| 1. |
- Sturup, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased Gun Violence Among Young Males in Sweden : a Descriptive National Survey and International Comparison
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-1371 .- 1572-9869. ; 25:4, s. 365-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This population-based time-trend study examines gun violence rates among males in Sweden during the years 1996 to 2015 and compares the rate in Sweden to other Western European countries. Data were collected from six registries and are presented descriptively per 100,000 inhabitants. The risks among males in Sweden increased considerably in both lethal and non-lethal gun victimization and perpetration. Among males aged 15 to 29 there was a five-fold increase in risk for victimization in lethal and non-lethal gun violence during the 20-year observation period. In a comparative perspective the rate of gun homicide victimization among males 15 to 29 years was higher in Sweden compared to other Western European countries, while the risk for males over age 30 was at an average level. Based on the results of this study we conclude that gun violence among young males in Sweden has been on the rise and is at a high level compared to other Western European countries. The development of gun violence in Sweden can be characterized as endemic, prevalent in both population and socially vulnerable areas.
|
|
| 2. |
- Asplund, Ragnar
(författare)
-
Sleep and hypnotic use in relation to perceived somatic and mental health among the elderly
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 31:3, s. 199-205
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of somatic health, mental health and age on sleep and the use of sleep medication in a group of elderly men and women. Questionnaires were distributed to 9417 persons, and the response rare was 69%. The mean ages (s.d.) of the male and female participants were 73.9 (6.3) and 74.5 (6.8) years, respectively. Sleep disturbances were more common in women than in men at all ages and increased with age in both sexes. A stepwise regression analysis showed that in men, more severely sleep disturbances were associated with poorer somatic health (R-2 = 0.089; P < 0.0001), poorer mental health (R-2 = 0.106; P < 0.0001) and increasing age (R-2 = 0.109; P < 0.0001) and in the women worse somatic health (R-2 = 0.087; P < 0.0001), worse mental health (R-2 = 0.104; P < 0.0001) but no further deterioration of sleep with age. Sleep medication was more common in women than in men at all ages and increased with age in both sexes. The use of sleep medication was more strongly related to somatic health than to mental health and age in both sexes. In conclusion, both sleep complaints and sleep medication showed a stronger relation to somatic health than to mental health and age in this group of elderly men and women. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Caman, Shilan, et al.
(författare)
-
Invisible Victims : Exploring Gendered Trends in Youth Intimate Partner Homicide
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0928-1371 .- 1572-9869.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intimate partner homicide (IPH) constitutes the most extreme form of intimate partnerviolence. While this violent crime affects many of women all around the world, little isknown about this phenomenon when perpetrated against young victims. To date, no studyhas investigated trends of IPHs involving young victims. This study therefore aimed toinvestigate trends of IPHs in Sweden between 1990 and 2017, disaggregated by age-groupand gender. Using register data, this study compared opposite-sex relationship IPH com-mitted against young (≤ 25 years) and against adult (≥ 26 years) individuals, disaggregatedby gender. Using poisson regression modelling, our study demonstrates that while ratesof IPH against adult women has declined, the rate involving adolescent and young adultwomen has not. Our study also indicated a decreasing trend of IPH against adult men,albeit not significant. In conclusion, while IPH committed against adult women demon-strated a decrease over time, our findings suggest that IPH against young female victimshas remained stable the past 27 years. As youth IPH has been a neglected subject of re-search, these findings suggest that the policies to combat IPV and IPH may not be adaptedand tailored for the younger population
|
|
| 4. |
- du Prel, Jean-Baptist, et al.
(författare)
-
Work overcommitment : Is it a trait or a state?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 91:1, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) is a well-tested work-related stress model with three components, the two extrinsic components efforts and rewards and the one intrinsic component overcommitment. While an imbalance between efforts and rewards leads to strain reactions, work-related overcommitment (OC) has been described as a personal characteristic with a set of attitudes, behaviours, and emotions reflecting excessive striving combined with a strong desire for approval. However, the question whether OC is a personality trait or a response pattern sensitive to changes in the work context (state) is still open. 2940 Swedish industrial employees were included in this longitudinal analysis of the WOLF-Norrland data over 5 years. A change of OC index or its subscales were regressed against a change of freedom of choice at work, extra work, and ERI adjusted for age, sex, and education. While OC was insensitive to changes in freedom of choice at work and extra work, it was clearly associated with changes of work-related stress over time. Three of four OC subscales exhibited statistically significant associations with ERI. For the first time, we studied fundamental characteristics of OC as an independent personality variable (trait) or an outcome variable subject to changes in the work environment (state). The association between external ERI and OC over time supports our hypothesis of OC being a state. Further investigations are needed to establish OC as a trait or a state.
|
|
| 5. |
- Milles, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
'Something That Stretches During Sex' : replacing the word hymen with vaginal corona to challenge patriarchal views on virginity
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Gender and Language. - : Equinox Publishing. - 1747-6321 .- 1747-633X. ; 12:3, s. 294-317
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there is no scientific proof of a breakable membrane in the vagina, virginity controls are causing great suffering to women worldwide, and hymen (re) constructions are carried out in many countries. The hymen is called modomshinna 'virginity membrane' in Swedish, which can reinforce the idea of a breakable membrane. In their work against female sexual oppression the Swedish Association for Sexuality Education launched a new term, vaginal corona. The aim of our study is to evaluate this initiative. By conducting a survey directed at youths and health professionals at youth clinics in Stockholm, we were able to show that knowledge of the new word had spread and that changes in the oppressive cultural beliefs connected to virginity and female sexuality in part can be connected to the word. The study thus supports the claim that initiatives aimed at changing vocabulary can be effective in changing cultural concepts. Feminist language activism initiatives are thus usable as part of feminist political work to promote women's sexual rights and gender equality.
|
|
| 6. |
- Rådestad, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
-
What factors in early pregnancy indicate that the mother will be hit by her partner during the year after childbirth? : A nationwide Swedish survey.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Birth: issues in perinatal care. - : Wiley. - 0730-7659 .- 1523-536X. ; 31:2, s. 84-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To be hit by one's intimate partner during the first year after childbirth may affect a woman's health and ability to take care of her newborn. The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence and indicators in early pregnancy of a woman being hit by her partner during the year after childbirth. METHOD: Information was collected by a postal questionnaire in early pregnancy and 12 months after childbirth from the approximately 5,550 women in Sweden who visited an antenatal care clinic for the first time during one of three chosen weeks in 1999 and 2000. RESULTS: Of the 3,266 recruited women, 2,563 returned the follow-up questionnaire. Being hit during the first year after childbirth was reported by 52 of the 2,563 (2%) women: 32 (61%) had been hit by their partner once, 12 (23%) twice, and 8 (15%) three or more times. Risk increased in women who were age 24 years or younger (3.9% had been hit), unmarried (7.1%), born in countries outside Europe (6.8%), with a partner born outside Europe (5.4%), had a low level of education (8.9%), and were unemployed (5.0%). In early pregnancy, women with back pain (4.0%), a chronic illness (4.1%), coital pain (6.1%), frequent depression-related symptoms (8.1%), stomach pain (3.8%), or a urinary tract problem (6.3%) were hit more often than others after childbirth. CONCLUSIONS: At least 2 percent of Swedish women giving birth in 2000 were hit by their partner during the year after childbirth. Using identified predictors during antenatal care may increase the likelihood of finding women at risk, thereby enhancing the possibility of interventions to prevent this crime and health hazard.
|
|
| 7. |
- Amsberg, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
A cognitive behavior therapy-based intervention among poorly controlled adult type 1 diabetes patients : a randomized controlled trial
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 77:1, s. 72-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of a Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)-based intervention on HbA(1c), self-care behaviors and psychosocial factors among poorly controlled adult type 1 diabetes patients. METHODS: Ninety-four type 1 diabetes patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention was based on CBT and was mainly delivered in group format, but individual sessions were also included. All subjects were provided with a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) during two 3-day periods. HbA(1c), self-care behaviors and psychosocial factors were measured up to 48 weeks. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed with respect to HbA(1c) (P<0.05), well-being (P<0.05), diabetes-related distress (P<0.01), frequency of blood glucose testing (P<0.05), avoidance of hypoglycemia (P<0.01), perceived stress (P<0.05), anxiety (P<0.05) and depression (P<0.05), all of which showed greater improvement in the intervention group compared with the control group. A significant difference (P<0.05) was registered with respect to non-severe hypoglycemia, which yielded a higher score in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: This CBT-based intervention appears to be a promising approach to diabetes self-management. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Diabetes care may benefit from applying tools commonly used in CBT. For further scientific evaluation in clinical practice, there is a need for specially educated diabetes care teams, trained in the current approach, as well as cooperation between diabetes care teams and psychologists trained in CBT.
|
|
| 8. |
- Amsberg, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Experience from a behavioural medicine intervention among poorly controlled adult type 1 diabetes patients
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 84:1, s. 76-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To describe experience from a behavioural medicine intervention among poorly controlled adult type 1 diabetes patients, in terms of feasibility, predictors and associations of improved glycaemic control. Methods Data were collected on 94 poorly controlled adult type 1 diabetes patients who were randomised to a study evaluating the effects of a behavioural medicine intervention. Statistics covered descriptive and comparison analysis. Backward stepwise regression models were used for predictive and agreement analyses involving socio-demographic and medical factors, as well as measures of diabetes self-efficacy (DES), diabetes locus of control (DLOC), self-care activities (SDSCA), diabetes-related distress (Swe-PAID-20), fear of hypoglycaemia (HFS), well-being (WBQ), depression (HAD) and perceived stress (PSS). Results The participation rate in the study was 41% and attrition was 24%. Of those patients actually participating in the behavioural medicine intervention, 13% withdrew. From the regression models no predictors or associations of improvement in HbA1c were found. Conclusions The programme proved to be feasible in terms of design and methods. However, no clear pattern was found regarding predictors or associations of improved metabolic control as the response to the intervention. Further research in this area is called for.
|
|
| 9. |
- Anderbro, Therese, et al.
(författare)
-
Fear of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 27:10, s. 1151-8
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The aim of this study was to examine the fear of hypoglycaemia and its association with demographic and disease-specific variables in a large and unselective population of adult patients with Type 1 diabetes. Methods Questionnaires were sent by post to all patients with Type 1 diabetes who were identified in the local diabetes registries of two hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden (n = 1387). Fear of hypoglycaemia was measured using the Swedish Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey, the Worry subscale and the Aloneness subscale. Demographic variables and disease-specific factors were collected from patients' self reports and medical records. Univariate analysis and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were used in the statistical analyses of the data. Results Seven hundred and sixty-four (55%) patients participated in the study (mean age 43.3 years and mean HbA(1c) 7.0%, normal < 5.0%). The Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey - Worry subscale was significantly associated with frequency of severe hypoglycaemia, number of symptoms during mild hypoglycaemia, gender, hypoglycaemic symptoms during hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemic unawareness. The Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey - Aloneness subscale was significantly associated with frequency of severe hypoglycaemia, number of symptoms during mild hypoglycaemia, gender, frequency of mild hypoglycaemia, HbA(1c) , hypoglycaemic unawareness and visits to the emergency room because of severe hypoglycaemia. Fear of hypoglycaemia proved to be more prevalent in females and indicated a different pattern between genders in relation to factors associated with fear of hypoglycaemia. Conclusions This study identifies the frequency of severe hypoglycaemia as the most important factor associated with fear of hypoglycaemia. Moreover, for the first time, we document gender differences in fear of hypoglycaemia, suggesting that females are more affected by fear of hypoglycaemia than men.
|
|
| 10. |
- Anderbro, Therese, et al.
(författare)
-
Fear of hypoglycemia : relationship to hypoglycemic risk and psychological factors
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The major aims of this study were to examine (1) the association between fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) in adults with type 1 diabetes with demographic, psychological (anxiety and depression), and disease-specific clinical factors (hypoglycemia history and unawareness, A1c), including severe hypoglycemia (SH), and (2) differences in patient subgroups categorized by level of FOH and risk of SH.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Questionnaires were mailed to 764 patients with type 1 diabetes including the Swedish translation of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS) and other psychological measures including the Perceived Stress Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Social Phobia Scale, and Fear of Complications Scale. A questionnaire to assess hypoglycemia history was also included and A1c measures were obtained from medical records. Statistical analyses included univariate approaches, multiple stepwise linear regressions, Chi-square t tests, and ANOVAs.RESULTS: Regressions showed that several clinical factors (SH history, frequency of nocturnal hypoglycemia, self-monitoring) were significantly associated with FOH but R (2) increased from 16.25 to 39.2 % when anxiety measures were added to the model. When patients were categorized by level of FOH (low, high) and SH risk (low, high), subgroups showed significant differences in non-diabetes-related anxiety, hypoglycemia history, self-monitoring, and glycemic control.CONCLUSION: There is a strong link between FOH and non-diabetes-related anxiety, as well as hypoglycemia history. Comparison of patient subgroups categorized according to level of FOH and SH risk demonstrated the complexity of FOH and identified important differences in psychological and clinical variables, which have implications for clinical interventions.
|
|
