| 1. |
- Sai, Ding, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Income Gaps in Severn Regions of China
- 2016
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Ingår i: Study on the Differences among Chinese Minorities. - Beijing : Social Sciences Academic Press. - 9787509797372 ; , s. 13 - 37
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Data for Studying Earnings, the Distribution of Household Income and Poverty in China
- 2014
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Ingår i: China economic review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-951X. ; 30, s. 419-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses data used in publishing statistics on earnings, the distribution of household income and poverty in China by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) which is widely used by policy makers, international agencies and researchers. Unlike many other countries, China until recently had a dual system of household surveys - one rural and one urban. This has had consequences for providing official data on wages, income and poverty which we discuss along with other challenges. Since the end of the 1980s, researchers have been active in the construction of large databases aimed at mapping earnings, household income and poverty, and we present seven of these in the paper.
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948
(författare)
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Fattigdom i internationellt perspektiv
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fattigdom utan gränser. - Stockholm : Carlssons. - 978 91 7331 522 7 ; , s. 372 - 409
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Social Assistance Receipt Among Young Adults Who Grow Up in Different Neighborhoods of Metropolitan Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Poverty & Public Policy. - : Wiley. - 1944-2858. ; 11:4, s. 302-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using large samples of persons born in 1985, we investigate the relationship between characteristics of the neighborhood where young people lived as adolescents and the probability that they will receive social assistance when aged 19, 20, and 21, for the three Swedish metropolitan regions—Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. We estimated logistic regressions separately for the majority population and “visible immigrants” and included several characteristics of the neighborhood and of the parental home in the specification. The probability of social assistance receipt as a young adult is strongly positively linked to social assistance receipt in the parental home and to several other factors. The major result is that the association with social assistance receipt in the neighborhood where a person lived at age 16 remains strong when parental receipt and a number of other neighborhood characteristics are controlled for.We conclude that measures to increase the education qualifications and various efforts to create jobs for young adults have the potential to decrease social assistance receipt among young adults. In addition, there is also room for spatially focused measures aiming to reduce residential segregation and the demand for social assistance in locations with a comparably high rate of social assistance receipt.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Three Ways of Obtaining Household Income Data
- 2012
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Ingår i: Doing Fieldwork in China. - Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China : Chongqing University Press. - 9787562466093 ; , s. 56-78
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Vinnerljung, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Out-of-home care among immigrant children in Seden: a national cohort study
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : Wiley. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 2008:17, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract We used data from several national registers for ten entire birth cohorts (n>1 million) to examine the representation of first generation immigrant children among first time entries into out-of-home care (foster/residential care) at ages 7-12 and 13-17. Logistic regression models were used to just results for socioeconomic background factors. Immigrant children were categorized in six groups after birth country/continent. Compared to Swedish born peers, immigrant children from non-European countries had two-threefold sex and birth year adjusted odds for being placed in care for the first time at ages 7-12. After adjustments for five socioeconomic background variables, none of these overrisks remained. Instead there was a tendency towards immigrant background being associated with reduced risks, statistically significant for immigrant children born in non-Nordic European countries. Immigrant children had between two- and sixfold age and birth year adjusted odds for entering care for the first time during adolescence. After adjusting the results for socioeconomic background, only immigrant children born in Sub-Saharan Africa or in Asia outside the Middle East had significant overrisks for care entries at ages 13-17 (OR=1.5).
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Working beyond the normal retirement age in urban China and urban Russia
- 2021
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Ingår i: IZA Journal of Development and Migration. - 2520-1786. ; 12:1, s. 1 - 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of working for earnings beyond the normal pension age of 55 for females and 60 for males in urban China and Russia is investigated using micro-data for 2002, 2013, and 2018. Estimated logit models indicate that, in both countries, the probability of working after normal retirement age is positively related to living with a spouse only, being healthy, and having a higher education level. It is negatively associated with age, the scale of pension, and, in urban China, being female. We find that seniors in urban Russia are more likely to work for earnings than their counterparts in China. Two possible reasons that are attributable to this difference are ruled out, namely cross-country differences in health status and the age distribution among elderly people. We also demonstrate that working beyond the normal retirement age has a much stronger negative association with earnings in urban China than in urban Russia. This is consistent with the facts that the normal retirement age is strictly enforced in urban China and seniors attempting to work face intensive competition from younger migrant workers. We conclude that China can learn from Russia that it has a substantial potential for increasing employment among healthy people under 70.
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| 8. |
- Song, Jin, et al.
(författare)
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China's Urban Gender Wage Gap: A New Direction?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Changing Trends in China's Inequality: Evidence, Analysis and Prospects. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780190077938 ; , s. 321-358
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from the urban household surveys of the China Household Income Project for the years 1995, 2002, 2007 and 2013, we provide consistent estimates of the gender wage gap in urban China and investigate those factors that have contributed to this gap. Similar to past studies, we find a substantial and progressive widening of the gap from 1995 to 2007. Based on new data for 2013, however, we find that from 2007 to 2013 the gender wage gap narrowed. For 2013 we estimate the gender wage gap at between 19 percent and 25 percent. Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions reveal that the contributions of the differences in characteristics between women and men to the wage gap declined over time, and by 2013 the gap is largely unexplained. We identify key factors underlying the gender wage gap in recent years, specifically, individual characteristics, such as age, education, marriage, and children, as well as employment sector and occupation.
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