| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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The Manifestation of Chinese Strategies Into Offensive Cyberspace Operations Targeting Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security. - Reading, UK : Academic Conferences International Limited. - 9781912764990 ; , s. 35-43
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to present how Chinese strategies are manifested into offensive cyberspace operations targeting Sweden. It is commonly known that People’s Republic of China (PRC, and in this definition the meaning of thegovernment and its military), uses five-year plans (FYP) for social and economic steering strategy of their country. This has been going on since 1953 until today. In 2015, the national strategic plan Made in China 2025 (中国制造2025) was launched by Le Keqiang, the Premier of the State Council of PRC. The main goal with this plan is to strengthen the economic development. In addition, Chinese military strategists noted the importance of information warfare and intelligence during military operations. This article is based on open sources: the official English translated version of the 13th Five-year plan (FYP) and other reporting on cyberspace operations linked to the PRC. A number of cases are presented to highlight the link between the PRC FYP and their targets. Next, the current situation in Sweden is presented and how the country is targeted by PRC-linked activities, both in and through cyberspace, but also military infiltration on academia. The results show that Sweden has been, and is continuously the target of offensive cyberspace operations. In parallel, the country is also the target of military infiltration on the academia, and direct investment strategies such as Huawei attempting to compete for the 5G frequency actions arranged by the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority. In conclusion, Sweden will continue to experience cyberespionage from PRC on all levels and on all domains; science, technology, IP and privacy information theft. Previously unveiled cyberspace operations cases in this article have proven to be a convenient strategy for the PRC to reduce its research and development gap in several ways; innovatively, financially and to shortening the time-to-market (TTM).
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing team focused behaviors in emergency response teams using the shared priorities measure
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International ISCRAM Conference. - Pennsylvania, USA : ISCRAM. ; , s. 130-134, s. 130-134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this work in progress paper is to report on the method development of the Shared Prioritiesmeasure to include content analysis, as a way of gaining a deeper understanding of team work incrisis/emergency response. An experiment is reported where the performance of six trained teams is comparedwith the performance of six non-trained teams. The experiment was performed using an emergency responsemicroworld simulation with a forest fire scenario. Dependent measures were simulation performance, the CrewAwareness Rating Scale (CARS), and content analysis. Trained teams performed better and scored higher onmeasures of team behaviors.
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| 3. |
- Berggren, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the quality of Shared Priorities in teams using content analysis in a microworld experiment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1463-922X .- 1464-536X. ; 18:2, s. 128-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective, easy to use, and easy to comprehend assessment methods for measuring shared understanding in teams are hard to find. This paper describes an experiment where a measure called Shared Priorities, which is based on ranking of self-generated strategic items, is assessed. Trained teams were compared to non-trained teams in a dynamic problem-solving task. The maturity of the participating teams was also assessed using a content analysis measure. The Shared Priorities measure was used alongside other well-documented measures of team awareness based on self-rating. Results show that the Shared Priorities measure correlates with task performance and could also distinguish between trained and non-trained teams. However, the Shared Priorities measure did not correlate with the other team measures (cf. CARS – Crew Awareness Rating Scale – and DATMA – Distributed Assessment of Team Mutual Awareness), suggesting that it captures a different quality of teamwork than the self-rating measures. Further, the Shared Priorities measure was found to be easily administered.
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical modelling of team training in a microworld study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. - : Sage Publications. - 2169-5067. ; , s. 894-898
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A command and control environment is a dynamic and complex setting with complicated technical systems where teams of operators interact to reach shared goals. This study presents an experiment in which we, by means of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), explain the relations between basic concepts of command and control environments: mental workload, frustration, situational awareness, and performance. This paper reports a LISREL analysis of the Baroutsi, Berggren, Nählinder, & Johansson (2013) data. From that data, a new latent variable “Frustration” emerges, which now can be included in the model.
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| 5. |
- Berggren, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The shared priorities measure as a way of assessing team strategic awareness : a bridge between self-assessment and the deep blue sea of field recordings
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450328746 ; , s. 13-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective, easy to use, easy to comprehend, high face-validity assessment methods for measuring shared awareness in teams are hard to find. This paper describes an experiment where a new measure called Shared Priorities, which is based on ranking of self-generated strategic items, is tested. Trained teams were compared to non-trained teams in a dynamic problem-solving task in terms of performance and shared awareness. The shared priorities measure was used alongside other, well-documented measures of team awareness based on self-rating. The results show that the Shared Priorities measure correlate with performance and could also distinguish between trained and non-trained teams. However, the Shared Priorities measure did not correlate with the other team measures, suggesting that it captures a different quality of team work than the self-rating measures. Further, the shared priorities measure was found to be easily administered and gained a high user acceptance.
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| 6. |
- Bäckström, Denise, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Physicians’ challenges when working in the prehospital environment : a qualitative study using grounded theory
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Medicine. - : BMC. - 1865-1372 .- 1865-1380. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn the rapid development in prehospital medicine the awareness of the many challenges in prehospital care is important as it highlights which areas need improvement and where special attention during education and training should be focused. The purpose of this study is to identify challenges that physicians face when working in the prehospital environment. The research question is thus; what challenges do physicians face when working in prehospital care?MethodThis is a qualitative study with an inductive approach and is based on individual interviews. The interviews were analyzed using the Classic Grounded Theory (GT) method as an approach. The interviews were conducted as semi-structured interviews via the digital platform Zoom during winter / early spring 2022.ResultsChallenges for prehospital physicians can be understood as a process that involves a balancing act between different factors linked to the extreme environment in which they operate. This environment creates unique challenges not usually encountered in routine hospital practice, which results in trade-offs that they would not otherwise be faced with. Their individual situation needs to be balanced against organizational conditions, which means, among other things, that their medical decisions must be made based on limited information as a result of the constraints that exist in the prehospital environment. They must, both as individuals and as part of a team, maneuver in time and space for decision-making and practical tasks. This theory of balancing different entities is based on four themes; thus the theory is the relation between the four themes: leadership, environment, emotion management and organization.ConclusionsWith the help of previous studies and what we have found, it is reasonable to review what training is needed before starting to work prehospital as a physician. This should include components of the themes we have described: organization, environment, leadership and emotional management.
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| 7. |
- Börjesson, Marcus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Flotation REST as a Stress Reduction Method : The Effects on Anxiety, Muscle Tension, and Performance
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. - : Human Kinetics. - 1932-9261 .- 1932-927X. ; 12:3, s. 333-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of flotation REST upon skilled and less skilled golfers’ anxiety in terms of physiological indicators of stress, self-rated anxiety scores, muscle tension, and the effect on golf putting. Prior to performing the putting task participants underwent a treatment of flotation REST or a period of resting in an armchair. Participants completed both treatments in a randomized order with a two-week interval. The results showed that both flotation REST and the armchair treatment reduced systolic blood pressure and heart rate, with no differences between treatments or athlete skill levels. No significant differences between treatments were revealed regarding self-ratings, level of muscle tension or putting precision. The results indicate that flotation REST may be useful for reducing negative symptoms related to stress and anxiety in general; however, no support for direct positive effects on golf performance were found.
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| 8. |
- Parker, Charles F., 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change leaders and followers : Leadership recognition and selection in the UNFCCC negotiations
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Relations. - London : SAGE Publications. - 0047-1178 .- 1741-2862. ; 29:4, s. 434-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past research has posited that effective leadership is an essential ingredient in reaching international agreements and overcoming the collective action problems associated with responding to climate change. Despite its fundamental importance for leadership relationships, the demand side of the leadership equation has been comparatively neglected in the literature. In this study, we answer several related questions that are vital for understanding the leadership dynamics that impact the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations. Are there any leaders in the field of climate change and, if so, who are they? How do followers select climate leaders? What factors are important to them? Using unique survey data collected at four consecutive United Nations (UN) climate summits, Conference of Parties (COP) 14–17, this article investigates which actors are actually recognized as playing a leadership role in the UNFCCC negotiations and probes how followers select leadership candidates in this issue area. The survey findings reveal a fragmented leadership landscape, with no one clear-cut leader, and spotlight that if an actor seeks to be recognized as a leader, it is crucial to be perceived as being devoted to promoting the common good.
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| 9. |
- Thunholm, Peter, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the effectiveness of an armoured brigade staff
- 2014
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Ingår i: Assessing command and control effectiveness. - London : Ashgate. - 9781472436948 ; , s. 141-160
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose with this chapter is to present a study of the effectiveness of an Armoured Brigade Headquarters (HQ) in some specific respects. Important issues were (1) how is the HQ Staff dimensioned in relation to its tasks, (2) how does the three staff processes work (Planning, Execution and Coordination / Decision) and (3) how well does the HQ’s Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and Battle Rhythm function in the light of the HQ’s organization and work processes? The study was designed as a survey study and was based on the following four instruments: (1) Military Command Team Effectiveness Instrument (CTEF 2.0; Essence, Vogelaar, Baranski, Berggren, Van Buskirk, Goodwin & Myller, 2008); (2) Measurement of workload according to the Borg scale (Borg, 1998); (3) Subjective assessments of quality of the Brigade HQ’s orders and reports, and (4) verification that the Brigade HQ followed it’s Standard Operating Procedure. Fifty-four staff members of an Armoured Brigade HQ volunteered as participants. In the study, the HQ was challenged with a peace support / peace keeping operation exercise.The overall result regarding the CTEF and quality measurements on orders and reports indicate that the HQ worked well during the entire exercise and that the SOP and Battle Rhythm worked rather well. However, through the CTEF, four problem areas were identified. These areas regarded (1) the level of uncertainty in the mission, (2) the high complexity of the task, (3) the perceived instability of the objectives that were supposed to be attained in the mission environment, and (4) a high level of workload in some staff sections. Three of these areas are not under the control of the Brigade HQ (high level of uncertainty, high task complexity and unstable objectives of the operation). However, the fourth area, workload, could be influenced. Some staff sections seem to be undermanned in the current organization and that problem needs to be handled, by increasing some staff sections or by moving some duties to other sections.
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| 10. |
- Törnqvist, Eva, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Hastily Formed Networks for Disaster Response : Technical Heterogeneity and Virtual Pockets of Local Order
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - : ISCRAM. - 9789163347153
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As natural and man-made disasters become increasingly common, ensuring effective disaster response, mitigation and recovery is growing into a high-priority task for governments and administrations globally. This paper describes the challenges of collaboration within multi-organisational hastily formed networks for post-disaster response, which are increasingly relying on emerging ICT infrastructures for communication and cooperation. We present an interdisciplinary analysis of the conditions for establishing an effective mutual conversation space for involved stakeholders, and how the development of socio-technological systems affects cognitive and behavioural aspects such as established communities of practice and virtual pockets of local order.Our observations thus far suggest that some of the key issues are overcoming organisational and cultural heterogeneity, and finding solutions for technical interoperability, to ensure effective, pervasive and sustainable information exchange within and between organisations participating in hastily formed networks.
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