| 1. |
- Heath, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Configuring awareness
- 2002
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Ingår i: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0925-9724 .- 1573-7551. ; 11:3-4, s. 317-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of awareness has become of increasing importance to both social and technical research in CSCW. The concept remains however relatively unexplored, and we still have little understanding of the ways in which people produce and sustain ‘awareness’ in and through social interaction with others. In this paper, we focus on a particular aspect of awareness, the ways in which participants design activities to have others unobtrusively notice and discover, actions and events, which might otherwise pass unnoticed. We consider for example how participants render visible selective aspects of their activities, how they encourage others to notice features of the local milieu, and how they encourage others to become sensitive to particular events. We draw examples from different workplaces, primarily centres of coordination; organisational environments which rest upon the participants’ abilities to delicately interweave a complex array of highly contingent, yet interdependent activities.
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| 2. |
- Heath, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Technology and Medical Practice
- 2003
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Ingår i: Sociology of Health and Illness. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0141-9889 .- 1467-9566. ; 25:3, s. 75-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most significant developments in healthcare over the past 25 years has been the widespread deployment of information and communication technologies. These technologies have had a wide-ranging impact on the organisation of healthcare, on professional practice and on patients’ experience of illness and its management. In this paper we discuss the ways in which Sociology of Health and Illness has provided a forum for the analysis of these new technologies in healthcare. We review a range of relevant research published in the Journal; papers that address such issues as dehumanisation and emotional labour, professional practice and identity, and the social and institutional shaping of technology. Despite these important initiatives, we suggest that information and communication technologies in healthcare remain relatively under-explored within the Journal and, more generally, by the sociology of health and illness and point to developments in cognate areas which may have some bearing upon the analysis of technology in action.
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| 3. |
- Heath, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Video and qualitative research : analysing medical practice and interaction
- 2007
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Ingår i: Medical education. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1365-2923. ; 41:1, s. 109-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a longstanding recognition that video provides an important resource within medical education particularly, perhaps, for training in primary health care. As a resource for research, and more specifically within qualitative social science studies of medical practice, video has proved less pervasive despite its obvious advantages. In this paper, we sketch an approach for using video to inform the analysis of medical practice and the ways in which health care is accomplished through social interaction and collaboration. Drawing on our own research we discuss two brief examples; one the use of computing technology in primary health care and secondly informal instruction during surgical operations. The examples illustrate the multimodal character of medical work, how activities are accomplished through the interplay of talk, the visual and the use of material artefacts. They also illustrate the ways in which video provides access to the complex forms of social interaction and collaboration that underpin health care. We reflect upon the research opportunities afforded by video and the ways in which video based studies of interaction can contribute to the practice and practicalities of medicine.
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| 4. |
- Kyhlbäck, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Lärande genom deltagande i praktikgemenskaper
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sammanfattning— Vår erfarenhet är att teknisk grundutbildning blir bra om sammanhang skapas där studenterna kan lära av varandra och där utbildningen kan ske i nära samverkan med FoU och annan yrkesmässig och professionell verksamhet. I denna artikel driver vi tesen att studenternas lärande i teknisk grundutbildning borde ske mer genom interaktion och deltagande i ”praktik- gemenskaper”. Det betyder att lärande är en aspekt av deltagande i en kollektiv och produktiv verksamhet. Med olika exempel visar vi på sammanhang och arrangemang som kan skapa förutsättning för att experimentera med och utveckla lärande genom deltagande i sådana praktik-gemenskaper. Slutligen diskuterar vi styrkor och svagheter med att genomföra utbildning i enlighet med våra intentioner.
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| 5. |
- Sokoler, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Embracing ambiguity in the design of non-stigmatizing digital technology for social interaction among senior citizens
- 2007
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Ingår i: Behavior and Information Technology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 26:4, s. 297-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we report our early experience with the design of technology for senior citizens. We take as our point of departure a pre-study of the ways in which older adult living occurs at three different senior housing facilities in southern Sweden. We contribute to the current debate concerning the ways in which digital technology can be designed to enable new types of living arrangements for the ever growing population of older people. We focus on technology designed to support the social rather than physical challenges of growing older. In particular we discuss how designing for social interaction can circumvent the stigma associated with being lonely in light of diminishing social networks, changed patterns of interactions with family, moving to a new neighbourhood, and the loss of a spouse. We will suggest that designers, in the design of digital technology for social interaction, deliberately leave room for ambiguity to make it possible for people to leave their intentions of use unarticulated. Furthermore, recognizing that many everyday activities already act as enablers for social interaction, we suggest utilizing such activities as an approach for design. We will support our suggestions by introducing three perspectives: a perspective emphasizing that the population of older adults is one of resourceful individuals; a perspective on social interaction emphasizing its circumstantial nature as an inherent part of everyday activities; and a perspective on the role of digital technology emphasizing its role as merely one of many resources present for human action. Finally, we will present an example concept showing how an enhanced TV remote control may be designed to enable social interactions without inflicting too much on the original experience of watching TV and most importantly, without stigmatizing the people using the remote control as lonely individuals craving the company of others.
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| 6. |
- Svensson, Marcus Sanchez, et al.
(författare)
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Alarms : localization, orientation, and recognition
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. - : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. - 1044-7318. ; 15:1, s. 51-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents a study at three dialysis departments on the use of different alarm systems. The design of the alarm systems is to some extent in line with the visions of augmented reality and ubiquitous computing. Our study has raised a range of questions which we think are relevant for the research on how to embed technology in users' environment. We will address how the properties of the specific alarm systems, concerted in the local physical environment of the dialysis department, affords the localisation, orientation and recognition of alarms. In this paper, localisation is about the ways in which the nurses exactly locate where the alarm comes from and orientation is how the nurses orientate themselves towards the alarm in a more imprecise way. Recognition is about how the nurses notice that there is an alarm in the first place and if there are multiple alarms.
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| 7. |
- Svensson, Marcus Sanchez, et al.
(författare)
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Embedding instruction in practice : contingency and collaboration during surgical training
- 2009
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Ingår i: Sociology of Health and Illness. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC. - 0141-9889 .- 1467-9566. ; 31:6, s. 889-906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we address the ways in which surgeons, in collaboration with other members of the surgical team, create occasions for demonstration and instruction within the highly complex and demanding tasks of a surgical operation. Drawing on video recordings of surgical operations, augmented by field studies, we examine how particular phenomena and procedures are made accessible and intelligible to trainees and the ways in which brief episodes of insight and instruction enable complex procedures to be followed and understood. We consider the ways in which demonstration and instruction are achieved, whilst preserving the integrity of medical practice, and explore how trainees are provided with the opportunity to witness, and learn from, the contingent deployment of formal procedures in particular cases. We conclude by considering our observations in the light of recent discussions of practice and situated learning in healthcare training.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, Marcus Sanchez, et al.
(författare)
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Instrumental action : the timely exchange of implements during surgical operations
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we analyse an apparently simple collaborative activity, that of passing an implement from one person to another. The particular case we consider is surgical operations where nurses and surgeons routinely pass instruments to one another. Through fine-grained analysis of specific instances we address,- the preparatory work engaged in prior to passing, the ways in which the layout of artefacts is organised with respect to the temporal ordering of the activity, and how this arrangement can be reconfigured in the light of problems and circumstances that arise in an operation. We examine how passing an implement is finely shaped within the course of its articulation with regard to emerging actions of the participants. We suggest that an analysis of fine details of seemingly simple activities with objects may have implications for our understanding of collaborative work, and a one or two key concepts that have informed the design of advanced solutions.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Marcus Sanchez, et al.
(författare)
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Localisation, recognition and orientation of alarms
- 2000
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents a study at three dialysis departments on the use of different alarm systems. The design of the alarm systems are to some extent in line with the visions of augmented reality and ubiquitous computing. Our study have raised a range of questions which we think are relevant for the research on how to embed technology in users' environment. We will discuss how the properties of the environment affords the localisation, orientation and recognition of alarms. Localisation is about how the alarm system notifies exactly where the alarm is coming from, where orientation is how the system guides the user towards the alarm in a more imprecise way. The issue of recognition is how the alarm system notifies the users that there is an alarm in the first place and if there are multiple alarms.
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| 10. |
- Svensson, Marcus Sanchez, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring practice : event detection and system design
- 2006
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Ingår i: Intelligent Distributed Video Surveillance System. - London : The IEEE. - 9780863415043 ; , s. 31-54
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter investigates the possibilities of computer systems and technologies, currently being developed within the field of computer vision and image processing, to support operators in surveillance centres to monitor and remain aware of events and activities in the remote domain. Despite the long-standing interest in the social and cognitive sciences with awareness and monitoring, the design of these systems and technologies seems to present novel challenges for supporting monitoring tasks in complex and dynamic work settings. This may suggest why the deployment of advanced surveillance systems has remained somewhat limited and why it is unclear how to take advantage of advanced automation and processing functionality without making surveillance work expensive and difficult for the staff to manage. We wish to show how detailed understandings of everyday monitoring practice and organisational conduct may inform the design and development of image processing systems to enhance the awareness and monitoring of complex physical and behavioural environments. The setting in question is operations rooms of complex interconnecting stations on London Underground and other rapid urban transport systems in Europe. The chapter will begin by exploring the tacit knowledge and practices on which operators in these operations rooms rely in identifying and managing events and then reflect on the implications of these observations for the design of technical systems to support surveillance.
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