| 1. |
- Mc Conville, Jennifer R, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Closing the food loops: Guidelines and criteria for improving nutrient management
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1548-7733. ; 11:2, s. 33-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As global consumption expands, the world is increasingly facing threats to resource availability and food security. To meet future food demands, agricultural resource efficiency needs to be optimized for both water and nutrients. Policy makers should start to radically rethink nutrient management across the entire food chain. Closing the food loop by recycling nutrients in food waste and excreta is an important way of limiting the use of mineral nutrients, as well as improving national and global food security. This article presents a framework for sustainable nutrient management and discusses the responsibility of four key stakeholder groups—agriculture, the food industry, consumers, and waste management—for achieving an effective food loop. In particular, we suggest a number of criteria, policy actions, and supporting strategies based on a cross-sectoral application of the waste hierarchy.
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| 2. |
- Nyberg, Gert, et al.
(författare)
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Enclosures in West Pokot, Kenya: Transforming land, livestock and livelihoods in drylands
- 2015
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Ingår i: Pastoralism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-7136 .- 2041-7128. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dryland livestock production systems are changing in many parts of the world, as a result of growing human populations and associated pressure on water and land. Based on a combination of social and natural science methods, we studied a 30-year transformation process from pastoralism to a livestock-based agro-pastoral system in northwestern Kenya, with the overall aim to increase the understanding of the ongoing transition towards intensified agro-pastoralist production systems in dryland East Africa.Key to this transformation was the use of enclosures for land rehabilitation, fodder production, and land and livestock management. Enclosures have more soil carbon and a higher vegetation cover than adjacent areas with open grazing. The level of adoption of enclosures as a management tool has been very high, and their use has enabled agricultural diversification, e.g. increased crop agriculture, poultry production and the inclusion of improved livestock. Following the use of enclosures, livelihoods have become less dependent on livestock migration, are increasingly directed towards agribusinesses and present new opportunities and constraints for women. These livelihood changes are closely associated with, and depend on, an ongoing privatization of land under different tenure regimes.The results indicate that the observed transformation provides opportunities for a pathway towards a sustainable livestock-based agro-pastoral system that could be valid in many dryland areas in East Africa. However, we also show that emergent risks of conflicts and inequalities in relation to land, triggered by the weakening of collective property rights, pose a threat to the sustainability of this pathway.
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| 3. |
- Persson, Martin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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A method for calculating a land-use change carbon footprint (LUC-CFP) for agricultural commodities - applications to Brazilian beef and soy, Indonesian palm oil
- 2014
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2486 .- 1354-1013. ; 20:11, s. 3482-3491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The world's agricultural system has come under increasing scrutiny recently as an important driver of global climate change, creating a demand for indicators that estimate the climatic impacts of agricultural commodities. Such carbon footprints, however, have in most cases excluded emissions from land-use change and the proposed methodologies for including this significant emissions source suffer from different shortcomings. Here, we propose a new methodology for calculating land-use change carbon footprints for agricultural commodities and illustrate this methodology by applying it to three of the most prominent agricultural commodities driving tropical deforestation: Brazilian beef and soybeans, and Indonesian palm oil. We estimate land-use change carbon footprints in 2010 to be 66 tCO2/t meat (carcass weight) for Brazilian beef, 0.89 tCO2/t for Brazilian soybeans, and 7.5 tCO2/t for Indonesian palm oil, using a 10 year amortization period. The main advantage of the proposed methodology is its flexibility: it can be applied in a tiered approach, using detailed data where it is available while still allowing for estimation of footprints for a broad set of countries and agricultural commodities; it can be applied at different scales, estimating both national and subnational footprints; it can be adopted to account both for direct (proximate) and indirect drivers of land-use change. It is argued that with an increasing commercialization and globalization of the drivers of land-use change, the proposed carbon footprint methodology could help leverage the power needed to alter environmentally destructive land-use practices within the global agricultural system by providing a tool for assessing the environmental impacts of production, thereby informing consumers about the impacts of consumption and incentivizing producers to become more environmentally responsible.
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| 4. |
- Sircar, Srilata, et al.
(författare)
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Gender issues in contemporary research on agriculture for food security - Knowledge gaps and key issues across the AgriFoSe2030 themes
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Agriculture in low- and middle-income countries faces considerable challenges, ranging from increased food demand to climate change impacts, with rapidly evolving scope and complexity. At the same time, the opportunities to address these challenges are significant, which brings optimism that effortsin agricultural research can succeed. One major barrier, however, threatens to inhibit the impacts of agricultural research: the low level of gender equity in low- and middle-income countries. This is problematic on many levels and across entire crop and livestock value chains, all the way to landscape management.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Ambio fit for the 2020s
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:5, s. 1091-1093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Henders, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Forest Carbon Leakage Quantification Methods and Their Suitability for Assessing Leakage in REDD
- 2012
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Ingår i: Forests. - Geneva, Switzerland : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 3:1, s. 33-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper assesses quantification methods for carbon leakage from forestry activities for their suitability in leakage accounting in a future Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) mechanism. To that end, we first conducted a literature review to identify specific pre-requisites for leakage assessment in REDD. We then analyzed a total of 34 quantification methods for leakage emissions from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS), the Climate Action Reserve (CAR), the CarbonFix Standard (CFS), and from scientific literature sources. We screened these methods for the leakage aspects they address in terms of leakage type, tools used for quantification and the geographical scale covered. Results show that leakage methods can be grouped into nine main methodological approaches, six of which could fulfill the recommended REDD leakage requirements if approaches for primary and secondary leakage are combined. The majority of methods assessed, address either primary or secondary leakage; the former mostly on a local or regional and the latter on national scale. The VCS is found to be the only carbon accounting standard at present to fulfill all leakage quantification requisites in REDD. However, a lack of accounting methods was identified for international leakage, which was addressed by only two methods, both from scientific literature.
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| 7. |
- Malmborg, Katja, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge co-production in the Helge å catchment : a comparative analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2639-5908 .- 2639-5916. ; 18:1, s. 565-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addressing sustainability challenges in landscape management requires processes for co-producing usable knowledge together with those who will use that knowledge. Participatory futures methods are powerful tools for attaining such knowledge. The applications of such methods are diverse and understanding the intricacies of the knowledge co-production process is important to further develop these research practices. To improve participatory futures methods and contribute to systematic and critical reflections on methodology, we present a comparative analysis of four research projects that applied participatory futures methods in the same study area. Conducted between 2011 and 2020, these projects aimed to co-produce knowledge about the future provision of ecosystem services in the Helge a catchment area in southern Sweden. For structuring the post-hoc, self-reflexive analysis, we developed a framework dividing the knowledge co-production process into three dimensions: settings, synthesis and diffusion. We based the analysis on documentation from the projects, a two-step questionnaire to each research team, a workshop with co-authors and interviews with key participants. The comparison highlights steps in project decision-making, explicit and implicit assumptions in our respective approaches and how these assumptions informed process design in the projects. Our detailed description of the four knowledge co-production processes points to the importance of flexibility in research design, but also the necessity for researchers and other participants to adapt as the process unfolds.
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| 8. |
- Olausson, Inger
(författare)
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Trädgårdsmästaren i skärgården
- 2011
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Ingår i: Företagsminnen. - : Centrum för näringslivshistoria. - 1101-7473. ; :4, s. 21-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Erik Nilsson inledde sin yrkesbana som handelsträdgårdsmästare på Runmarö i Stockholms skärgård vid 14 års ålder och upphörde att odla först när synen försämrades i åttioårsåldern. Arealen omfattade knappt ett halvt hektar – med som mest tre växthus och hundra drivbänkar. Blommor, grönsaker, rotfrukter och bär fraktades med båt till torget i Sandhamn.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Bo, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Anaerobic digestion of alfalfa silage with recirculation of process liquid
- 2007
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 98:1, s. 104-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process liquid recirculation initially stimulated one-phase anaerobic digestion of alfalfa silage in two semi-continuously fed and stirred tank reactors. Thus, with increased pH, alkalinity and stability it was possible to increase the organic loading rate to 3 g VS L-1 d-1, as compared to 2.25 g VS L-1 d-1 in a control reactor without recirculation. However, the recirculation of liquid eventually caused an accumulation of organic and inorganic substances, leading to an inhibition of hydrolysis and methanogenesis. This inhibition of microbial activity was prevented in one of the processes by replacing 50% of the recirculated process liquid with water during the second half of the operation period. A multiple linear regression model of principal components using seven input variables explained the variance in output variables nearly as well as the original model using all 23 measured input variables. The results show that it is necessary to adjust the degree of liquid recirculation to reach an optimal process. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Westholm, Lisa, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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REDD+ revisited - steady pace or passed momentum?
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two years ago Focali published an update on the latest development in REDD+ pilot initiatives (Focali Brief 2010:04). We now revisit the REDD+ scene to take a look at what has happened with the initiatives, investments and readiness work as the negotiations seem to have lost momentum.
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