| 1. |
- Belgrano, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping and Evaluating Marine Protected Areas and Ecosystem Services: A Transdisciplinary Delphi Forecasting Process Framework
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are an important tool for management and conservation and play an increasingly recognised role in societal and human well-being. However, the assessment of MPAs often lacks a simultaneous consideration of ecological and socio-economic outcomes, and this can lead to misconceptions on the effectiveness of MPAs. In this perspective, we present a transdisciplinary approach based on the Delphi method for mapping and evaluating Marine Protected Areas for their ability to protect biodiversity while providing Ecosystem Services (ES) and related human well-being benefits – i.e., the ecosystem outputs from which people benefit. We highlight the need to include the human dimensions of marine protection in such assessments, given that the effectiveness of MPAs over time is conditional on the social, cultural and institutional contexts in which MPAs evolve. Our approach supports Ecosystem-Based Management and highlights the importance of MPAs in achieving restoration, conservation, and sustainable development objectives in relation to EU Directives such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD), and the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP).
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| 2. |
- Morf, Andrea, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change Adaptation and Emerging Coastal Conflicts in Southern Sweden: Vellinge Municipality - A Paradigmatic Case Study
- 2012
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Ingår i: IGC Cologne 2012, Down To Earth, 32nd International Geographical Congress, 26.-30. August 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden, like in many other European states, there is an increasing need to identify and formulate climate change adaptation strategies at national as well as regional and local level. The Swedish 2007 national report by the Commission on Climate and Vulnerability concluded that Sweden have to make a start in climate adaptation through increased responsibility on behalf of the municipalities in adapting physical planning to the risks of climate change and through the key role of the County Administration Boards in coordinating adaptation efforts at the regional level. Since then, municipalities vulnerable to climate change impacts has started to identify and propose adaptation measures (under the coordination and support by the County Administration Boards), and a few municipalities have even started the process of integration adaptation measures into their physical planning. However, the integration of adaptation measures into comprehensive plans is a new and complex task, causing 'new' conflicts of interests to emerge. For example: · Between the interests to retreat from, defend against or adapt to future climate risks · Between present and future nature- and human values · Between existing national and regional regulations of local physical planning and the need for local flexibility in physical planning in responding to uncertain, future climate change risks · Between national, regional and local interests in relation to climate change adaptation · Between different social groups (for example between temporary and permanent residents) Through a case study of the municipality of Vellinge, located in the southwestern part of Sweden with a population of approximately 30 000, we analyze the potential consequences (in terms of emergence of new conflicts of interests) of the detailed, physical adaptation measures that have been put forward in the draft municipality comprehensive plan of 2010. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies to mitigate such emerging conflicts.
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| 3. |
- Hassler, Björn, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Collective action and agency in Baltic Sea marine spatial planning: Transnational policy coordination in the promotion of regional coherence
- 2018
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 92, s. 138-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the increasing attention given to marine spatial planning and the widely acknowledged need for transnational policy coordination, regional coherence has not yet improved a great deal in the Baltic Sea region. Therefore, the main objectives in this article are: (a) to map existing governance structures at all levels that influence how domestic marine spatial planning policy strategies are formed, (b) to identify specific challenges to improved regional cooperation and coordination, and (c) to discuss possible remedies. Based on data from in-depth case studies carried out in the BONUS BALTSPACE research project, it is shown that, despite the shared goal of sustainability and efficient resource use in relevant EU Directives, action plans and other policy instruments, domestic plans are emerging in diverse ways, mainly reflecting varying domestic administrative structures, sectoral interests, political prioritisations, and handling of potentially conflicting policy objectives. A fruitful distinction can be made between, on the one hand, regulatory institutions and structures above the state level where decision-making mechanisms are typically grounded in consensual regimes and, on the other hand, bilateral, issue-specific collaboration, typically between adjacent countries. It is argued that, to improve overall marine spatial planning governance, these two governance components need to be brought together to improve consistency between regional alignment and to enhance opportunities for countries to collaborate at lower levels. Issue-specific transnational working groups or workshops can be one way to identify and act upon such potential synergies. © 2018 The Authors
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| 4. |
- Sundblad, Eva-Lotta, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Structuring social data for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive
- 2014
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X. ; 2014:45, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Marine Strategy Framework Directive, adopted by the EU, and several other initiatives to improve marine environmental management emphasize the need to integrate environmental and social analyses. This article proposes and tests a general Behavior-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (BPSIR) framework for identifying and structuring environmentally relevant social data. The framework is compatible with the widely applied Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework, but emphasizes actors and their behavior and defines ‘impact’ more specifically. In particular, it distinguishes between: (i) actors directly involved in activities causing physical, chemical, and biological disturbances, and (ii) actors who indirectly affect marine resource use and the pressures on marine ecosystems. Three case studies of chemical and biological disturbances in the Swedish parts of the North and Baltic seas demonstrate the need to balance current ecosystem monitoring with systematically collected and organized data on social factors, i.e., both direct and indirect actors and stakeholders, their adaptation to policy measures, and the role of general trends in consumption and production.
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| 5. |
- Bruckmeier, Karl, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability in Coastal Urban Environment: Thematic Profiles of Resources and Their Users in Sweden Case Study Areas Gothenburg and Malmö
- 2013
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Ingår i: Sustainability in the Coastal Urban Environment. Thematic profiles of resources and their users. A.Z.Khan, L.X.Quynh, F.Canters, E.Corijn (eds.). Sapienza Università Editrice, Vol.III.. - Italy, Rome : Sapienza Università Editrice. - 9788895814902 ; , s. 207-248
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The following information on the Swedish case studies in the metropolitan areas of Gothenburg and Malmö is provided here: an overview over natural and social resources relevant for conflicts and an overview over main resource user groups in both study areas. Environmental and resource use problems can be identified from the reports analysed, but rarely specific conflicts about resource use. In both of the metropolitan areas, natural resources and ecosystem services are the main resources leading to problems and potential conflicts, less economic and social resources. Natural resources are therefore in focus for conflict analysis in both areas. However, most resource use includes combinations of different resource types. Resource related conflicts are often multidimensional, for example, economic use of resources for purposes of production and development is in conflict with protection and maintenance of the natural resource base. The users described here are heterogeneous groups of varying size and structure. Important users include urban inhabitants and tourists as resource consumers, and among the productive sectors agriculture, fishery, industry, and energy producers.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bruckmeier, Karl, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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SECOA project Thematic report on the profiles of the coastal resources and their uses/users. Swedish case study areas of Gothenburg and Malmö
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SECOA European Commission THE CHALLENGE Global change, human mobility and urban growth, can be considered as the relevant elements affecting the management and development of coastal areas the world over. The increasing number of persons, houses and enterprises in urban coastal areas determines the pressure on the coastal environment, and its natural and cultural resources. There are a permanent increase in water and soil consumption; a generation of water, air and soil pollution; a waste creation; and there are increased urban carrying capacity demands. There is a competition that generates contrasts in the use of natural resources from all the stakeholders involved in the urban context, i.e. residents, commuters, tourists, and enterprises. The ever changing coastal natural environments affected by climate change are further complicating the situation, often in the direction of negative consequences. The problem is how to manage those contrasts through sustainable urban planning, consisting of environmental protection, economic development, and social cohesion. PROJECT OBJECTIVES SECOA will consider the effects of human mobility on urban settlements’ growth and restructuring in fragile environments, such as coastal areas. Whatever happens at the settlement level has consequences on natural and cultural resources. In coastal settlements every phenomenon is more concentrated and effects are more acute. The problems are also multiplied since climate change is affecting the environmental parameters. The need for controlling and reducing unwanted consequences is contributing to the creation of contrasts among stakeholders belonging to different economic sectors and social spheres. An integrated ecosystem approach incorporating social, economic and natural disciplines is essential in understanding and dealing with the complex and dynamic problems facing the coastal city environments. SECOA aims to: identify the ongoing and possible contrasts, analyze their quantitative and qualitative effects on the environment, create models to synthesize the complexity of the different social, economic and environmental systems. This reports provides an initial analysis of important social and environmental features of the two Swedish case study areas Malmö and Gothenburg
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| 8. |
- Prutzer, Madeleine, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Social learning: Methods matter but facilitation and supportive context are key—insights from water governance in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses and discusses how and to what extent social learning (SL), as a means to address complex adaptive problems in water governance, can be enabled in local and regional multi-stakeholder collaborations. Using a multi-method, qualitative, collaborative, and self-reflec-tive case study design, the conditions, challenges, and enablers for SL were studied, comparing three complementary cases of voluntary multi-actor platforms (water councils) to improve water quality in West Sweden. These councils were established to foster the implementation of the Water Frame Directive and—on a voluntary basis without a formal decision mandate or responsibility—to im-plement measures or act. Using participant observation, evaluation workshops, and a survey, the methods employed by the councils, which were founded on trust-based approaches, were assessed based on how they contributed to trust and social learning. Observed outcomes included an in-creased number of participants, sub-projects, local water groups, and measures. Respondents men-tioned better dialogue, higher commitment, and broader knowledge as positive outcomes. Based on this, we conclude that there is a need for neutral spaces for meetings led by process facilitators, enabling cross-sectorial and cross-level exchanges, a process which is not common in Swedish water management.
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| 9. |
- Morf, Andrea, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring enablers and obstacles to policy-oriented learning in Swedish marine national park planning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Policy and Governance. - : Wiley. - 1756-932X .- 1756-9338. ; 33:1, s. 17-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deepens our understanding of the preconditions for policy-oriented learning in conflictive marine conservation, provides an analytical framework for further studies and formulates recommendations for practitioners on what to consider when establishing protected areas. Our seas are under increasing pressure but lag behind in protection. Climate change, intensifying use and biodiversity loss challenge current practises and imply trade-offs between conservation and use. While nature conservation ranks high internationally, national protection attempts often result in controversies, with actors aligning in opposing advocacy coalitions-for and against the proposals. Policy-oriented learning is one way to overcome controversies. It involves processes whereby actors gain new knowledge and experiences, leading to changed beliefs about the problems and possible solutions. We aimed to explore and explain policy-oriented learning through a comparative longitudinal case study of two Swedish national park planning processes with different outcomes: Koster Sea national park, established 2009, and Sankt Anna archipelago remaining without park. Which characteristics related to context, actors and processes influence policy-oriented learning in conflictive marine conservation processes? The results suggest that a set of complementary factors explain the different outcomes. First, learning is facilitated by contexts where actors from both coalitions depend on the resource and its protection and have experience of collaboration, and where conservation planning is well integrated with other governance processes. Second, engaged key actors with moderate views facilitating interactions and able to identify common interests and deescalate conflicts are important - supported, third, by various forums allowing exchange of knowledge and learning across coalitions.
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| 10. |
- Morf, Andrea, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Scenario-Analysis of Land Use Conflicts Related To Climate-Change, Development and Conservation on the Falsterbo Peninsula in Vellinge Municipality
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A whole bundle of conflicts arising on the Falsterbo peninsula in Vellinge municipality, at the urban fringe of Malmö metropolitan area in relation to management and mitigation of climate change have been the focus of this deliverable. The flat, sandy peninsula on the SW-corner of Sweden is highly attractive are for human residency and recreation at the same time as it is highly valuable for cultural and nature conservation reasons. Morover, it is highly exposed to weather and climate. Discussions on how to address climate change related problems such as erosion and sea-level rise have given rise to a whole bundle of new environmental- and user conflicts and old conflicts in new shapes. These are here analysed from a spatial land-use perspective. The methods used include DPSIR-analyis, factor analysis, scenario building, backcasting, based on extrapolations of land-uses and population in relation to the different scenarios. Based on a DPSIR analysis using documents and earlier work in WP 2 and 4, factor analysis, backcasting using both qualitative, spatial and numeric aspects have been performed and specified in the form of GIS-maps and analytical tables using a number of easily available indicators for land-use change. Three scenarios have been created to analyse potential land use conflicts and alternative management strategies: a) MIX: a combination of development/defence and conservation/retreat (basing on municipal proposals in Vellinge’s municipal comprehensive plan 2010); b) DEV (development): a development focused alternative, where residency and jobs and protection against sea level rise is in focus; and c) ECO (ecology and conservation): with focus on retreat from the most exposed areas. Each scenario leads to specific types of conflicts. The most important conflicts to be expected with sea level rise are related to densification of attractive detached house areas and historically interesting townscapes, building of dams in relation to overlapping different kinds of conservation interests that partially collide, and behavioral changes and economic effects especially if a retreat strategy is being chosen. Last but not least, the case raises also a dilemma in relation to the consumption of productive agricultural land, which during the last decades of increasingly open markets, cheap transports, and strong nature protection policy in European countries has come out of focus. The scenarios also include different management strategies: the ECO-scenario requires most pro-active behavioral change work, followed by the MIX-scenario, whereas an important characteristic of the DEV-scenario is the procrastination of problems and conflicts to the future. Conclusions are made both in relation to the scenarios and to the methodology used. The conflict potential is high with measures forcing people to move or change behavior. Conflict mitigation possibilities vary with regard to the basic assumptions in the 3 scenarios and the local conditions. Conclusions with regard to methodology include that GIS can be an interesting tool for scenario work with conflict analysis- and management in mind, but that it is important to keep things simple for understandability for stakeholders if used as a process tool and not mere research. Comparisons with other scenarios in SECOA may be difficult because of the very specific local situations and assumptions made in each scenario. Besides some general topical criteria and suggestions for methods, the selection of cases and collection data has been ad-hoc driven by interesting problems to analyse in specific cases and end-user contexts. A multiple case study design for direct comparison of mappings and especially quantitative data requires a beforehand overall-design. This is especially valid in relation to quantifications and percentages and the comparability of parameters selected as bases for these.
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