| 1. |
- Gifford, Ethan, et al.
(författare)
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Tapping into western technologies by Chinese multinationals: Geely's purchase of Volvo Cars and Huawei hiring of Ericsson employees in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Innovation spaces in Asia entrepreneurs, multinational enterprises and policy edited by Maureen McKelvey, Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. ; , s. 231-255
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter focuses on how firms from emerging markets can access, and tap into, relevant external knowledge for innovation in Western countries, and thereby stimulate flows within new innovation spaces across countries.. This chapter focuses on China and Sweden, and more specifically on companies in the automobile and telecommunication industries. Chinese companies are increasingly moving abroad to access both advanced technologies and new markets. The chapter presents two case studies of Chinese firms moving into Sweden, including Geely’s purchase of Volvo Car Corporation in the automotive industry and Huawei’s hiring of Ericsson’s previous employees in the telecommunication industry. The cases represent two mechanisms for accessing scientific and technological resource, namely foreign acquisition and employment of key individuals from competitors through the establishment of R&D labs.
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| 2. |
- Granstrand, Ove, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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The anatomy of rise and fall of patenting and propensity to patent: the case of Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Intellectual Property Management. - 1478-9655 .- 1478-9647. ; 5:2, s. 169-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluctuations in patenting frequency and propensity to patent have caught increasing interest, not the least since the emergence of a worldwide pro-patent era. In this paper, fluctuations in Swedish patent frequency are described and analysed, based on statistics and questionnaire survey studies among large and small patentees as well as among IP consultancy firms, complemented with interviews. The results confirm the importance of size of R&D and size of patenting resources for both large and small firms and for both positive and negative growth of patenting. In addition, some new determinants were found, of which some also discriminated between large and small firms. A shift to more quality-oriented patenting strategies with more selective patenting led to decreased patenting propensity and frequency, especially among large firms. As to propensity to patent using different routes, national first filings are declining in the longer run on average for small countries like Sweden and Finland, as especially large companies internationalise their IP operations and increasingly use the PCT route.
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| 3. |
- Granstrand, Ove, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation ecosystems: A conceptual review and a new definition
- 2020
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Ingår i: Technovation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-4972. ; 90-91
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of innovation ecosystems has become popular during the last 15 years, leading to a debate regarding its relevance and conceptual rigor, not the least in this journal. The purpose of this article is to review received definitions of innovation ecosystems and related concepts and to propose a synthesized definition of an innovation ecosystem. The conceptual analysis identifies an unbalanced focus on complementarities, collaboration, and actors in received definitions, and among other things proposes the additional inclusion of competition, substitutes, and artifacts in conceptualizations of innovation ecosystems, leading to the following definition: An innovation ecosystem is the evolving set of actors, activities, and artifacts, and the institutions and relations, including complementary and substitute relations, that are important for the innovative performance of an actor or a population of actors. This definition is compatible with related conceptualizations of innovation systems and natural ecosystems, and the validity of it is illustrated with three empirical examples of innovation ecosystems.
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| 4. |
- Granstrand, Ove, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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The challenge of closing open innovation: the intellectual property disassembly problem
- 2014
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Ingår i: Research-Technology Management. - 0895-6308 .- 1930-0166. ; 57:5, s. 19-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses one of the many unexplored challenges associated with closing open innovation—the intellectual property (IP) disassembly problem. This is the problem of disentangling and allocating IP rights at the closing or termination of an open innovation project or at the exit of one or more of the vital participants. IP disassembly problems may be mitigated (but not eliminated) through contingent contractual provisions at the IP assembly stage. Moreover, provisions can be made at both the assembly and disassembly stages to prepare for and benefit from subsequent IP reassembly in a sequence of project generations over time. An overriding implication is that IP management addressing both IP assembly and disassembly problems is necessary (although not sufficient) for effective governance of open innovation.
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| 5. |
- van Santen, Sarah, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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The Development of Intellectual Property Strategy in New Venture Creation
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent years have seen an increasing interest in intellectual property (IP) strategy and its relation to business strategy. While greatly advancing our understanding of the use and efficacy of different IP rights, most research so far has been solely focused on formal rights, especially patents. Moreover, strategic decisions around IP are often implicitly treated as isolated events, taken by rational decision makers in a relative vacuum. In this paper, we explore the evolution of IP strategy in early venture creation through a case study of 7 startups. By describing the development of the startup, focusing on decisions taken along the way in terms of motives, and outcomes, this study shows how IP strategy has both planned and emergent components. The resulting strategy is a consequence of both causation and effectuation behaviors on the part of startups, and IP decisions are both outcomes of strategy episodes as well as inputs for the next. In this manner, we add to the literature on IP strategy by shifting the focus from content to process and highlighting the importance of interdependencies between IP decisions in shaping IP strategy.
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| 6. |
- Aaboen, Lise, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Transfer Offices, Incubators, and Intellectual Property Management
- 2016
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Ingår i: 76th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a systematic literature review of the intersection between intellectual property (IP) management, technology transfer offices (TTOs) and incubators (and to some degree also science parks) in order to find out how incubators and/or TTOs support and work with patenting and IP management in startups. IP management is an important issue for the competitiveness of technology based startups and a difficult issue due to the resources needed to obtain, monitor and enforce IP rights. Understanding how the support organizations facilitate this work is therefore of importance for the startups as well as for universities and policy actors seeking to support technology transfer. The identified publications were systematized according to the actor in focus and whether the paper discussed IP as an output or as a strategic focus. The literature review showed that this literature tends to adopt a simplistic view of IP management, not taking all strategies into account. The literature typically narrows the focus down to a simplistic view of trying to increase the patent output of TTOs and incubators, and the related firms and/or universities.
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| 7. |
- Agostini, Lara, et al.
(författare)
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Patent management: The prominent role of strategy and organization
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Innovation Management. - 1460-1060. ; 26:4, s. 1054-1070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is twofold; to verify the existence of different profiles of firms based on the level of sophistication of their patent management core processes, and to test the impact of the interplay between two patent management supporting dimensions, namely patent strategy and organization for patenting, on the level of sophistication of patent management core processes. The method consists of a survey study, collecting data from a set of European patent management professionals. This data is analyzed with factor analysis, cluster analysis, and regression analysis to test a number of hypotheses. The results show that patent strategy positively and significantly impacts patent management sophistication, and that the patent organization positively moderates this relationship. In other words, a patent strategy, supported by a well-developed patent organization and culture, will positively influence the processes of managing a firm’s patent portfolio. This study is, to our knowledge, the first one to provide quantitative evidence that supports the notion that it is important to take a strategic and organizational perspective of patent management.
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| 8. |
- Agostini, Lara, et al.
(författare)
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What is Patent Management? The Purification and Validation of an Integrated Measurement Scale
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. - 0018-9391 .- 1558-0040. ; 71, s. 913-927
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Academics and practitioners have since decades been interested in the organizational and managerial aspects of patent management. However, little attention has been devoted to validating and testing a measurement scale of patent management. With this background, the current article aims to empirically assess the factor structure of a patent management measurement scale, purify the scale, and validate it. The methodology follows the widely recognized procedure for scale validation and focuses on two steps: scale purification through an exploratory factor analysis on survey data and scale finalization through a confirmatory factor analysis performed on another set of data. The article yields that patent management has five core processes, namely generation, freedom to operate, portfolio management, exploitation and enforcement, and intelligence, as well as two supporting dimensions, namely strategy and organization for patenting. For each of these core processes and supporting dimensions, we outline the formative subconstructs as well as how these subconstructs are reflected in observable and measurable items. With the validity analysis, we show the significant impact of patent management on radical innovation performance.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, David, et al.
(författare)
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Att försvara ett patent: Den lilla aktörens utmaningar i patenttvister
- 2023
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Ingår i: Management of Innovation and Technology. - : Stiftelsen IMIT. - 2001-208X .- 2002-8873. ; 2023:1, s. 3-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patenttvister i domstol utgör en viktig del av innovationssystemet, som möjliggör för uppfinnare och innovatörer att skydda sina uppfinningar. Det finns dock indikationer, både från forskning och praktik, på att mindre aktörer som småföretagare och uppfinnare stöter på oproportionerliga hinder när de gäller patentintrång och de juridiska processer som det innebär. Artikeln fokuserar på hur och varför dessa problem uppstår och pekar på möjliga förbättringar.
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| 10. |
- Björkdahl, Joakim, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Platform Grafting: Strategies for Entering Established Ecosystems
- 2024
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Ingår i: California Management Review. - 2162-8564 .- 0008-1256. ; 66:3, s. 27-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital platforms are often characterized as enablers of new ecosystems. However, platforms are sometimes introduced into pre-existing ecosystems, where a platform’s ability to harmonize with the ecosystem is critical for its success. This article draws on the case of digital healthcare platforms and introduces the concept of platform grafting, which denotes the process of integrating a new platform into a pre-existing ecosystem, leading to a coevolutionary process of adapting both the platform and the surrounding ecosystem. Dynamic capabilities are critical for successfully integrating the platform into the ecosystem, and this article provides a capabilities framework for understanding platform grafting.
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