så uttryckte flera av deltagarna att de ville delta och det pratades om det i positiva termer både inför och efter genomförandet. Detta beror troligtvis på att vi arbetat aktivt med att det inte ska kännas som en kontroll utan mer till för att dela erfarenheter. Nu efter att ha genomfört det ett tredje år så ses det som ett självklart inslag i vår verksamhet. Lärdomar vi har dragit under de här åren inkluderar betydelsen av hur man lanserar KU-dagen, när på terminen den ges för att säkerställa att så många som möjligt kan delta, samt hur värdefullt det är att vara medveten om vad andra gör för att skapa nya projekt och ett inkluderande arbetsklimat på Enheten.
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| 7. |
- Franco, Vithor Rosa, et al.
(författare)
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Chain graph reduction into power chain graphs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Quantitative and Computational Methods in Behavioral Sciences. - : PshycOpen. - 2699-8432. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduction of graphs is a class of procedures used to decrease the dimensionality of a given graphin which the properties of the reduced graph are to be induced from the properties of the largeroriginal graph. This paper introduces both a new method for reducing chain graphs to simplerdirected acyclic graphs (DAGs), that we call power chain graphs (PCG), as well as a procedure forstructure learning of this new type of graph from correlational data of a Gaussian graphical model.Adefinitionfor PCGs is given, directly followed by the reduction method. The structure learningprocedure is a two-step approach:first,the correlation matrix is used to cluster the variables; andthen, the averaged correlation matrix is used to discover the DAGs using the PC-stable algorithm.The results of simulations are provided to illustrate the theoretical proposal, which demonstrateinitial evidence for the validity of our procedure to recover the structure of power chain graphs.The paper ends with a discussion regarding suggestions for future studies as well as some practicalimplications
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| 8. |
- Franco, Víthor Rosa, et al.
(författare)
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How to Think Straight About Psychometrics : Improving Measurement by Identifying its Assumptions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Trends in Psychology. - : Springer. - 2358-1883.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the current study is to introduce three assumptions common to psychometric theory and psychometric practice, and to show how alternatives to traditional psychometric approaches can be used to improve psychological measurement. These alternatives are developed by adapting each of these three assumptions. The assumption of structural validity relates to the implementation of mathematical models. The process assumption regards the underlying process generating the observed data. The construct assumption implies that the observed data on its own do not constitute a measurement, but the latent variable that originates the observed data. Nonparametric item response modeling and cognitive psychometric modeling are presented as alternatives for relaxing the first two assumptions, respectively. Network psychometrics is the alternative for relaxing the third assumption. Final remarks sum up the most important conclusions of the study.
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| 9. |
- Franco, Vithor Rosa, et al.
(författare)
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Nondecomposable item response theory models : fundamental measurement in psychometrics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of mathematical psychology (Print). - : Academic Press. - 0022-2496 .- 1096-0880. ; 114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of the current paper is to propose Item Response Theory (IRT) models derived from the nondecomposable measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974). More specifically, we aim to: (i) present the theoretical basis of the Rasch model and its relations to psychophysics’ models of utility; (ii) give a brief exposition on the measurement theories presented in Fishburn (1974, 1975), some of which do not require an additive structure; and (iii) derive IRT models from these measurement theories, as well as Bayesian implementations of these models. We also present two empirical examples to compare how well these IRT models fit to real data. In addition to deriving new IRT models, we also discuss theoretical interpretations regarding the models’ capability of generating fundamental measures of the true scores of the respondents. The manuscript ends with prospects for future studies and practical implications.
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| 10. |
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