| 1. |
- Hentschel, Linn, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Humor, gender and creativity in music education
- 2020
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Ingår i: The topology of music education as a field of researches, policies and practices.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we will discuss humor as a gendered resource which opens up spaces for creativity in music education. We will do so by re-analysing empirical material from our two doctoral dissertations focusing on music education in secondary schools in Sweden. Humor is often presented as something positive when it comes to education. Humor has for example been pointed out as a resource to create motivation within school-subjects otherwise not regarded as interesting among students. Humor has also been proven fruitful for teachers in order to create a friendly environment and to balance teachers formal position with a more familiar position. In other words, humor seems, within education, to be constructed as a resource to accomplish different educational goals within the classroom. In this paper though, we will discuss difficulties to keep in mind when humor appears in students interactions within the music-classroom. In the following we will draw the attention to some themes we want to discuss which have become visible in our material. When it comes to gender, humor does not seem to be a neutral resource. In studies conducted within the secondary school music-education, humor seems to be more frequently used to express masculinity. Students positioned as boys are also more expected to be humoristic and make jokes than students positioned as girls. Similarly, in research regarding the humor-business, humor seems to represent a masculine domain. Even if this is a hierarchical order that seems to change, it is a discourse that is still being reproduced and thus still have a possible explanatory power. Humor as a masculine domaine is in the material also apparent as students positioned as boys expressing humor are not being questioned, which is the case among students positioned as girls. Language creates binaries. These binaries are contextual and changes over time but are however inevitably producing positions in the particular context. Humor is in our material frequently constructed as the opposite to seriousity. This does not mean that making jokes could not be “serious business”, but rather that the distance to seriousity in itself could be used in interaction to create space, which we would like to discuss in terms of creativity. Making jokes in the different music classrooms can function as resources to create distance to seriousity. In other words, making jokes makes it possible to express yourself in otherwise not socially accepted ways without being criticized. When draped in humor, expressions such as sexism, violence, racism, homofobia etcetera could be articulated and yet not followed by criticism. Even if this could be understood as a somewhat negative way of using humor, it points towards the creative potential that comes with humor in social interaction. This kind of creativity is primarily connected to the positioning work that is being done in interactions. Even creativity connected to musical expression is, following our material, facilitated by expressions of humor. Singing in different ways in order to make other people laugh is connected to breaking (and thus at the same time expressing) musical conventions in different contexts. Singing in a funny playful way can also be used as a didactic method to encourage pupils to sing, or as a positive approach during the rehearsal phases of musical processes in school. In secondary school music classrooms the demands from public policy to teach creativity in music is not seldomly done by letting students write songs. In our material we have studied an example in which the students are seriously engaged in expressing humor within their composing. We will argue that this kind of humor increases creativity. Attempting to be humoristic can in other words be very closely connected to creativity. Humor could also be understood in negative terms, not in what it produces in terms of creativity in order to make a joke, but rather in what or who is the aim of the joke. Something or someone is always pointed out in jokes. Jokes have, in other words, a normative effect. In our material making jokes could be used to legitimize pointing out someone's mistakes for example, even if teasing is not socially accepted within the classroom. Finally, these different aspects of humor combined creates different opportunities for musical creativity within music education. These differences are, we argue, important to consider when using humor as a didactic resource.
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| 2. |
- Ahlbäck, Sven, 1960-
(författare)
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MITIS - Musical Information Technology in Schools : How can interactive music technology be used to support learning of music literacy?
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- MITIS – Musical Informational Technology in SchoolThe aim of the MITIS - project is to explore possibilities to create interactive teaching materials where new technology is used to distribute knowledge about musical structure (i.e. notation) as well as content in an interactive and creative way. This is carried out as a collaborative project between a group of music teachers, the company DoReMir, and researchers and staff from the Institution for Folk Music and the Institution for Music, Pedagogics and Society at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm.The core foundation of the project is literacy in music – for example reading and writing notation (Asmus, 2004). Notation is for most musicians an important tool to use both for taking part of, interpreting, documenting and pass music on (Hultberg, 2000). In connection with the digitalization of society and digital tools to do things such as interpreting, documenting and pass music on made available to a broader public, traditional notation has got a more hidden place in music education in schools. In the Swedish curricula for the compulsory School, notation is explicitly mentioned in 1969. In the later Curricula’s, different kind of notation is mentioned, but not as explicitly as in earlier years (Skolöverstyrelsen, 1969; Skolverket, 2019). This also aligns with the development of society as a whole, and with the strategy for digitalization that was established by the Swedish government in 2017 (Regeringen, 2017) and can be seen as a development towards a wider view on different forms of notation. However, in the aesthetic program for the upper secondary school, reading traditional notation on a basic level, is required in the Curricula (Skolverket, 2020). Furthermore, to get access to higher music education in Sweden, the skill of reading traditional notation, is required. We argue therefore, that to increase music literacy, also in regard to reading notation, can be seen as an democratic issue. To make learning notation available and possible in an easy and digitalized way, with devices available to pupils in school, may be an important step to advance possibilities for every child to access higher music education.An important part of the project is to develop and support learning and interpretation of notation in different creative ways. One of the starting points for this project is the technique for digital music interpretation that has been developed by DoReMir Music Research AB. This technique has been used in an app called Notysing, for learning to read and sing traditional notation with a digital device such as a reading tablet or mobile phone. The project has been running since 2018. The first year the focus was to develop the app, test it within a small group of music teachers, and ensure good technical quality as well as pedagogical foundations for the design. In 2019 testing started in compulsory as well as in upper secondary School in Sweden, with focus on gathering qualitative data through a digital survey in the app. During autumn 2020 a qualitive study has been conducted, and in-depth interviews are in progress. Pupils in San Diego has been included in 2020, also as a part of finding new teaching strategies for distance education during the Covid19 pandemic. It has been developed and tested with over 200 pupils and music teachers.Preliminary results suggest that pupils and music teachers are positive to learn notation through an app that uses gamification to enhance and motivate learning, and that issues that arise are mostly technical, and that the equipment of the schools, and technical skills ana knowledge of the music teacher are crucial for success. Furthermore, the results indicate that regards must be taken todifferent systems for managing IT in different schools and municipalities. Last but not least, there are great school-cultural differences in how schools work with notation in San Diego and in Sweden, which once again raises questions about how to work with it in our context, and also, why we work with it the way we currently do.ReferencesAsmus, E. P. (2004). Music Teaching and Music Literacy. Journal of Music Teacher Education, 13(2), 6–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/10570837040130020102Hultberg, C. (2000). The Printed Score As a Mediator of Musical Meaning – Approaches to Musical notation on Western Tonal Tradition. [Doctoral thesis, Malmö Academy of Music].Regeringen. (2017). Nationell digitaliseringsstrategi för skolväsendet. Utbildningsdepartementet: Bilaga till regeringsbeslut I:1, 2017-10-19.Skolöverstyrelsen. (1969). Läroplan för grundskolan 1 Allmän del. UtbildningsförlagetSkolverket (2019). Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet 2011. Reviderad 2019. Skolverket. Skolverket.( 2020). https://www.skolverket.se/undervisning/gymnasieskolan/laroplan-program-och-amnen-i-gymnasieskolan/gymnasieprogrammen/amne?url=1530314731%2Fsyllabuscw%2Fjsp%2Fsubject.htm%3FsubjectCode%3DMUS%26courseCode%3DMUSINS01S%26tos%3Dgy&sv.url=12.5dfee44715d35a5cdfa92a3#anchor_MUSINS01
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ahlbäck, Sven, 1960-
(författare)
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”We hear what we know” - On the power of concepts : how traditional fiddle music in contemporary society can benefit fromfolk music theory
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ”We hear what we know” - On the power of conceptsand how traditional fiddle music in contemporary society can benefit fromfolk music theorySwedish fiddle music, just as many other fiddle traditions, has a strong connection to dance. Making people want to move their feet is one of the chief tasks ofthe fiddler, and this connection still influences the music today, even thoughthe music might be played on concert stages or be digitally streamed.So what constitutes this knowledge of the fiddler? What is important when playing a certain local styleof Swedish polska so people actually can dance to it? If you live in an isolated community with no contact with the outside world you might not have to reflect on what is the stylistic features of your tradition but today folk music generally lives in a multi-stylistic world where different value systemsthat originates from other music traditions than fiddle music dominates. Today’s fiddlers will have to relate to today’s world of music, whether we want it or not.In Sweden, since the 19th century, there has been a tradition of mystifying the knowledge of the fiddler, making the competence of playing a matter of socio-cultural background, geography and ancestry.The perils of this view is that the qualities of art of fiddling might be obscuredand actually might be lost when music transforms - as music always do.In this talk Sven Ahlbäck, who is a traditional fiddler deeply rooted in traditional Swedish FolkMusic and very involved in development of new ensemble playing and teaching, will talkabout how conceptualising stylistic qualities of Swedish fiddle music such as e.g.asymmetrical beats, swing, bowing and intonation have influenced the developmentof today’s Swedish folk music, even beyond the fiddle.
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| 5. |
- Backman Bister, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A Prima Vista – Possibillities and Challenges with Practice-based Research in Music Education
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017 the Swedish Government commissioned four Universities to plan and execute a project aiming to develop and test different models for long-term collaboration between Universities and Colleges and heads of Schools concerning practice-based research (Utbildningsdepartementet, 2018). This should be seen in the light of the decree in the Swedish education act from 2010, that declares that the Swedish compulsory school shall be founded in scientific basis and proven experience (SFS 2010:800; Norrestam & Alfredson, 2018).These four Universities became the core of a practice-based test project between Higher Education and School, called ULF (Utbildning, Lärande, Forskning) [in English ELR, Education, Learning, Research]. The four Universities have collaborated with other Universities and Colleges and formed four hubs in the ULF project network. The Royal College of Music (RCM) in Stockholm has been a part of the project through the hub administrated by Uppsala University. The trial period ends in 2021, and throughout the period RCM has been conducting four practice-based research projects where music teachers in the compulsory school have worked together with researchers from the college in pairs and in one case in a trio, researching areas that have been identified by the music teachers as important for them in their daily work. These research areas have been: Leadership in the music-classroom; Interventions for musical knowledge development and participation; Music education and digitalization; and Norm-critical music education.Five music teachers and four researchers together have developed multifaceted knowledge concerning, of course, the research areas of interest, but also about matters concerning arrangements supporting practice-based research. This could be called incidental findings, but we argue that these areas of interest may, in fact be part of the main findings, of the study made by the RCM, as well as of the main project nationally. The results are presented in an anthology called “A Prima Vista” which will be completed in January 2021.In the symposia we would like to present results and further discuss:- How to define practice-based research? The definition of the term practice-based or practice-conducted research is not an easy on to make?- The ethical codex for conducting studies that include humans, is in Sweden not updated to adequately meet the special issues that arises when practicing teachers are partaking in research that their head of the school department is engaged in. This concerns i.e., the matter of anonymization and bias.- How do one practically take on the task of practice-based research? Little is written in Sweden on organizational matters. Our project has shown that issues like schedules, access to resources, and substitute teachers are just a few of many pressing organizational matters.- Findings from the collaborative part-studies. References Norrestam S. & Alfredsson, S. (2018). Skola på vetenskaplig grund. Hur LUnd gör BFL/BFFL. I Vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet, (s 29–38) VBE- programmet, Lund.SFS 2010:800. Skollagen. Stockholm, Utbildningsdepartementet.Utbildningsdepartementet. (2017). Uppdrag om försöksverksamhet med praktiknära forskning. Utbildningsdepartementet. Diarienummer: U2015/03573/UH, U2017/01129/UH.
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| 6. |
- Backman Bister, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Uppfattningar om musikundervisningen i grundsärskolan.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lärarnas forskningskonferens 2022. ; , s. 41-42
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uppfattningar om musikundervisningen i grundsärskolanAnna Backman Bister, Kungliga musikhögskolan, Diana Berthén, Stockholms universitet och Viveca Lindberg, Stockholms universitetBakgrund, syfte och frågeställningar: I vårt bidrag presenterar vi en intervjustudie med sex musiklärare i grundsärskolan. Syftet är att undersöka hur lärarna beskriver sin undervisning för denna elevgrupp.Vikten av undervisning där elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) får möta estetiska uttrycksmedel och ges möjlighet att erövra ett kulturellt medborgarskap betonas av flera forskare (jfr Ferm Almqvist, 2016; Sæther, 2008). FN:s barnkonvention om barnets rättigheter, samt FN:s konvention om rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning, betonar att personer med IF har rätt att ta plats som fullvärdiga medlemmar av samhället, inte bara för sin egen skull utan också för att berika samhället. Denna rättighet speglas också i skollagen.Det finns ett fåtal internationella studier med fokus på musikundervisning för elever med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar (IF). Dessa har antingen undersökt undervisning i integrerade klasser, där elever med IF undervisas tillsammans med elever utan IF, eller så är studierna gjorda i relation till musikterapi. Flera av dem är fallstudier baserade på enskilda barn eller ungdomar. Nationellt saknas såväl studier som utvärderingar av musikundervisning i grundsärskolan (Berthén, Backman Bister, Lindberg, accepterad för publikation). Resultatet av vår forskningsöversikt av musikundervisning i grundsärskolan (Berthén, Backman Bister, Lindberg, accepterad för publikation) visar närmast att musiklärarna försöker hantera en situation de oftast saknar kunskaper om och erfarenheter av (Berthén, Backman Bister, Lindberg, accepterad för publikation).Forskningsfrågan för vårt bidrag är vilka uppfattningar musiklärare i Sverige har av musikundervisningen för elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning och förutsättningarna för denna undervisning i grundsärskolan? Vi har inspirerats av Carlson (2013), som använder uttrycket musical becoming för att betona möjligheten att få uttrycka sig musikaliskt, särskilt för personer med komplicerad språklig kommunikation, och för att påvisa att det kan ta form på olika sätt – som musikkonsument, eller som (med)skapare av musik.Urval och metod: En inbjudan till ett flertal musiklärare skickades ut via den ena forskarens nätverk. Urvalskriterierna var att lärarna skulle ha lärarbehörighet och att de skulle vara aktivt verksamma som musiklärare i grundsärskolan. När det gäller lärarsituationen i grundsärskolan saknas ofta den dubbla kompetens som krävs, dvs musiklärarutbildning och speciallärarutbildning för elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF). Under läsåret 2020/21 uppgick andelen musiklärare med lärarlegitimation och behörighet i musik i grundsärskolan till 6,3 % (https://siris.skolverket.se).Semistrukturerade tematiska intervjuer genomfördes utifrån tre teman. Varje intervju inleddes med frågor som riktades mot lärarens upplevda didaktiska utveckling och faktorer som påverkat denna (jfr life-storytraditionen, Dunpath & Samuel 2009), därefter följde frågor41gällande de förutsättningar respektive skola erbjöd för musikundervisning i grundsärskola. Avslutningsvis ställde vi frågor om lärarnas musikundervisning baserat på kursplanen i musik för grundsärskolan. Medan den första intervjun genomfördes på en av de deltagande lärarnas skola, kom övriga intervjuer att genomföras på Zoom på grund av pandemin. Samtliga lärare informerades om syftet med studien och gav sitt medgivande till att intervjuerna spelades in. Ljudinspelningarna transkriberades och utgör vårt datamaterial. Intervjuerna analyseras fenomenografiskt (se Marton, 1994) för att urskilja återkommande skillnader i mönster av uppfattningar i intervjuerna.Resultatet förväntas bidra med utgångspunkter för en kommande interventionsstudie i grundsärskolans musikundervisning.ReferenserDunpath, R. & Samuel, M. (2009). Life History Research. Epistemology, Methodology and Representation. Sense Publishers.Carlson, L. (2013). Musical becoming: Intellectual disability and the transformative power of music. I: M. Wappett & K. Arndt (eds.) Foundations of Disability Studies (83-103). Palgrave Macmillan.Ferm Almqvist, C. (2016). Cultural Citizenship through aesthetic communication in Swedish schools. European Journal of Philosophy in Arts Education, 1(1), 68-95.Marton, F. (1994). Phenomenography. I T. Husén & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Education. 2. ed, Vol 8, 4424–4429. Pergamon.Saether, E. (2008). When minorities are the majority: voices from a teacher/researcher project in a multicultural school in Sweden. Research Studies in Music Education, 30(1), 25–42.
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| 7. |
- Bojner Horwitz, Eva
(författare)
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Compassion embodied and the arts
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Out of our bodies means out of our minds. The way we perceive and make sense of the world is a function not only of our brain's cognitive function but also of our sensory and motor functions as well. The term embodiment is used to describe the ways in which cognition has its basis in the physical body, and the definition is built up from a theoretical focus according to Niedenthal et al (2005) on the brain´s modality-specific systems that are constituted by, first, the sensory systems, which regulates perception of a current situation, and second, the motor systems, which make action possible, and finally the introspective systems, which govern cognitive operations and conscious experiences of emotion. The Arts incorporate these three systems, and currently there is a growing interest in how different artistic activities i.e. music and dance can enhance empathy and compassion in working environments, where wellbeing and successful leadership can grow. From systematic reviews, we know that we need more specific organisational interventions targeting psychosocial factors building on psychosomatic theory and more likely, these interventions should be grounded in the physical body (embodied) and linked to compassion to be able to better protect emotional exhaustion. So, how could we develop compassion embodied skills in our work places, in a more practical manner, and where does the art come in?
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