| 1. |
- Drury O'Neill, Elizabeth, 1988-
(författare)
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Small-Scale Fisheries Governance : Broadening Perspectives on Markets, Relationships and Benefits in Seafood Trade
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate adresses the relative ambiguity surounding benefit flows from small-scale fisheries seafood trade with a specific focus on how they may be impacted by market and social stuctures. Small-scale fishery governenace has previously taken a narrowly approach to sustainability. Focused on managing fishing activities, economic-led market interventions and overlooking the embededness of the fishers within a broader social structure. Also failing to address fisheries as interlinked social-ecological systems where feedbacks between the two can impact future sustainability. The larger PhD project takes a step towards combining these two out-of-focus areas by taking a systems perspective, through a Value Chain approach, to fisheries governance, associated market influences and the consequent benefit flows from marine ecosystem services. This licentiate begins by unpacking dynamics within the social realm that may impact benefit flows and ultimately resource extraction decisions, potentially contributing to feedbacks from the marine ecosystem. Research uses mixed-methods and is case-orientated with sites across two tropical marine small-scale fisheries in Zanzibar and the Philippines. Results present two market environments with distinct structures, conduct, reciprocity systems and notably, gender roles. However both systems experience economic transactions underlain by broader social relations and binds. These various features manifest themselves in different, yet often unexpected, ways through income equalities, distributions and reciprocal networks of fishers and trading actors. Once a broadened and diversified view of the SSF trading environment is appropriated, it is clear that benefit flows are impacted by various contextual features (e.g. gender, transaction forms and buyer types). Governance-related research or interventions should incorporate undervalued local attributes such as cultural characteristics, social relationships and market participation as they play a role in who benefits from seafood trade. Thus If governance is to be improved for sustainably increasing food and livelihood security it is necessary to unpack these benefit flow mechanisms and, in particular, the local social dynamics that mediate fishers’ everyday interplay with the marine ecosystem. Future steps include the aim to identify potential social-ecological feedbacks between the disentangled market environments and the local marine ecosystems as a result of interactions in SSF trade.
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| 2. |
- Amentae, Tadesse Kenea
(författare)
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Evaluation of supply chains and post-harvest losses of selected food commodities in Ethiopia
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Supply chain management practices and losses in food value chains of three major food commodities in Ethiopia (milk, teff and warqe or enset) were evaluated in this thesis. Teff is a cereal, while warqe is a perennial plant from which the food products kocho and bulla are extracted. Teff, kocho and bulla are staple foods for many Ethiopians. In the three case studies, value chain analysis, questionnaire-based loss estimations and Likert scale-based loss factor evaluation were applied. Qualitative and quantitative primary data were collected using a semi-structured survey questionnaire and key informant interviews. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Tobit and Probit models in SPSS and Microsoft Excel software. The study identified major chain actors and losses at each stage of the food supply chains. In the milk chain, estimated losses were 3.35%, 5.46%, 2.45%, 0.95%, 1.23% and 0.88% at producers, cooperatives/union, wholesalers, retailers, processors and catering institutions, respectively. In the teff chain, estimated losses were 8.18%, 1.67%, 2.85% and 3.58% at producers, wholesalers, retailers and catering institutions/consumer stage, respectively, while the corresponding values in the kocho chain were 5.8%, 15.2%, 24% and 5.8%, respectively. In the bulla chain, 1.4%, 3.1%, 12.6%, 28.8% and 4.5% losses were estimated to occur at producers, wholesalers, retailers, processors and catering institutions/consumer stage, respectively. The loss hotspots identified were cooperatives, farmers, retailers and processors for milk, teff, kocho and bulla, respectively. Poor handling at collection points, the threshing process and poor packaging and processing facilities were among the major problems causing losses. Tobit model analysis identified distance to the nearest market as the most important factor for farmers’ post-harvest losses, while Probit analysis identified attendance in formal education as most determining for value addition decisions in the teff chain. Relationships among the chain actors were mostly based on spot transactions, lacking long-term market orientation and adequate mutuality and trust. However, application of supply chain management (SCM) practices could potentially improve the overall supply chains and reduce food losses.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Byström, Kristina
(författare)
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Djur och natur som stöd för psykologisk utveckling hos barn och ungdomar med autism : ett nytt och mer fritt sätt att utvecklas genom social interaktion
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskning visar att djur kan ge socialt och emotionellt stöd till barn och ungdomar med autism men få studier har undersökt husdjurens betydelse för barnens utveckling eller betydelsen av att inkludera natur och djur i en längre samspelsbehandling. Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva och förklara på vilka sätt som natur och djur kan tillföra värden som underlättar för gruppens psykologiska utveckling. Den första artikeln är en fokusgruppstudie med syftet att undersöka betydelsen av husdjur för barn och ungdomar med autism sett från föräldrarnas perspektiv. Resultatet visade sammantaget att husdjur kan bidra med stöd till gruppens sociala utveckling men också till utveckling av beteenden och funktioner samt förbättra psykisk hälsa och livskvalité. Tre teman hittades: 1. Kvalitén på relationen med husdjuret. 2. Ökad interaktion med människor. 3. Optimera barnens funktioner och utveckling. Barnen och ungdomarnas intressen och aktiviteter med husdjuren var mer sociala än icke sociala och av en annan kvalité än de begränsade och repetitiva beteenden som barn med autism vanligtvis är engagerade i. Den andra artikeln är en diskussion med syftet att söka efter en teoretisk modell som fördjupar förståelsen av vilka mekanismer som kan ligga bakom positiva effekter av att involvera natur och djur i en utvecklingsstödjande längre samspelsbehandling. Metoden i artikeln är grundad teori. Data kommer från en behandlingsmodell (ett och ett halvt år, totalt nio barn), från miljöpsykologi och från utvecklingspsykologi, både typisk och atypisk som vid autism. Resultatet består av tre nyckelkategorier: 1. Minska stress och inge lugn och ro. 2. Väcka nyfikenhet och intresse. 3. Framkalla spontan uppmärksamhet. Dessa tre nyckelkategorier är relaterade till en underliggande kärnvariabel, vitalitetsformer, vilka beskrevs av Daniel Stern och som enligt honom har betydelse för att skapa globala upplevelseformer, dvs helhetsupplevelser. Här argumenteras för att vitalitetsformerna från natur och djur kan vara särskilt gynnsamma för att åstadkomma goda ögonblick av samspel mellan barnet och behandlare som befrämjar psykologisk utveckling. Utgångspunkten är hjärnans sätt att koda in många interna och externa händelser, baserade på rörelseperception. Avhandlingens resultat visar att natur och djur kan vara goda omständigheter för barn och ungdomar med autism att klara av att skapa mening av sina upplevelser i naturligt uppkomna situationer och ögonblick. Sådana ögonblick har också visat sig kunna inbegripa socialt engagerat samspel och kommunikation med andra människor där stödet till barnet kan ges direkt när något händer. Framtida forskning får utvisa om denna typ av fördjupade och tydliga upplevelser i samband med natur och djur kan bilda en ny och kompletterande behandlingsväg för barn med autism och so m optimerar villkoren för den psykologiska Djur och natur som stöd för psykologisk utveckling hos barn och ungdomar med autism. Ett nytt och mer fritt sätt att utvecklas genom social interaktion Sammanfattning utvecklingen genom socialt samspel. Om så är fallet ses också möjligheten för att psykisk hälsa och livskvalité förbättras.
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| 5. |
- Norlin, Måns
(författare)
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Communicating visions for urban development : a micro-study of a governance process
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies the topic of policy making in the context of producing a comprehensive plan. The thesis uses the case of a municipality in Sweden. Contributing to the understanding of how governance processes can be performed, this thesis studies policy making in a collaborative situation. A form of micro-study is used to scrutinize in detail the dialogues between participants. The thesis applies Membership Categorization Analysis and Conversation Analysis to uncover the participants' accomplishments. The approaches reveal a variety of ways the participants perform planning, how visions and strategies are implemented in practice and how participants can reach agreement on planning issues. The study provides planning research with further understanding of the situatedness and epistemology of policy making, and it brings to light the variety of ways participants in policy making can enter and inform discussions, thereby enhancing the level of democracy in governance processes.
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| 6. |
- Pendrill, Florence, 1983
(författare)
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Felling Forests from Afar: Quantifying Deforestation Driven by Agricultural Expansion and International Trade
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Deforestation is a major source of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions and the largest threat to terrestrial biodiversity. Most forest loss is due to the expansion of agricultural land use increasingly driven by international demand for food, fuel and fibre. However, there is still limited understanding of the extent to which different agricultural commodities are contributing to deforestation. It has therefore also been difficult to evaluate the role of international trade in driving deforestation. This dissertation aims at quantifying the agricultural drivers of tropical deforestation (Papers I and II) and the associated carbon emissions (Paper III). It further assesses the role of international trade, by following the agricultural commodities with embodied deforestation through international supply chains using trade models (Papers II and III). The results show that a few commodity types, primarily cattle meat and oilseed products, account for a large part of tropical deforestation. Much (26–39%) of the embodied deforestation and concomitant emissions were found to be associated with international demand (from products and services). Looking closer at the countries that import embodied deforestation, Paper II finds that many countries that are increasing their forest cover at home, import products associated with deforestation elsewhere, thereby offsetting about a third of their forest gains. Paper III finds that imports of embodied deforestation emissions for many developed countries are similar in size to their national agricultural emissions amounting, e.g., for the EU, to around 15% of the carbon footprint of an average diet. Put together, the results add to the evidence that combating deforestation can benefit from complementing domestic policies with measures that target international demand. The results also indicate that tackling deforestation and its associated impacts at the global level is probably even more challenging than at the national level, although international trade can also provide efficiency gains by optimising land use globally.
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| 7. |
- Westerlund, Tina, 1972
(författare)
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Trädgårdsmästarens förökningsmetoder – schema och katalog över förökningsdelar vid vegetativ förökning av fleråriga örtartade växter
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this licentiate thesis is to gather and classify information about traditional vegetative propagation of perennial herbaceous plants. This thesis is the first, self-contained part of a survey of propagation methods used by horticulturists. The overarching issue concerns horticultural craft practice and knowledge as explanations, understanding and skills in the conditions, processes, and procedures in plant propagation practices. Knowledge of plant propagation is based on a long tradition of horticultural activities in which the transfer of knowledge has mainly been restricted to the working process. However, in recent decades, the number of professional propagators has decreased. As a consequence, there is an increasing risk that some aspects of this knowledge will be lost to future generations. Admittedly, written information about plant propagation is scattered in various sources, but it is difficult to find instructions that clearly describe the various procedures and action steps, and the variants of the same, included in the propagation process. In order to determine and evaluate the relationship between instructions of how work is (or ought to be) performed and plants of various kinds requires either that you have extensive practical experience, or that you have a clear method for organizing, analysing and drawing conclusions about performance in propagation practices. One part of this method is structuring of information. Therefore the question to be considered in this study is: What is the best way to organize collected information on vegetative propagation methods in order for it to function as instructions for the practical work? Information is obtained by observations in nurseries, in dialogue with professional growers and an examination of instructions in written sources. Part of the methodology was that the investigator was involved as an active participant. A key part of the inquiry has therefore been my own propagation trials and experiments carried out with students. The result is a model for sorting and structuring propagation methods based on the plant parts used for vegetative propagation. The model is presented as a scheme and a catalogue. In addition to the aim of constructing the scheme and the catalogue, an additional purpose is to take the first steps towards the propagation instructions in focus in the second part of the study. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible model expansions, as well as how the model can be related to various growth habits. The underlying idea is that the link between reproduction and growth habit may reveal untested combinations of propagation techniques and plant species. It should also be possible to provide answers to why and how the various methods of vegetative propagation work, and how they might evolve.
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| 8. |
- Bryngelsson, David, 1981
(författare)
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On Food Price Implications from Expanded Bioenergy Production
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bioenergy has been put forward as a solution to energy security and at the same time to climate change. It is, however, dependent on productive agricultural land, which is a limited resource. Introduction of bioenergy on a large scale will thus compete with food production and natural forests for productive land, a competition expected to affect food prices.In this thesis I focus on poverty nourishment issues related to changing food prices and on the mechanisms of land-use competition and how they affect food prices. In the first paper we use two established indicators for poverty and sensitivity to food-price changes, to capture peoples' vulnerability to rising food-prices, in four Sub-Sahara African countries/regions. In contrast to previous studies, we include all food products instead of just one or a few main staples. We found that the vast majority of people are net consumers of food and that the inclusion of more than main staples increases their net position as consumers and thus vulnerability to high food prices. In paper two and three a conceptual and transparent partial equilibrium model of global land-use competition is developed, analyzed and applied. The model is to a large degree analytically explored and price differentials between crops are derived. The model is subjected to a detailed characterization of its mechanisms and parameters in which parameters that are critical to results and conclusions from the model are detected and their impacts depicted. We conclude that the total amount of productive agricultural area is of crucial importance to the price impacts from large-scale introduction of bioenergy. Yields of bioenergy crops are also important since they determine the amount of land required to produce the bioenergy.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Mattias
(författare)
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Bioenergy from the Swedish forest sector : a partial equilibrium analysis of supply costs and implications for the forest product markets
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As a response to policy requirements to improve energy security, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the use of bioenergy in Sweden has more than doubled since 1980. In 2008 bioenergy use in Sweden amounted to 108 TWh, or 18% of the total supply of primary energy. Nearly all of this bioenergy supply originates from the domestic forest sector. There is still a desire from policy makers to continuously increase the use of renewable energy. Further increases in demand for forest based bioenergy – either as an effect of direct subsidies, renewable energy supply targets, rising fossil fuel prices, or increasing costs for carbon emissions – could, however, lead to implications for the availability of raw materials and costs, for the wood processing industries. A static partial equilibrium model of the Swedish forest sector – based on the EFI-GTM model structure – is developed to derive supply cost curves for further increases in the use of bioenergy from the forest sector in Sweden. In addition, the implications of increased use of forest based bioenergy on the traditional wood processing industries are analyzed. Model simulations indicate that the cost – in terms of losses in producer and consumer surplus – of an increase in the use of forest based bioenergy by 5 TWh/year in Sweden is 30 million SEK/year, while a 30 TWh/year increase would cost 620 million SEK/year. The marginal cost of increased use is estimated to be 0.011 SEK/kWh at 5 TWh/year, rising to 0.044 SEK/kWh at 30 TWh/year. The costs of reaching a target for increased forest based bioenergy use are highly dependent on the availability of pulpwood imports. An import restriction – requiring the target to be reached through domestic resources only – would increase the costs by up to five times above the unrestricted case. Policy driven increases in the demand for forest based bioenergy will have considerable effects on wood board producers, while the implications for pulp and paper producers, and sawn goods producers, are relatively small; at least as long as the increase in forest based wood fuels is less than 20 TWh/year.
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| 10. |
- Drenning, Paul David, 1992
(författare)
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Gentle Remediation Options (GRO) for Managing Risks and Providing Ecosystem Services at Contaminated Sites
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Soils are a non-renewable resource and comprise a key component of the world's stock of natural capital. Due to industrialisation, urbanisation and other patterns of unsustainable development, widespread land degradation in the form of contamination, soil sealing, compaction, etc. has impaired the capacity of soils to perform their essential functions and provide humans with vital ecosystem services. Brownfields are typically urban or peri-urban sites that have been affected by the former uses of the site, are or are perceived to be contaminated, and require intervention to bring them back to beneficial use. They also constitute an important and underutilised land and soil resource to provide ecosystem services in urban areas as an element of green infrastructure through the use of nature-based solutions such as gentle remediation options (GRO). Gentle Remediation Options (GRO) are remediation measures involving plants, fungi, bacteria, and soil amendments that can be applied to manage risks at contaminated sites. Several studies and decision-support tools promote the wider range of benefits provided by GRO, including improving soil function to provide ecosystem services, but there is still scepticism regarding GRO implementation. Interviews with a small group of experts have elucidated some of the main possibilities and challenges for GRO implementation in Sweden. As a result, a risk management framework for GRO has been developed to strengthen the decision basis for GRO implementation in practice and address some of the key issues that need to be better communicated, including the various risk mitigation mechanisms, the required risk reduction for an envisioned land use, and the time perspective associated with the risk mitigation mechanisms. The framework is envisioned to be used as a tool for risk communication with stakeholders, decision-makers and regulatory agencies to identify GRO strategies for managing risks at contaminated sites and supporting phytomanagement for sustainable remediation and development. Two case studies are used to demonstrate the application of the risk management framework: Polstjärnegatan and Kolleberga.
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