| 1. |
- Abouhatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of import demand for Egyptian potatoes in Germany and the United Kingdom
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1132, s. 39-48
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Union (EU) is the major import market for Egyptian fresh potatoes. Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) jointly imported about 44% of Egyptian potato exports to the EU during the period 1994-2012. This study sought to identify the determinants of import demand for Egyptian potatoes in these two countries. A general differentiated demand system approach was used to estimate conditional potato import demand per country. For each country, it was assumed that the system of conditional import demand equations for potatoes is specified according to the sources of origin and also depends on all imported potato prices and total import potato expenditure. When estimated econometrically, this import demand model allows conditional price and expenditure elasticities to be derived. The econometric results indicated that with an estimated elasticity of 1.95, Egyptian potato exports responded significantly to total expenditure on imported potatoes by Germany. On the other hand, Egyptian potato exports to Germany did not exhibit significant price responses. In all cases but one, estimated conditional uncompensated price elasticities were not statistically different from zero. However, more interesting results were obtained concerning the price responses of Egyptian potato exports to the UK, whereby the conditional (uncompensated) direct elasticity of potato imports from Egypt to the UK (-0.71) showed an inelastic response to its own price. Furthermore, Egyptian potato exports seemed to compete on the UK market with potatoes originating from Israel and France, while they displayed complementarity with Dutch imports.
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| 2. |
- Lozano, Julian E., et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous impacts of large carnivores on hunting lease prices
- 2021
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Notwithstanding their crucial role in ecosystem functionality, large carnivores generally entail economic costs to hunters due to competition for the same prey. This cost could potentially vary depending on carnivore density and the game hunting values at stake. We estimate a hedonic price model applying the unconditional quantile regression method in order to investigate the impact of large carnivores along the distribution of hunting lease prices in Sweden. We compare these impacts with those obtained from conditional quantile regressions, as well as from ordinary least squares estimations. Based on the unconditional quantile estimates, our results indicate that wolf, lynx and bear can exert a negatively significant effect in the middle range of the outcome distribution, while no significant impact is found in the lower quantiles. For the statistically significant quantiles, the average marginal implicit price of an additional wolf territory in the study area is around 3.35 million Swedish kronor (SEK) per year, namely 358 thousand Euros (EUR). This corresponds to an annual reduction in the mean hunting lease price per hectare by 21% in the municipality where the territory is established. Similarly, an additional lynx family group entails an average marginal implicit price of SEK 3.55 million (EUR 379 thousand) per year, and an additional brown bear individual entails an average marginal implicit price of nearly SEK 110 thousand (EUR 11.6 thousand) per year. The corresponding impact on the mean hunting lease price per hectare is a reduction by 22.4% and 0.6% for an additional lynx family group and an additional brown bear individual, respectively, in the municipality where the establishment occurs. Results can be useful for policies targeting the spatial distribution of large carnivores. © 2020 The Authors
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| 3. |
- Surry, Yves
(författare)
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Fruit and vegetable production in the new millennium Will Mediterranean production satisfy increasing European demand?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Outlook On Agriculture. - : SAGE Publications. - 0030-7270 .- 2043-6866. ; 38, s. 235-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Barcelona Agreement, which aims to establish a free trade zone between most Mediterranean countries and the EU, was seen as an opportunity for the former to gain easier access to and increase their share of the European fruit and vegetable market. Mediterranean countries are traditional growers of fruit and vegetables, but are struggling to remain competitive in the global market. This paper reports on the current situation and on future prospects for production and trade in fruit and vegetables in the Mediterranean, emphasizing the challenges these countries need to tackle to increase their competitiveness.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Yano, Yuki, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Alternative Domestic and Trade Policies for Biofuels on Market Variability in the United States
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of first generation biofuels, based on existing agricultural crops such as corn and sugarcane, has strengthened the linkage between agricultural commodity markets and energy markets. This paper analyzes the implications of U.S. domestic and trade policies for ethanol in the face of fluctuations in petroleum prices and the domestic supply of feedstock (corn). The current U.S. policy mix involves a prohibitive tariff on imported ethanol, a fixed subsidy for blending ethanol with gasoline, and a blending or consumption mandate. Under this closed economy case, as the likelihood that the mandate is binding increases the variability of ethanol use declines, the impact of oil price variations on corn prices is reduced, and the impact of corn supply variations on corn prices is increased. The effect on corn prices of changes in domestic biofuel policy, such as a reduction in the level of subsidy or an increase in the mandate, depends on the source of external shocks and their relative magnitudes. If a non-prohibitive tariff is applied corn prices would still be susceptible to fluctuations in oil prices while total ethanol use exceeds the mandated level, but the impact of domestic corn supply variability on corn prices would be reduced. The magnitude of the reduction depends on the flexibility of the use of corn for ethanol. If the mandate is binding, the impact of corn supply fluctuations on corn prices is increased, but is less than under a prohibitive tariff because blenders can adjust the use of domestic and imported ethanol to achieve the mandate. The impact of world oil price variability on corn prices under a binding mandate largely depends on how the import supply curve for imported ethanol is affected. If the minimum supply-inducing price for imported ethanol is sensitive to petroleum prices, corn prices could be affected by petroleum price fluctuations even when the U.S. ethanol mandate is binding. In the open economy case, the impact of domestic and trade policies for ethanol on the variability of domestic corn prices depends on the relative magnitudes of external shocks as well as on ethanol policies in supplying countries. Holding the minimum supply-inducing price of imported ethanol and expected imports constant and assuming that total ethanol use exceeds the mandate, the aggregate quantity of ethanol used in the United States is less susceptible to fluctuations in petroleum prices under an ad valorem tariff than under a specific tariff. But with a binding mandate, fluctuations in domestic corn supply have a larger impact on corn prices with an ad valorem tariff than with a specific tariff. The use of a variable tariff for imported ethanol could stabilize corn prices under a binding mandate, but could lead to increased variability in world ethanol prices
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| 7. |
- Yano, Yuki, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Feedstock Supply and Petroleum Price Variability on Domestic Biofuel and Feedstock Markets – The Case of the United States
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The promotion of biofuel use in preference to traditional petroleum-based transportation fuel has linked agricultural commodity markets and energy markets more closely together. Biofuel policies can involve multiple policy instruments, but studies examining their effects on biofuel feedstock and energy markets are scarce. In addition, the impact of alternative policy approaches in the context of variability in petroleum prices and the supply of biofuel feedstock has received limited attention. Focusing on the current situation in the United States, in which prohibitively high duties prevent imports of ethanol, this paper examines how variability in the price of petroleum and corn supply affects domestic market variability under three types of domestic policies, inclusive of their combinations, for promoting the use of ethanol: 1) the provision of a fixed subsidy (tax credit) for blending ethanol with gasoline; 2) the use of a blending mandate; and 3) the use of a consumption mandate. Varying relative variability in petroleum price and corn supply, we analyze numerically the implications of changes in domestic biofuel policy for variability (measured by the coefficient of variation) in ethanol use and corn prices. We also provide some brief insights into the design of market stabilization policies. Results obtained from Monte Carlo simulations show that in the absence of mandates the quantity of ethanol used under a subsidy policy is highly susceptible to fluctuations in oil prices and corn supply, providing that there are no constraints to adjustment in ethanol demand. The impact of oil price fluctuations on the price of corn is large, but corn supply fluctuations have no or a small impact on the equilibrium corn price, depending on the flexibility of the use of corn in ethanol refining. This is because variations in ethanol volume absorb shocks caused by corn supply fluctuations. Consequently, high fluctuations in the price of petroleum are expected to result in high variability in the corn price in the absence of mandates. With a mandate (with or without a subsidy), as the likelihood that the mandate becomes binding increases, variability in ethanol use declines, the impact of variations in petroleum price on corn prices is reduced, and the impact of variations in corn supply on prices is accentuated. Therefore, if the mandate is likely to be binding, high fluctuations in corn supply are expected to result in high variability in the corn price. If the likelihood that ethanol use exceeds the mandated level is high, the effects are similar to those in the absence of a mandate. The effects of changes in biofuel policy, such as a reduction in the level of tax credit under a mandate and an increase in its level, on the price of corn depend on the relative magnitudes of world oil price and domestic corn supply fluctuations
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Abu Hatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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An econometric investigation of EU's import demand for fresh potato : a source differentiated analysis focusing on Egypt
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies. - : Emerald. - 2044-0839 .- 2044-0847.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – A better understanding of the determinants of demand through accurate estimates of the elasticityof import demand can help policymakers and exporters improve their market access and competitiveness. This study analyzed the EU’s demand for imported potato from major suppliers between 1994 and 2018, with the aim to evaluate the competitiveness of Egyptian potato.Design/methodology/approach – This study adopted an import-differentiated framework to investigatedemand relationships among the major potato suppliers to the EU’s. To evaluate the competitiveness of Egyptian potato on the EU market, expenditure and price demand elasticities for various suppliers werecalculated and compared.Findings – The empirical results indicated that as income allocation of fresh potatoes increases, theinvestigated EU markets import more potatoes from other suppliers compared to imports from Egypt. The results show that EU importers may switch to potato imports from other suppliers as the import price ofEgyptian potatoes increases, which enter the EU markets before domestically produced potatoes are harvested.Research limitations/implications – Due to data unavailability, the present study relied on yearly data onquantities and prices of EU potato imports. A higher frequency of observations should allow for consideringseasonal effects, and thereby providing a more transparent picture of market dynamics and demand behaviorof EU countries with respect to potato import from various sources of origin.Originality/value – The study used a system-wide and source differentiated approach to analyze importdemand. In particular, the empirical approach allowed for comparing different demand models (AIDS,Rotterdam, NBR and CBS) to filter out the superior and most suitable model for that data because the suitabilityand performance of a demand model depends rather on data than on universal criteria.
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| 10. |
- Amuakwa-Mensah, Salome, et al.
(författare)
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Association between rural electrification and agricultural output: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2022
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Ingår i: World Development Perspectives. - : Elsevier. - 2452-2929 .- 2468-0532. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the association between rural electrification and agricultural output at the macro level using panel data on 43 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1990 to 2016. We employed Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) with time trend and country fixed effect in our econometrics estimation to address the potential serial correlation. Our study investigates the following; i) the association between rural electrification and agricultural output, measured as agricultural output per GDP and agricultural output per worker, ii) whether the relationship between rural electrification and agricultural output is conditional on institutional quality of a country, and iii) whether electrification enhances the marginal effect of factor inputs. We find a positive significant association between rural electrification and agricultural output. Also, our result shows that the relationship between electrification and agricultural output is conditional on the quality of institution and factor inputs of a country. With the exception of capital, the association between the interaction term of rural electrification and factor inputs (labour and land), and agricultural output is negative. However, we find a higher positive direct relationship between labour and agricultural output per GDP, implying a higher productivity for those labour who remain in the sector. Our results are heterogenous across population size quartiles sub-samples.
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