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Sökning: hsv:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) > Humaniora > Kavathatzopoulos Iordanis 1956

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1.
  • Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956- (författare)
  • Artificial intelligence and the sustainability of thinking : How AI may destroy us, or help us
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Ethics and Sustainability in Digital Cultures. - London : Routledge. - 9781032434643 - 9781032434667 - 9781003367451 ; , s. 19-30
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to provide answers, products, and services of increasing quality for the satisfaction of our needs. However, AI entails certain risks, some very serious, e.g., the risk of human enslavement or even extinction. In order to handle this ethical and sustainability issue properly, we need to ask questions about what we really want, what is our real goal, and what we really are. Classical philosophy defines us as thinking entities, and the main problem is the issue of how to think in the right way as persons or as groups and societies. Accordingly, the design and use of AI as a tool to support our thinking process may be the right way to take advantage of the possibilities AI offers. However, if we design and use AI as a provider of answers, services, and products, as we currently do, the risk is that an incessantly advanced AI will swiftly replace our thinking and by that undermine our existence.
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3.
  • Asai, Ryoko, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • ICT supported crisis communication and dialog
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: The possibilities of ethical ICT. - Kolding : University of Southern Denmark. - 9788792646729 ; , s. 37-41
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study explores how people use social media under serious social conditions, and how social media affects people’s behavior after a disaster based on the case of the March 2011 disaster in Japan. In this critical situation, where existing traditional media like phones, television, radio and newspapers did not work well, the Japanese exchanged and received information through social media. In fact some victims were rescued based on information via social media. Corresponding to people’s need, social media provided various services to support people immediately after the disaster. Therefore it seems that social media plays an important role in fostering a social network leading to horizontal communication, critical thinking, dialog; supporting social capital. This study reconsiders characteristics of social capital and its role in improving people’s lives and supporting democratic communication as well as the difficulties in people bonding together through social media.
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4.
  • Asai, Ryoko, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Responsibility and Competence in Political Ethics
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings International Political Science Association, 23rd World Congress of Political Science, 2014. - Montreal.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • At present, our society is globalized, chaotic, changing, and also highly affected by individualization. That is, it is more difficult for out society to reach goals or conclusions collectively as one nation or one society. Under the situation, society needs political leaders to gather individual values, interests and opinions, and to take a lead in making collective decisions in the proper manner. Political leaders are required to have ability of making decisions and acting in the best way for society. Their responsibility is high even for future generations. According to Weber there are two categories of ethics pertaining to politics and to political leaders. One is the "ethic of ultimate ends" and the other is the "ethic of responsibility". "Ethic of responsibility" of political leaders is considered as a critical element. It is perceived as a kind of ability to consider possible social options and their impact, and also to take responsibility of their consequences in the future. In this context, it is very well compatible to the idea of ethical competence. It binds together philosophy and modern empirical research on ethical decision making, opening up for interventions like training and education for political leaders. 
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5.
  • Asai, Ryoko, et al. (författare)
  • The paradoxical nature of privacy
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Privacy in the social networked world.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Privacy appears to be a very important issue today when ICT permeates more and more aspects of our life. Mainly this is understood as a risk of breaking the privacy of persons, and possibly the privacy of groups, organizations, corporations and states. It is therefore interesting to investigate the main definitions of privacy, try to grasp its nature and to discern its features, and to discuss the possible ways of suitable and needed activities. There are essentially two types if definitions. One is focused on the protection of information and on the rules that govern openness and protection. Moor (1997), defines privacy like “the expression of a core value, viz., the value of security” or “sometimes used to designate a situation in which people are protected from intrusion or observation by natural or physical circumstances.... In addition to natural privacy there is normative privacy. A normatively private situation is a situation protected by ethical, legal, or conventional norms.” A similar definition is given by Edmund Byrne (1998): Privacy as a “zone of inaccessibility”. A different approach to the definition of privacy is focused on the control of information, and the main example of this kind of definition is given by Charles Fried (1968): “Privacy is not simply an absence of information about us in the minds of others, rather it is the control we have over information about ourselves”. In the same wavelength we find the definition given by Quinn (2011): “Privacy is a social arrangement that allows individuals to have some level of control over who is able to gain access to their physical selves and their personal information”. Which of the two lines of definitions is more accurate and fruitful, regarding its power to guide our activities toward the achievement of desired goals? If we make an effort to describe the nature of privacy we can easily and rather fast come to the conclusion that privacy is not only something that has to be protected. Although this is important, underlined by both lines of definitions, it seems that privacy sometimes has to be diminished or invaded in order to satisfy important interests and values. One is to create a bond to another person, group or organization. To achieve this one has to give access to private information, or even to give up part or all limitations toward this special person or organization. It is a matter of trust between each other. The other situation, which is the most common one, is that a person, group or organization, which we may call a separate entity, has always another important interest added to the interest of protecting its own privacy: To break, diminish or invade the privacy of any other entity that is a prospective or actual partner in any sense. It is very important for any entity to acquire access to the information about any other entity that is of some interest. If we now go back to the definitions of privacy, and look upon them through the glasses of our observations of its nature we may have good arguments to maintain that a definition focused on the control of information is more plausible. Given the controversial nature of privacy (protect it and break it at the same time) and the clashes arising constantly between all entities in a social interaction, the focus cannot be on normative solutions which if they work are always limited to a certain situation, but on the ways skills, methods and tools we use to create, revise and apply policies, guidelines, rules and principles to manage the issues of privacy. ReferencesByrne, E. F. (1998). “Privacy”. Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics, 3, 649-659.Fried, C. (1968). “Privacy: A moral analysis”. Yale Law Journal, 77, 475-493.Moor, J. (1997). “Towards a theory of privacy in the information age”. Computer and Society, 27, 27-32.Quinn, M. J. (2011). Ethics for the Information Age. Boston: Pearson.
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6.
  • Björk, Ingrid, et al. (författare)
  • Robots, ethics and language
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Computers & Society. - : ACM Digital Library. ; , s. 268-273
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Following the classical philosophical definition of ethics and the psychological research on problem solving and decision making, the issue of ethics becomes concrete and opens up the way for the creation of IT systems that can support handling of moral problems. Also in a sense that is similar to the way humans handle their moral problems. The processes of communicating information and receiving instructions are linguistic by nature. Moreover, autonomous and heteronomous ethical thinking is expressed by way of language use. Indeed, the way we think ethically is not only linguistically mediated but linguistically construed – whether we think for example in terms of conviction and certainty (meaning heteronomy) or in terms of questioning and inquiry (meaning autonomy). A thorough analysis of the language that is used in these processes is therefore of vital importance for the development of the above mentioned tools and methods. Given that we have a clear definition based on philosophical theories and on research on human decision-making and linguistics, we can create and apply systems that can handle ethical issues. Such systems will help us to design robots and to prescribe their actions, to communicate and cooperate with them, to control the moral aspects of robots’ actions in real life applications, and to create embedded systems that allow continuous learning and adaptation.
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7.
  • Coghill, Ken, et al. (författare)
  • Ethics, parliaments and members: learning to think ethically
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Challenges of contemporay governance. - Montreal : The International Political Science Association.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Parliamentary democracies are conceptualised as complex evolving socio-political systems in which the parliament is the apex institution through which the community determines the rules and standards applying to individuals, executive government, business, other organisations and relationships within the community and across its borders. As the apex institution, assessing the failings of the parliament provide an opportunity to examine the functioning of the system as a whole. A key factor affecting parliament’s reputation, effectiveness and legitimacy is ethical conduct by its elected members. Whilst members of the political Executive bear heavier responsibilities, all members of a parliament have a duty to behave in ways that enhance rather than detract from the parliament’s performance of its roles and its legitimacy. Compliance with accepted ethical standards of conduct relies on a culture of acceptance and compliance, detection of breaches and sanctions for wrong-doing. The realisation of the prospects of detection and of sanctions facilitates a culture of compliance. A culture of compliance reduces the transaction costs of social exchanges, leaving more resources available to the institution of parliament and its elected members to fulfil the roles of the institution. Accordingly, it is in the long-term interests of both the parliament and its members that individual members practice high levels of ethical competence in the conduct of their parliamentary responsibilities. The paper reports research findings in an international study of formal induction and further development programmes in representative parliaments. Information was collected from members of national parliaments and trainers through surveys (including an innovative measure of ethical competence) and via interviews. Approaches to training relating to ethical conduct were found to vary widely, with some parliamentary induction programmes giving it considerable attention whilst others eschewed the topic. The paper concludes with comments on further research into how elected office holders (such as members of parliament) acquire, develop and sustain ethical competence, including the effectiveness of learning techniques focused on ethical behaviour.
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8.
  • Coghill, Ken, et al. (författare)
  • Parliamentary integrity systems : Parliamentarians’ ethical conduct, accountability and transparency
  • 2014
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper argues that ethical conduct by a parliament’s members is fundamental to the institution’s performance of its functions. Assurance that members are conducting themselves ethically requires that they are accountable for their conduct, which in turn requires that there is transparency around that conduct.Parliaments vary widely in their approaches to ethical conduct, including the nature and extent of accountability and transparency by their members. This paper compares such approaches across a range of legislatures.
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9.
  • Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956- (författare)
  • AIと私たち (AI and Us)
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 情報倫理入門 (Introduction to Information Ethics). - : Minerva Shobo. - 9784623091256 ; , s. 248-253
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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10.
  • Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956- (författare)
  • Assessing and acquiring ethical leadership competence
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Leadership through the Classics. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642324444 ; , s. 389-400
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Leaders need the ability to handle any moral problem that may arise 5during their professional activities; they need ethical competence. Ethical skill is, in 6psychology and in accordance to the classical philosophical position, understood as 7the basis and the aim of ethical competence of leaders. Based on that, we can 8construct valid assessment tools and training programs that support the acquisition 9and use of ethical competence and skills.
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