| 1. |
- Airaksinen, Eija, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive and social functioning in recovery from depression: Results from a population-based three-year follow-up
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327. ; 96:1-2, s. 107-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study prospectively examined cognitive and social functioning in recovery from depression using participants sampled from the general population. Method: Seventy-six depressed persons fulfilling (n=41) and not fulfilling (n=35) the criteria for DSM-IV depression at a threeyear follow-up were compared with respect to episodic memory performance and social functioning at baseline (T1), at follow-up (T2) and change across time. Results: The groups did not differ in episodic memory performance either at T1, T2 or in residual change. However, the groups differed in social functioning at T2 and in residual change indicating improved social functioning in the recovered group. Limitation: The absence of a healthy control group at follow-up. Conclusion: Despite the symptomatic improvement and improved social functioning, cognitive functioning does not follow this general recovery trend, at least not in the three-year interval examined.
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| 2. |
- Cooray, Gerald, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of intensified metabolic control on CNS function in type 2 diabetes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 36:1, s. 77-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mild cognitive decline associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been suggested to be reversible with improved glycemic control. In order to characterise this cognitive decline and study the effects of improved glycemic control we have studied patients with T2DM (N = 28) and healthy control subjects (N = 21). One group of patients with diabetes (N = 15) were given a 2-month treatment of intensified glycemic control, whereas the other group (N = 13) maintained their regular treatment.Cognitive function in four different domains, auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) and resting EEG power spectrum were studied in the two groups of patients and in healthy control subjects before and after the 2-month trial period.There were significant differences at baseline (p < 0.02) between patients with T2DM and controls. Patients had lower scores in two cognitive domains: verbal fluency (p < 0.01) and visuospatial ability (p < 0.03). T2DM also affected ERP with a decrease in N100 amplitude (p < 0.04) and an increase in P300 latency (p < 0.03). Furthermore, resting EEG activity in the beta band (13–30 Hz) was reduced (p < 0.04). The change between 1st and 2nd investigation was significantly different in the three groups of patients/subjects (p < 0.03). Patients receiving intensified treatment for glycemic control had an improvement of cognitive ability in visuospatial ability (p < 0.02) and semantic memory performance (p < 0.04) together with increased resting EEG activity in the alpha band (8–13 Hz, p < 0.02) and connectivity in the theta (4–8 Hz, p < 0.03) and alpha bands (p < 0.03) over central and lateral regions. Furthermore, there was an increase in the connectivity in the beta band (p < 0.04) over the central regions of the scalp.In conclusion, subjects with T2DM had a similar type of cognitive function impairment and EEG/ERP abnormality as previously demonstrated for subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Intensified therapy showed cognitive improvement not shown for regular treatment, suggesting that the negative effect of T2DM on cognition is reversible by means of improved glycemic control. Furthermore, there was an improvement in electro-physiological measures, suggesting increased availability of compensatory mechanisms in subjects with intensified treatment.
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| 3. |
- Ferdous, Tamanna, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional status and self-reported and performance-based evaluation of physical function of elderly persons in rural Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:5, s. 518-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the impact of nutritional status on self-reportedas well as performance-based indicators of physical functionin a rural elderly population in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectionalstudy conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh, included 457 randomlyselected community-living elderly persons aged 60 years or more(60—92 years; 69 ± 7 years). Mobility, activitiesof daily living (ADL), performance tests, handgrip strength,the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and a structured questionnairewere used to assess physical function, nutritional status, socioeconomicstatus and health status, respectively. Descriptive and linearhierarchical regression analyses were applied. Results: Sevenper cent of the participants reported limitations in mobility,and 8% reported limitations in ADL. However, more than halfof the participants had difficulties in performing one or moreitems in the performance tests. According to the MNA, 26% ofthe participants were undernourished and 62% were at risk ofmalnutrition. More undernourished participants than well-nourishedparticipants reported limited mobility, impaired ADL and difficultiesin the performance tests. A corresponding reduction in gripstrength was observed in the undernourished group. Accordingly,higher MNA scores, indicating better nutritional status, weresignificantly associated with higher mobility index, higherADL index, higher performance tests index, and higher scoresin handgrip strength. These associations remained after adjustingfor demographic, socioeconomic and health status differences.Conclusions: Good nutritional status is important for the physicalfunction of elderly people, even after controlling for possibleconfounders. Performance tests indicated a higher degree offunctional impairment than that observed by self-reported estimation.
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| 4. |
- Ferdous, Tamanna, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The multidimensional background of malnutrition among rural older individuals in Bangladesh : A challenge for the Millennium Development Goal
- 2009
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 12:12, s. 2270-2278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the associations and relative impact of illness, socio-economic and social indicators for nutritional status among elderly persons in rural Bangladesh.Design: A multidisciplinary, cross-sectional study employing home interviews to collect information on demographic, socio-economic and social status; clinical examination to classify medical diagnoses; and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) to assess the nutritional status of each participant.Setting: Matlab, Bangladesh.Subjects: A total of 625 randomly selected individuals (≥60 years of age) participated in home interviews and 473 underwent clinical examination. Complete information on nutritional status was available for 457 individuals, median age 68 years, 55 % women.Results: Twenty-six per cent of the elderly participants were undernourished and 62 % were at risk of malnutrition according to MNA. More than three-quarters of the participants had acute infections, 66 % suffered from chronic illnesses, 36 % had sensory impairments and 81 % were suffering from gastrointestinal disorders. Acute infections (P < 0·001), gastrointestinal disorders (P < 0·01), depressive symptoms (P < 0·001) and impaired cognitive function (P < 0·01) were significantly and independently associated with poorer nutritional status. Moreover, female gender (P < 0·05), having no income (P < 0·01), being illiterate (P < 0·01) and not receiving regular financial support (P < 0·05) were also independently associated with poor nutritional status.Conclusions: Malnutrition among elderly people in rural Bangladesh is associated with female gender, medical, psychological, socio-economic and social indicators. A multidimensional approach is probably needed to reduce undernutrition in older populations in low-income countries like Bangladesh.
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| 5. |
- Livner, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid stimulating hormone and prospective memory functioning in old age
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 34:10, s. 1554-1559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alterations of thyroid functioning are common in old age. Even among persons free from thyroid disorders, subclinical variations in thyroid functioning may affect cognitive performance. However, it is unknown whether prospective memory (ProM) is related to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) variations. An association could be expected, as changes in the thyroid gland have been linked to alterations in frontal brain regions that play a key role in prospective remembering. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether subclinical variations in thyroid functioning affect ProM performance. We studied 103 participants, 75 years and older, who were free from thyroid disorders and had serum levels of TSH and thyroxine (T4) within normal ranges. Interestingly, we found a non-linear association between TSH and ProM performance, where persons with TSH levels above the fourth quartile performed substantially better than persons in the other quartiles. T4 levels were unrelated to ProM performance. This pattern suggests that the previously identified “normal-range” interval for TSH should be moved further up in old age, at least when cognitive functioning is considered.
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| 6. |
- Lövdén, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The sensory-cognition association in adulthood : Different magnitudes for processing speed, inhibition, episodic memory, and false memory?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 46:3, s. 253-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One hundred and forty-six participants (age range = 20-80) completed a battery of tests designed to measure visual acuity, processing speed, inhibition, episodic memory and false memory. The relations between visual acuity and general cognitive ability, as well as between visual acuity and the indicators of this construct, were evaluated with structural equation modeling. The measurement model confirmed that the indicators of the individual cognitive abilities could be grouped into a general cognitive functioning factor. However, the relation between episodic and false memory was not completely explained by the shared association with this general factor. Furthermore, visual acuity predicted approximately half of the age-related variance in the general cognition factor. Also, the proportion of age-related variance shared with vision was highest in inhibition and lowest in false memory. The results are discussed in the light of common cause accounts of cognitive aging.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes and elevated glycosylated haemoglobin : Episodic memory and utilisation of cognitive support
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0954-1446 .- 1464-0635. ; 21:2&3, s. 388-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between diabetes and episodic memory performance were examined under varying levels of cognitive support at encoding and retrieval in a population-based sample of persons 35-85 years old. Participants were divided into diagnostic groups: (1) persons with diabetes (n=125), (2) persons without diabetes diagnosis but with elevated levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c; n=151), and (3) persons without diabetes or elevated HbA1c (n=2489). Among participants 65 years of age and younger, Group 1 performed at significantly lower levels than Groups 2 and 3. Among participants 70 years of age or older, Group 2 performed at the lowest level. The results are discussed in relation to varying underdiagnosis of diabetes across age.
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| 8. |
- Palmer, Katie, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of dementia and factors associated with dementia in rural Bangladesh : data from a cross-sectional, population-based study
- 2014
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics. - : International Psychogeriatric Association. - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 26:11, s. 1905-1915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are currently no published reports of dementia prevalence or factors associated with dementia occurrence in Bangladesh. The aims are to report the prevalence of definite and questionable dementia in rural Bangladesh, and examine factors potentially associated with dementia occurrence, including sociodemographic, clinical, social, and nutritional factors. Methods: We used data from a population-based, cross-sectional study from Matlab, in rural Bangladesh, on 471 persons aged 60+ years. Participants underwent a clinical examination including diagnosis of somatic disorders, and a structured interview including questions about sociodemographic and social factors. Nutritional status was measured with the Mini Nutritional Assessment, and blood tests were conducted to assess a range of nutritional and clinical aspects. Age-and sex-specific dementia prevalence was calculated. Crude and adjusted logistic regression was used to examine associations between dementia and clinical, social, and nutritional factors. Dementia was diagnosed using a two-step procedure by physicians according to DSM-IV criteria. Results: The prevalence of questionable dementia was 11.5% and definite dementia was 3.6%. Dementia prevalence increased with increasing years of age (adjusted OR: 1.04; 95% CI = 1.002-1.1) and decreased with more years of education (adjusted OR: 0.8; 95% CI = 0.6-0.99). Being malnourished increased the odds of dementia almost six-fold (adjusted OR: 5.9; 95% CI = 1.3-26.3), while frequent participation in social activities was associated with a decreased odds (adjusted OR: 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2-0.9). Conclusions: The prevalence of dementia in rural Bangladesh is similar to other countries in the South Asia region, but lower than reports from other world regions. Malnutrition is strongly associated with dementia occurrence, and is a relevant area for future research within low-income countries.
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| 9. |
- Persson, Ninni, et al.
(författare)
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A principal component model of medical health : Implications for cognitive deficits and decline among adults in a population-based sample
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1359-1053 .- 1461-7277. ; 18:10, s. 1268-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal blood- and cognitive data from 879 adults were analyzed to extract a multidimensional health structure for prediction of cognitive change. Six health components were identified and replicated at two waves. Following, cognitive outcomes were regressed on the health components. Large proportions of cognitive age related variations were accounted for by baseline health in both cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Less variation was accounted for when health change and cognitive change were contrasted. Cardiovascular health was particularly important for prediction of cognitive change. Our study underlines causal relations between health and cognitive functions, and suggests that some effects are long term.
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| 10. |
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