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- Arnarsson, Arsaell, et al.
(författare)
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Cyberbullying and traditional bullying among Nordic adolescents and their impact on life satisfaction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 48:5, s. 502-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Author(s) 2019. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cybervictimization in the six Nordic countries and to assess its overlap with traditional bullying. A further aim was to examine potential associations between life satisfaction, on the one hand, and traditional bullying and cyberbullying on the other. Methods: Analyses were based on data from the 2013⁄2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. It included 32,210 boys and girls, aged 11, 13, and 15, living in the six Nordic countries. Results: The prevalence of cyberbullying by both pictures and by messages was around 2% in all the Nordic countries except Greenland. There it was considerably higher. The prevalence of being bullied in a traditional manner varied widely by country. For boys, this type of bullying was most frequent in the youngest age group and then decreased steadily in the older age groups. Girls were on average more likely to be cyberbullied. Cyberbullying was more common among 13- and 15-year-olds than 11-year-olds. Higher family affluence was unrelated to the risk of cyberbullying. However, it was related to traditional bullying and combined forms of bullying. Compared with intact families, cybervictimization was commoner among single-parent families and stepfamilies. Adjusting for age, gender, family affluence, and family structure, those subjected to cyberbullying had lower life satisfaction than those who were not bullied. Conclusions: We found relatively little overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, indicating that the two may be separate phenomena stemming from different mechanisms, at least in the Nordic context.
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| 3. |
- Taubner, Helena, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Signs of aphasia : Online identity and stigma management in post-stroke aphasia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cyberpsychology. - Brno : Masarykova Univerzita. - 1802-7962. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate online strategies for re-negotiating identity, in terms of stigma management, developed by working-age Swedish Internet users with post-stroke aphasia, i.e., acquired language impairment caused by brain injury. Interviews were conducted with nine individuals (aged 26-61, three men and six women) with post-stroke aphasia. In addition, a total of 1,581 screenshots of online posts (e.g., photos, videos, text, emoticons) created by the same participants were collected. Drawing on social semiotics (specifically the three dimensions of online communication mentioned by Kress (2003), i.e., composition, content and context) and Goffman’s theory of stigma (1963, specifically the concepts of stigma management and passing), qualitative thematic analysis was performed. Regarding composition, three themes emerged: Relying on others or technology, Beyond speaking and writing, and Controlling speed and timing. The participants rarely posted content about aphasia, but some of them used the Internet to raise awareness. Different online contexts had different meaning to the participants in terms of identity. Being open about the aphasia in one forum did not imply the same behaviour in another forum (e.g., dating sites). For the participants to pass (Goffman, 1963), should they want to, they needed to control all three dimensions. If the context or the composition revealed the stigma, controlling the content was not enough to pass. The multimodality of the Internet enabled the participants to manage their stigma in a variety of ways and to choose whether to be perceived as persons with aphasia or not.
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- Morténius, Helena, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of the organisational culture on primary care staff members' intention to engage in research and development
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Organization & Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1477-7266 .- 1758-7247. ; 29:2, s. 234-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand how organisational culture influences the intentions of primary care staff members (PCSM) to engage in research and development (R&D).Design/methodology/approachThe participants (n = 30) were PCSM employed in a care centre in south-western Sweden. The study had an observational design with an ethnographic approach. The data were collected by means of observations, interviews and analysis of documents.FindingsThe results revealed the perceptions of PCSM in two domains, research and clinical practice, both of which existed at three different cultural levels: visible (structures and policy), semivisible (norms and values) and invisible (taken-for-granted attitudes).Research limitations/implicationsIt is difficult to conduct a purely objective ethnographic study because the investigation is controlled by its context. However, it is necessary to highlight and discuss the invisible level to improve understanding of negative attitudes and preconceptions related to the implementation of R&D in the clinical setting. Practical implications - By highlighting the invisible level of culture, the management of an organisation has the opportunity to initiate discussion of issues related to concealed norms and values as well as attitudes towards new thinking and change in the primary health context.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the very few studies to investigate the influence of organisational culture on the intentions of PCSM to engage in R&D.
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Unraveling the logics of landscape
- 2014
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite conceptual oscillations through times, the concept of landscape remains highly subjective, whereupon unraveling its 'logics' opens up to a plurality of interpretations. Accordingly, by focusing on the interconnections present in the non-haphazard production of landscape, this publication elaborates on how the rural landscape is valued, monitored, changed, harbored, used and misused, be it through actions, representations or metaphors. This book covers a broad range of topics, with contributions from scholars from more than 30 countries.
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| 6. |
- Almasri, Abdullah, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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A wavelet-based panel unit-root test in the presence of an unknown structural break and cross-sectional dependency, with an application of purchasing power parity theory in developing countries
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 49:21, s. 2096-2105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces two different non-parametric wavelet-based panel unit-root tests in the presence of unknown structural breaks and cross-sectional dependencies in the data. These tests are compared with a previously suggested non-parametric wavelet test, the parameteric Im-Pesaran and Shin (IPS) test and a Wald type of test. The results from the Monte Carlo simulations clearly show that the new wavelet-ratio tests are superior to the traditional tests both in terms of size and power in panel unit-root tests because of its robustness to cross-section dependency and structural breaks. Based on an empirical Central American panel application, we can, in contrast to previous research (where bias due to structural breaks is simply disregarded), find strong, clear-cut support for purchasing power parity (PPP) in this developing region.
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- Bergh, Ingrid, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Descriptions of pain in elderly patients following orthopaedic surgery.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 19:2, s. 110-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to investigate what words elderly patients, who had undergone hip surgery, used to describe their experience of pain in spoken language and to compare these words with those used in the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and Pain-O-Meter (POM). The study was carried out at two orthopaedic and two geriatric clinical departments at a large university hospital in Sweden. Altogether, 60 patients (mean age =77) who had undergone orthopaedic surgery took part in the study. A face-to-face interview was conducted with each patient on the second day after the operation. This was divided into two parts, one tape-recorded and semi-structured in character and one structured interview. The results show that a majority of the elderly patients who participated in this study verbally stated pain and spontaneously used a majority of the words found in the SF-MPQ and in the POM. The patients also used a number of additional words not found in the SF-MPQ or the POM. Among those patients who did not use any of the words in the SF-MPQ and the POM, the use of the three additional words 'stel' (stiff), 'hemsk' (awful) and 'rad(d)(sla)' (afraid/fear) were especially marked. The patients also combined the words with a negation to describe what pain was not. To achieve a more balanced and nuanced description of the patient's pain and to make it easier for the patients to talk about their pain, there is a need for access to a set of predefined words that describe pain from a more multidimensional perspective than just intensity. If the elderly patient is allowed, and finds it necessary, to use his/her own words to describe what pain is but also to describe what pain is not, by combining the words with a negation, then the risk of the patient being forced to choose words that do not fully correspond to their pain can be reduced. If so, pain scales such as the SF-MPQ and the POM can create a communicative bridge between the elderly patient and health care professionals in the pain evaluation process.
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| 8. |
- Björkström, Gun, et al.
(författare)
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Electro-acupuncture in the treatment of children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 34:1, s. 21-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a long series of electro-acupuncture (EAP) sessions on bedwetting symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five children (age range 7-16 years) with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and treated earlier without success were included in the study. The median number of wet nights per week was 4.7 before treatment. Bedwetting, voided volume, sleep and nocturia were evaluated 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after 20 sessions of EAP lasting 8 weeks. RESULTS: All the children, with the exception of one, tolerated EAP treatment well. At the three follow-up sessions it was found that the number of dry nights had increased gradually from a median of 2.3 in the pre-test to 3.0, 4.3 and 5.0 per week, respectively. Compared to pre-treatment findings there were more dry nights in 65% of the children (p < 0.001) and 5 out of 23 children were responders (> 90% reduction of the numbers of wet nights) at the 6 months' follow-up. According to the parents, the sleep arousal threshold had decreased in about 50% of the children.
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| 9. |
- Cederfeldt, Marie, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Concurrent validity of the Executive Function Performance Test in people with mild stroke
- 2011
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Ingår i: The British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 74:9, s. 443-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Studies have shown that executive dysfunction is common in adults after stroke. Occupational therapists working in acute care assess the performance of activities of daily living; most instruments focus on personal care. However, the assessment of instrumental activities of daily living has been shown to discriminate executive dysfunction more effectively. An instrument for assessing executive dysfunction in more complex activities that is easy to handle in acute care is consequently required for clinical use. The Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) was recently introduced into Sweden. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the EFPT in acute care for patients with mild stroke. Method: Twenty-three patients from an acute stroke unit were assessed with both the EFPT and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Results: The correlation between the EFPT and the AMPS assessments was highly significant (p = 0.003) and the concurrent validity was rho = 0.61. Conclusion: Since there is a risk that adult patients with mild stroke are discharged without rehabilitation, and there is a lack of a relevant instrument for occupational therapists that discriminates executive dysfunction in acute stroke care, the EFPT may be a suitable instrument to use with these patients.
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