| 1. |
- Bai, Ge, et al.
(författare)
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Frailty trajectories in three longitudinal studies of aging : Is the level or the rate of change more predictive of mortality?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 50:6, s. 2174-2182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: frailty shows an upward trajectory with age, and higher levels increase the risk of mortality. However, it is less known whether the shape of frailty trajectories differs by age at death or whether the rate of change in frailty is associated with mortality.OBJECTIVES: to assess population frailty trajectories by age at death and to analyse whether the current level of the frailty index (FI) i.e. the most recent measurement or the person-specific rate of change is more predictive of mortality.METHODS: 3,689 individuals from three population-based cohorts with up to 15 repeated measurements of the Rockwood frailty index were analysed. The FI trajectories were assessed by stratifying the sample into four age-at-death groups: <70, 70-80, 80-90 and >90 years. Generalised survival models were used in the survival analysis.RESULTS: the FI trajectories by age at death showed that those who died at <70 years had a steadily increasing trajectory throughout the 40 years before death, whereas those who died at the oldest ages only accrued deficits from age ~75 onwards. Higher level of FI was independently associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.47-1.91), whereas the rate of change was no longer significant after accounting for the current FI level. The effect of the FI level did not weaken with time elapsed since the last measurement.CONCLUSIONS: Frailty trajectories differ as a function of age-at-death category. The current level of FI is a stronger marker for risk stratification than the rate of change.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hassing, Linda, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight in midlife and risk of dementia: a 40-year follow-up study
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer. ; 33:8, s. 893-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study examines whether overweight in midlife increases dementia risk later in life. Methods: In 1963 body mass index was assessed in 1152 participants of The Swedish Twin Registry, at the age of 45–65 years. These participants were later screened for dementia in a prospective study with up to 40 years follow-up. A total of 312 participants were diagnosed with dementia. Results: Logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic factors, smoking and alcohol habits, indicated that men and women categorized as overweight in their midlife had an elevated risk of dementia (OR=1.59; 95% CI: 1.21–2.07, P=0.002), Alzheimer's disease (OR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.24–2.35, P=0.003), and vascular dementia (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 0.98–2.47, P=0.059). Further adjustments for diabetes and vascular diseases did not substantially affect the associations, except for vascular dementia (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 0.82–2.56, P=0.116), reflecting the significance of diabetes and vascular diseases in the etiology of vascular dementia. There was no significant interaction between overweight and APOE alt epsilon4 status, indicating that having both risk factors does not have a multiplicative effect with regard to dementia risk. Conclusions: This study gives further support to the notion that overweight in midlife increases later risk of dementia. The risk is increased for both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, and follows the same pattern for men and women. Keywords: BMI, alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia, overweight, obesity
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| 5. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy workplaces for women and men of all ages
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this knowledge compilation is to contribute with knowledge about the work environment in relation to the ever-older workforce. How do employee needs and possibilities change from a course of life perspective? What should the employer and other work environment actors think about in order for the workforce to be able to and want to work to a high age?The Swedish Work Environment Authority wishes to give an overarching knowledge profile of different aspects of the work environment and the ageing workforce, and we therefore asked seven researchers to summarise the research-based knowledge within each of their areas, from a course of life and gender perspective. An eighth researcher acted as an editor for the anthology, and has also written the preface.In summary, the report shows that we are becoming even healthier, living ever longer and working to an ever higher age. Older people in the workforce are positive for the economy because productivity increases, and the business sector can make use of competent and experienced staff for a longer time. But for the older labour force to be healthy and want to work at higher ages, one needs to take into consideration how ageing influences health and the capacity to work. With age, all people are affected to different degrees by reduced vision, hearing and physical capacity, as well as longer reaction times. Even their cognitive capacity changes. Certain cognitive abilities are strengthened with rising age, while others deteriorate. With an ageing workforce, more employees have chronic illnesses, which, however, seldom affect the actual working ability. Changes in working life also affect health and wellbeing, for example deregulated work and the technical development. Age and previous experiences impact upon our ability to adapt to these changes. One factor that promotes adaptation is partly resilience (that is to say, resistance and the ability to adapt to the new), partly compensation strategies when the mental and physical resources change. There are no great differences between gender when it comes to the consequences of ageing on health and wellbeing in the work. On the other hand, the public health trend shows increasing differences in health between the lower educated and the higher educated - a difference increasing more quickly among women than among men. The gender-segregated labour market also means that more women than men work in physical and mentally burdensome work. Attitudes at the workplace also affect wellbeing and the will to continue working at higher ages. Men tend to be more sensitive to age discrimination while women run the risk of double discrimination, that is to say based upon both gender and age. Work environment and the attitude to an older workforce are central to the considerations that an employee makes in the choice between continuing to work and retiring. Other prerequisites that influence the decision are one’s own health, private finances and self-fulfilling activities.The employer can do a great deal to lengthen and improve their employees’ working life. Systematic work environment management benefits everyone, and it can contribute to everyone keeping their working ability and to older people wanting to and being able to work for longer. Occupational health services of good quality also play an important role. Technical aids and adaptation of the working pace and working tasks are other measures that improve the work environment for the older workforce. The employer can also contribute to stimulating work arrangements and organisational support for the employees in order to strengthen their resilience and promote the development of compensation strategies.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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54 forskare: Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. ; :20 December 2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen. Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta. Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor. Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv. Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder. Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder. Läs och se forskning om äldre i arbetslivet. Kerstin Nilsson, Docent i folkhälsovetenskap epidemiologi, Arbets- och miljömedicin Lunds universitet Boo Johansson, Professor i psykologi, AgeCap - Centrum för åldrande och hälsa, Göteborgs universitet Per-Olof Östergren, Professor Socialmedicin och global hälsa, Lunds universitet Roland Kadefors, Professor, avdelningen för Sociologi och Arbetsvetenskap Göteborgs universitet Gunnar Aronsson, Professor i arbets- och organisationspsykologi Psykologiska institutionen Stockholms universitet Margareta Torgén, MD PhD, Arbets- och miljömedicin, Inst med vet Uppsala universitet Sten Gellerstedt, adj professor Luleå tekniska universitet Lena Abrahamsson, Professor i arbetsvetenskap vid Luleå tekniska universitet Catarina Nordander, Docent överläkare Arbets- och miljömedicin Lunds universitet Kai Österberg, Docent, leg psykolog, universitetslektor Institutionen för psykologi, Avd för neuropsykologi, Lunds universitet Ingmar Skoog, Professor Institutionen för neurovetenskap och fysiologi, föreståndare för AgeCap - Centrum för åldrande och hälsa, Göteborgs universitet Pia Hovbrandt, Lic universitetslektor arbetsterapi, Lunds universitet Gerd Johansson, Professor Ergonomi och Aerosolteknologi, Institutionen för designvetenskaper, Lunds universitet Mikael Widell Blomé, Docent Ergonomi och Aerosolteknologi, Institutionen för designvetenskaper, Lunds universitet Mats Bohgard, Professor i arbetsmiljöteknik LTH, Lunds universitet Stefan Pinzke, Docent Arbetsvetenskap, ekonomi och miljöpsykologi, SLU Alnarp Mikael Forsman, Professor i ergonomi, IMM - Institutet för miljömedicin, Karolinska Institutet Peter Lundqvist, Professor Arbetsvetenskap, ekonomi och miljöpsykologi, SLU Alnarp Anna-Lisa Osvalder, Professor i Människa-maskinsystem, Design & Human Factors, Chalmers tekniska högskola och Ergonomi och aerosolteknik, Lunds universitet Inger Arvidsson, Dr.Med.vet. Fysioterapi, Arbets- och miljömedicin, Lunds universitet Peter M. Nilsson, Professor Malmö Kerstin Persson Waye, Professor Arbets- och miljömedicin Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet Janicke Andersson, Fil.Dr. i Äldre och åldrande, Lunds universitet Clary Krekula, Docent i sociologi, Karlstads universitet Elisabet Cedersund, Professor i äldre och åldrande, Linköpings universitet Mona Eklund, Senior professor i arbetsterapi och aktivitetsvetenskap, Lunds universitet Bengt Järvholm, Senior professor i yrkes- och miljömedicin, Umeå universitet Johan Stahre Professor produktionssystem, Chalmers tekniska högskola, ordförande för nationella forsknings- och innovationsrådet inom produktion och sekreterare i svenska Produktionsakademien Elisabeth von Essen Fil.Dr. Arbetsvetenskap, ekonomi och miljöpsykologi SLU Alnarp Maria Sjölund, Fil.Dr. Högskolan i Gävle Maria Warne, Fil.Dr. Mittuniversitetet, Östersund. Lars Rylander, Docent Epidemiolog, Arbets- och miljömedicin Lunds universitet Mikael Ottosson, Docent Arbetsvetenskap, Historiska institutionen, Lunds universitet Mikael Stattin, Docent universitetslektor vid Sociologiska institutionen, Umeå universitet Erika Wall, Docent i sociologi, verksam i rehabiliteringsvetenskap, Mittuniversitetet i Östersund Anna Rignell-Hydbom, Docent Arbets- och miljömedicin Lunds universitet Kjell Torén, Professor överläkare Arbets- och miljömedicin Sahlgrenska Akademin, Göteborgs universitet Susanna Toivanen, Professor i sociologi, inriktning arbetslivsvetenskap, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, Mälardalens högskola Måns Svensson, Docent i rättssociologi Lunds universitet Carita Håkansson, Docent Arbets- och miljömedicin, Lunds universitet Veronica Lövgren, Fil.Dr. Socialt arbete, Umeå universitet Centrum för funktionshinderforskning Mats Hagberg, Professor Arbets- och miljömedicin Sahlgrenska akademin Göteborgs universitet Lotta Dellve, Professor Institutionen för sociologi och arbetsvetenskap, Göteborgs universitet Kerstin Wentz, Professor Arbets- och miljömedicin Sahlgrenska akademin Göteborgs universitet Anna Larsson, Forskningsassistent Arbets- och miljömedicin Lunds universitet Ann Bergman, Professor i arbetsvetenskap Handelshögskolan Karlstads universitet Per Lindberg, Docent i arbetshälsovetenskap, Centrum för belastningsskadeforskning Högskolan i Gävle Christofer Rydenfält, Fil. Dr. Ergonomi och Aerosolteknologi, Institutionen för designvetenskaper, Lunds universitet Kjerstin Stigmar, Med Dr, leg sjukgymnast, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, Lunds universitet Gunnar Gillberg, Fil.Dr. universitetslektor Institutionen för sociologi och arbetsvetenskap Göteborgs universitet Maria Albin, Professor överläkare Institutet för miljömedicin Karolinska institutet Lisa Björk, Dr. arbetsvetenskap och utvecklingsledare vid Institutet för stressmedicin i Göteborg Satu Heikkinen, Fil.Dr. i sociologi, Karlstads universitet Åsa Tjulin, Fil.Dr. Mittuniversitetet, Östersund
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| 7. |
- Robitaille, A, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and cognitive functioning in the oldest old: Within- and between-person cognitive and psychosocial mediators
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1613-9372 .- 1613-9380. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study examines the role of social contact intensity, cognitive activity, and depressive symptoms as within- and between-person mediators for the relationships between physical activity and cognitive functioning. All three types of mediators were considered simultaneously using multilevel structural equations modeling with longitudinal data. The sample consisted of 470 adults ranging from 79.37 to 97.92 years of age (M = 83.4; SD = 3.2) at the first occasion. Between-person differences in cognitive activity mediated the relationship between physical activity and cognitive functioning, such that individuals who participated in more physical activities, on average, engaged in more cognitive activities and, in turn, showed better cognitive functioning. Mediation of between-person associations between physical activity and memory through social contact intensity was also significant. At the within-person level, only cognitive activity mediated the relationship between physical activity and change in cognition; however, the indirect effect was small. Depressive symptomatology was not found to significantly mediate within- or between-person effects on cognitive change. Our findings highlight the implications of physical activity participation for the prevention of cognitive decline and the importance of meditational processes at the between-person level. Physical activity can provide older adults with an avenue to make new friendships and engage in more cognitive activities which, in turn, attenuates cognitive decline.
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| 8. |
- Bergh, Ingrid, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Pain and its relation to cognitive function and depressive symptoms: a Swedish population study of 70-year-old men and women.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of pain and symptom management. - : Elsevier. - 0885-3924 .- 1873-6513. ; 26:4, s. 903-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pain and its characteristics, and to examine the association of pain with cognitive function and depressive symptoms, in a representative sample of 70-year-old men and women. Data were collected within the gerontological and geriatric population studies in G?teborg, Sweden (H-70). A sample of 124 men and 117 women living in the community took part in the study. A questionnaire was applied which included four different aspects of pain experience: prevalence, frequency of episodes of pain, duration and number of locations. In close connection to this, depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The prevalence of pain during the last 14 days was higher in women (79%; n=91) than in men (53%; n=65) (P<0.001). Women (68%; n=78) also reported pain that had lasted for >6 months to a greater extent than men (38%; n=46) (P<0.001). The frequency of episodes of pain was also higher among women, 64% (n=74) reporting daily pain or pain several days during the last 14 days while 37% of the men (n=45) did so (P<0.001). Women (33%, n=38) also reported pain experience from >/=3 locations more often than men (11%; n=13) (P<0.001). On the other hand, the association between depressive symptoms and pain experience was more evident in men than in women. Women were taking significantly more antidepressants compared to men (P<0.03). The results show that pain is common in 70-year-old people and especially in women. However, associations between depressive symptoms and the four aspects of pain experience were more pronounced among men.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hassing, Linda, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight in Midlife Is Related to Lower Cognitive Function 30 Years Later : A Prospective Study with Longitudinal Assessments
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 29:6, s. 543-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine if the body mass index (BMI) in midlife is related to cognitive function 30 years later in a dementia-free sample. Methods: BMI was reported in 1963 at age 50–60 years, and cognitive abilities were examined 30 years later in a longitudinal design with 5 measurement occasions at 2-year intervals (n = 417). The cognitive abilities examined included tests of long-term memory, short-term memory, speed, verbal and spatial ability. Results: Multilevel modeling adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, and relevant diseases showed that a higher BMI in midlife predicted lower test performance 30 years later. Significant associations between BMI and level of performance were found in all cognitive abilities; however, a higher midlife BMI was not associated with steeper cognitive decline. Conclusion: Our results indicate that midlife overweight is related to lower overall cognitive function in old age. The fact that BMI-related effects were noted in mean-level cognitive performance, whereas only one ability showed differences in slopes, suggests that the negative effect of overweight has an onset before the entry into very old age.
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