| 1. |
- Kiessling, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Musselodling i Östersjön som miljöåtgärd : nya positiva data från tre pågående EU-projekt
- 2019
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Nya resultat visar att musselodlingar i Östersjön har en betydande potential att bidra till att minska övergödningen samtidigt som förutsättningar skapas för en cirkulär ekonomi/produktion. För att ta musselodling till nästa nivå krävs dels ytterligare förfining av den nya tekniken, men framförallt fler och i förlängningen också större odlingar samtidigt som vi måste vidareutveckla alla de initiativ som nu pågår hur näringen kan återanvändas i livsmedelssystemet på ett effektivt och ekonomiskt lönsamt sätt.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hassler, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Collective action and agency in Baltic Sea marine spatial planning: Transnational policy coordination in the promotion of regional coherence
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 92, s. 138-147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the increasing attention given to marine spatial planning and the widely acknowledged need for transnational policy coordination, regional coherence has not yet improved a great deal in the Baltic Sea region. Therefore, the main objectives in this article are: (a) to map existing governance structures at all levels that influence how domestic marine spatial planning policy strategies are formed, (b) to identify specific challenges to improved regional cooperation and coordination, and (c) to discuss possible remedies. Based on data from in-depth case studies carried out in the BONUS BALTSPACE research project, it is shown that, despite the shared goal of sustainability and efficient resource use in relevant EU Directives, action plans and other policy instruments, domestic plans are emerging in diverse ways, mainly reflecting varying domestic administrative structures, sectoral interests, political prioritisations, and handling of potentially conflicting policy objectives. A fruitful distinction can be made between, on the one hand, regulatory institutions and structures above the state level where decision-making mechanisms are typically grounded in consensual regimes and, on the other hand, bilateral, issue-specific collaboration, typically between adjacent countries. It is argued that, to improve overall marine spatial planning governance, these two governance components need to be brought together to improve consistency between regional alignment and to enhance opportunities for countries to collaborate at lower levels. Issue-specific transnational working groups or workshops can be one way to identify and act upon such potential synergies. © 2018 The Authors
|
|
| 3. |
- Hansson, Karin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Choice, Negotiation, and Pluralism : a Conceptual Framework for Participatory Technologies in Museum Collections
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551. ; :31, s. 603-631
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an era of big data and fake news, museums' collection practices are particularly important democratic cornerstones. Participatory technologies such as crowdsourcing or wikis have been put forward as a means to make museum collections more open and searchable, motivated by a desire for efficiency but also as a way to engage the public in the development of a more diverse and polyphonic heritage. However, there is a lack of a nuanced vocabulary to describe participatory technologies in terms of democracy. Without a deeper understanding of how technology shapes the overall structures, there is a risk that the tools instead undermine democratic ambitions.Addressing the need to conceptualize democracy in these contexts, we therefore develop a framework for participatory technologies with an eye toward the long-term development and preservation of cultural heritage. In this framework different democratic processes intersect with democratic values, from a liberal conception of democracy to a more deliberative democracy, to an agonistic pluralism emphasizing the importance of acknowledging conflict and diversity.To firmly ground our vocabulary in museum collection practices, we have investigated two cases from museums in the US that have opposite participatory strategies for enriching images with metadata; the Smithsonian Transcription Center, and the National Gallery of Art collection on Wikimedia Commons. These cases demonstrate how the framework can be used to identify patterns of participation showing the support for different values and processes.Furthermore, our conceptual investigation points out a contradiction in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research, between the pluralism and conflicts emphasized in more critical and participatory design perspectives used in the development of design, and the features in the actual design of participatory technologies, emphasizing consistency and access.
|
|
| 4. |
- Luthman, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Strong and weak sustainability in Nordic aquaculture policies
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 550
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we critically analyze how sustainability is considered in aquaculture policies and strategies using the Nordic countries as a case. The strong versus weak sustainability concepts are used to define and clarify what sustainability aspects are central to each state. To illustrate these concepts further, we draw on and modify four mainstream environmental discourses defined by John Dryzek and apply them to the strong and weak sustainability dichotomy to help categorize how environmental sustainability is portrayed in Nordic aquaculture policies and strategies. Subsequently we apply the characteristics of the concepts to aquaculture and sustainability in the Nordic countries. This allows us to identify each state's depiction of sustainable aquaculture, compare these to one another and assess where the Nordic states position themselves regarding sustainability and aquaculture. Our findings show that the policies emphasize technological advancements, intensification, and economic growth, which correlates with weak sustainability. Environmental sustainability receives a significant role in the documents too but does not seem to trump increased intensification or profitability. All policies are heavily focused on fed aquaculture and in order to reduce negative impacts from aquaculture there is a need to incorporate key elements of strong sustainability in policies, including measures to reduce impacts from pollution and the spread of pathogens, use of high-grade food resources and energy consumption. This to transform the industry to sustainability rather than just making it less unsustainable.
|
|
| 5. |
- Nyangoko, Baraka, et al.
(författare)
-
Socio-economic Determinants of Mangrove Exploitation and Management in the Pangani River Estuary, Tanzania
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ecology & Society. - : Resilience Alliance. - 1708-3087. ; 27:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mangrove forests in Tanzania are gazetted as state forest reserves, implying that exploitation is controlled by the state. However, their continued degradation and loss is largely associated to the inadequate enforcement of management measures against uncontrolled extractive exploitation to support local livelihoods. Local management institutions are therefore advocated to enhance mangrove conservation. This study explored socioeconomic determinants of exploitation patterns and management of mangroves in the Pangani River Estuary, using two coastal communities (Bweni and Pangani Magharibi) as case study sites. Data were collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, household questionnaires, and field observations. Quantitative data were analyzed for both descriptive and statistical inferences, while qualitative information was subjected to content analysis. Residence time of household, household main occupation, household size, and cost of alternatives to mangroves as a source of domestic fuel were all factors positively associated with mangrove resource use. The two communities differed in their perceptions on the role of local institutions in management of mangroves. Over half of respondents (56%) in Bweni agreed that interventions by Beach Management Units (BMUs) enhanced mangrove conditions, whereas only about 16% of the respondents in Pangani Magharibi had similar perceptions. Overall, 55% of the respondents were not impressed with the performance of government institutions in implementing conservation measures for sustainable use of mangroves. Exploration and promotion of feasible alternative livelihood activities and improved stakeholders’ collaborative arrangements are recommended for sustainable exploitation and management of mangroves in the study area.
|
|
| 6. |
- Wallner-Hahn, Sieglind, et al.
(författare)
-
Destructive gear use in a tropical fishery : Institutional factors influencing the willingness-and capacity to change
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 72, s. 199-210
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to empirically assess institutional aspects shaping fishers' behavior leading to unsustainable resource use, by using the example of destructive drag-net fishing in Zanzibar, Tanzania. A broad institutional approach was used to specifically assess institutional factors influencing the fishers' reasons for the current use of destructive drag-nets as well as their willingness- and economic capacity to change to less destructive gears. Different regulative, normative, cultural-cognitive and economic factors (tradition, group-belonging, social acceptance, common practice, identity of drag-net users and weak economic capacity) were identified as critical elements influencing the current use of destructive gears, as well as obstructing changes to other gears. Hence, the importance of addressing all of these factors, matching to the different contexts, rather than focusing on fast-moving regulative measures, is emphasized to increase chances of management success. More promising approaches would be resource allocations to more sustainable fishing gears, well-managed gear exchange programs, as well as alterations of slow-moving normative and cultural factors, e.g. awareness raising on the advantages of more sustainable fishing gears, their traditional and cultural values, information on the actual income they generate, as well as education and an exchange of traditional knowledge on how to use them.
|
|
| 7. |
- Yu, Shi-Yong, et al.
(författare)
-
Holocene palaeoecology and shoreline displacement on the Biskopsmåla Peninsula, southeastern Sweden
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 32, s. 578-589
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-resolution palaeoecological proxies of pollen, macrofossils and diatoms from an isolation lake provide a long-term record of the Holocene landscape history and shoreline displacement on the Biskopsmala Peninsula in central Blekinge, SE Sweden. During the Preboreal/Boreal transition, the peninsula was sparsely vegetated by woodlands, along with lateglacial dwarf shrub/steppe communities. The lake basin was isolated from the shallow Yoldia Sea during this time. The regional climate improved from 10 700 cal. BP, evident as progressive expansion of Pinus -dominated mixed forest with deciduous trees. The lake basin was probably connected with the Ancylus Lake during the period 10 700-10 100 cal. BP. Subsequently the basin became isolated again, corresponding to the Early Littorina Sea phase. Replacement of freshwater diatoms by those with brackish-water affinity at 8100 cal. BP indicates the initial transgression of the Littorina Sea in this basin. But not until 7500 cal. BP were brackish conditions fully established. Peaks of brackish-marine diatoms and dinoflagellates during 7500-7000 cal. BP indicate increased saltwater inflow to the Baltic Sea in response to global meltwater pulse 3. However, interactive changes in seagrass and stonewort macrofossil concentrations suggest that three minor transgressions during 5900-5300, 5000-4700 and 4400-4000 cal. BP occurred locally, associated with centennial-scale variations in regional wind pattern or coastal storminess. By 3000 cal. BP, the lake basin was finally isolated from the Baltic, and thereafter the landscape on the peninsula became gradually more influenced by human activities.
|
|
| 8. |
- Saunders, Fred P., et al.
(författare)
-
Knowledge for environmental governance: probing science–policy theory in the cases of eutrophication and fisheries in the Baltic Sea
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - : Routledge. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 19:6, s. 769-782
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How science and policy interact has been a major research focus in the International Relations (IR) tradition, using the epistemic community (EC) concept, as well as in the alternative perspective of Science and Technology Studies (STS). Should science be autonomous and as apolitical as possible in order to ‘speak truth to power’, as suggested by EC or should the inevitable entanglement of science and politics be accepted and embraced so as to make advice more conducive to negotiating the explicit travails of political decision-making as suggested by STS? With this point of departure, we compare similarities and differences between science–policy interactions in the issue areas of eutrophication and fisheries management of the Baltic Sea. To examine how knowledge is mobilised, the concepts of ‘uncertainty’ and ‘coherence’ are developed, drawing on both EC and STS thinking. We then reflect on the explanatory value of these approaches in both cases and discuss how a separation of science and policy-making in the pursuit of achieving scientific consensus leads to ineffectual policies. Drawing on STS thinking, we urge for a re-conceptualisation of coherence in order to accommodate a more reflexive practice of science–policy interactions.
|
|
| 9. |
- Mikael, Karlsson, et al.
(författare)
-
Mind the gap : Coping with delay in environmental governance
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaps between public policy goals and the state of the environment are often significant. However, while goal failures in environmental governance are studied in a number of disciplines, the knowledge on the various causes behind delayed goal achievement is still incomplete. In this article we propose a new framework for analysis of delay mechanisms in science and policy, with the intention to provide a complementary lens for describing, analysing and counteracting delay in environmental governance. The framework is based on case-study findings from recent research focusing on goal-failures in policies for climate change, hazardous chemicals, biodiversity loss and eutrophication. It is also related to previous research on science and policy processes and their interactions. We exemplify the framework with two delay mechanisms that we consider particularly important to highlight—denial of science and decision thresholds. We call for further research in the field, for development of the framework, and not least for increased attention to delay mechanisms in environmental policy review and development on national as well as international levels.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
