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Sökning: hsv:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) > Teknik > Chalmers tekniska högskola

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  • Mocholí Montañés, Rubén, 1990 (författare)
  • Emissions reduction and flexible operation of energy-intensive industrial processes and power plants
  • 2019
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Every year, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) hosts the prestigious ”Green Talents – International Forum for High Potentials in Sustainable Development” to promote the international exchange of innovative green ideas. The award, under the patronage of Minister Anja Karliczek, honours young researchers each year. The winners come from numerous countries and scientific disciplines and are recognised for their outstanding achievements in making our societies more sustainable. Selected by a jury of German experts, the award winners are granted unique access to the country’s research community
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  • Femenias, Paula, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • Från omfattande till varsam renovering
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Hållbar renovering ur ett helhetsperspektiv: En antologi från forskningsmiljön SIRen. - 9789188722652 ; , s. 47-54
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Boyraz Baykas, Pinar, 1981 (författare)
  • Semantic Analysis of Driver Behavior by Data Fusion
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Vehicles, Drivers, and Safety, Edited by: Huseyin Abut, Kazuya Takeda, Gerhard Schmidt and John H.L. Hansen, (Intelligent Vehicles and Transportation, 2). - 9783110666472
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Behavioral signal processing and data-fusion have been two important components of the analytical toolbox that is used to understand driver behavior and implement advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The recent need for quantitative analysis of driver behavior is now driven by a new revelation that incorporating human-like behavior and control strategies in the autonomous vehicles can increase their safety and acceptability in a mixed-fleet traffic environment. In addition to that, the overall safety and efficiency of the driver-vehicle system in a conditional or partial automation (Level 2–4) can be leveraged if the perception, cognition, and action capabilities of driver are enhanced based on driving-task or traffic-scenario. Motivated by this new interest, this work attempts to define a highlevel semantic analysis framework incorporating eye-motion, road-scene, and vehicle dynamics data. The study aims to identify general trends or patterns in driver behavior, especially concerning focus of attention (FoA), based on two categories: traffic scenario and complexity. To perform semantic analysis, open database from DR(eye)VE Project is used. First, the road-scene video and vehicle dynamics data are used together to obtain a complexity measure in addition to automatic recognition of the traffic-scenario. Next, the raw eye-movement data is processed to obtain gaze distribution maps and metrics. Then, a support vector machine (SVM) is trained using gaze metrics to infer the complexity level or the traffic-scenario. To obtain better separation between two classes (i.e., low vs high complexity or urban vs highway scenarios), the SVM is trained using Bayesian optimization. The results showed that based on the gaze distribution, it is possible to distinguish between urban and highway scenarios (85% accuracy), while this distinction between complexity levels can be even stronger (98% accuracy). The framework can be used as a high-level analysis and inference tool to discover behavioral characteristics of drivers and their relation to FoA patterns.
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  • Mathern, Alexandre, 1986, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainability-driven structural design using artificial intelligence
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 20th Congress of IABSE, New York City 2019: The Evolving Metropolis - Report. ; , s. 1058-1065
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The construction industry is responsible for a large share of the global environmental impact. The need for addressing sustainability and increased competition calls for the development of innovative design methods that include sustainability in a transparent way. The aim of this work is to propose a framework to use machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) for structural design optimization based on sustainability and buildability criteria. AI opens up new possibilities to optimize and assess structures early in the planning and design stages. In that way, it is possible to decrease the negative and enhance the positive environmental, economic and social impacts and create a more time‐ and cost‐effective design process. The work is meant to serve as a first step toward the development of AI‐based methods in the construction industry, which can bring digitalization in the construction industry to a new level and create new services and business models.
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  • Salzer, Corinna, 1984 (författare)
  • Sustainability of Social Housing in the Urban Tropics: A Holistic Development Process for Bamboo-Based Construction
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis is motivated by a tremendous need for more inclusive, sustainable and disaster resistant social housing in rapidly developing countries such as the Philippines. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the New Urban Agenda name the use of local raw materials as one area for action. In the Philippines bamboo is an available, culturally rooted material, which is frequently used by rural and urban low-income groups. However, its current use in buildings does not meet the regulatory, technical and social requirements of urban spaces. The general objective of this thesis is to guide the development, implementation, and continuous assessment of a bamboo-based building technology for social housing in the Philippines, according to the multi-dimensional requirements of sustainability. The conceptual framework of the thesis is aligned to the standards EN 15643 and ISO 15392 on the sustainability assessment of buildings. A localization of the standards has been achieved through a multi-stakeholder participatory process. Beyond stakeholders from within the Philippines, this process builds on a learning exchange with Latin America, where significant knowledge on bamboo-based building exists, as well as Europe, where timber frame construction is established. Issue-focused research captured the performances in technical, environmental, social, economic and governance dimensions. It was shown that the most common bamboo species in the Philippines is of a structural grade that is suitable for low-rise house construction. With quality selected, treated bamboo culms and climate-adjusted house designs, the construction of reliable and durable buildings was possible, designed to withstand the impacts of their surrounding environment. The walls received a fire resistance rating of 60 minutes and full-scale test houses withstood the storm impacts of four typhoons with 120–213 km/h wind speeds. A thorough life cycle assessment predicted that the building method results in a 74%-reduction in carbon emissions. Furthermore, surveys and physical measurements attested that a higher indoor thermal comfort is achieved. Active participation was applied throughout the research and implementation activities, and acceptance barriers were overcome among involved stakeholders. Beyond savings from a life cycle cost perspective of the buildings, the use of the renewable local material strengthened local economies and created rural-urban linkages. Sustainability theory was used as a tool for decision-making for the planning, implementation, and continuous improvement of 500 social houses across the Philippines. These were erected by the Base Foundation, an initiative supported by the Hilti Foundation, and its partners. In a continuous improvement process, the achievements and learning obtained in the research and implementation were exchanged in feedback loops over a period of 4 years. Sustainability is shown to be a continuous, balancing process that can be used to transparently discuss and evolve a holistic value proposition. Because adequate housing is only one of many components required for sustainable cities and resilient communities, this thesis aims to contribute to holistic integrated projects and policy advocacy.
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  • Andersen, Maj Munch, et al. (författare)
  • Green Nanotechnology in Nordic Construction: Eco-innovation Strategies and Dynamics in Nordic Window Value Chains
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This project analyzes Nordic trends in the development and industrial uptake of green nanotechno-logy in construction. The project applies an evolutionary economic perspective in analyzing the innovation dynamics and firm strategies in the window value chains in three Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland and Sweden. Hence the project investigates two pervasive parallel market trends: The emergence of the green market and the emergence of nanotechnology. The analysis investigates how a traditional economic sector such as the construction sector reacts to such major trends.Conclusions are multiple, but among the most important are: Eco-innovation has become the perhaps most important driver for innovation in the construction sector. Search into eco-innovative business opportunities is intense among all companies along the three analyzed Nordic window chains. While we generally find a low uptake of nanotechnology in the construction sector in the Nordic countries we do find quite a high number of nanotech applications in the Nordic window chains. Eco-innovation is influencing strongly on the nanotech development. We see several examples of nano-enabled smart, multifunctional green solutions in the Nordic window chains already or about to having a commercial impact. Currently, it seems the greening of markets is beginning to affect the roles different companies play in the chain. We see a marked shift towards more sys-temic, smart eco-innovative solutions which fit well with nanotech opportunities. Overall, the recent greening of the market seems to be opening a window of opportunity for nanotechnology in the Nordic countries but the widespread discreet firm strategizing towards nanotechnology may reduce the exploitation of these.
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