| 1. |
- Viktorelius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Automation and the imbrication of human and material agency : A sociomaterial perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of human-computer studies. - London : Elsevier. - 1071-5819 .- 1095-9300. ; 145, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automation is projected to transform many industries and work domains and enable both increased levels of safety and efficiency by reallocating many of the functions traditionally performed by operators. However, research on the relation between automation and work practice is lagging and needs to be further explored in order to ground the debate and design of automated work on a sound empirical basis reflecting work in actual organizational settings. In particular, research is needed that offers rich naturalistic representations of human automation interaction that accounts for the mutual shaping of human and material agency over time. The ethnographic workplace study reported in this paper draws on the sociomaterial practice perspective and on the theory of imbrication to analyze a case in which an automatic speed regulation system was installed onboard five large passenger ferries in order to improve the energy efficiency of the execution of voyages. The results show how the adoption, appropriation and use of automated technologies is inextricable from the local patterns of social interaction and collaboration. The study contributes with a deeper understanding of the relation and entanglement of the social and technological elements in human automation interaction.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Community Interpreter Training in Spoken Languages in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Interpreter Education. - San Diego, CA : Conference of Interpreter Trainers. - 2150-5772. ; 4:2, s. 24-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to analyze the community interpreter training program in Sweden and, based on the results of two research projects, describe structural conditions and shortcomings. The authors discuss Sweden’s laws and regulations, the changing demand for interpreting service in society, the open access ideology within adult education associations, and the limitation of economic resources for fulfilling the demand for trained interpreters. Interpreter training in Sweden is built on public-service needs in the areas of social insurance, the labor market, health care, and court interpreting. It is focused on factual knowledge and terminology and devotes little time for developing aspects of ethical rules, the role of the interpreter, and technical issues. In order to make progress possible it is important to use existing research and theory to develop didactics for community interpreting training. © The authors and CIT
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| 3. |
- Jonasson, Kalle, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic sport and its impact on future sport
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 13:2, s. 287-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to public health and media discourses, the mere mentioning of computer gaming (E-sport) as a form of sports might be considered subversive. As a matter of fact, the two practices are considered to be oppositional. Sports are often regarded as virtuous, whereas computer gaming is looked upon as a vice. In this light, the basic aim of this essay is to discuss and analyse the ‘sporting qualities’ of competitive computer gaming in relation to the definition of sport. The reasoning will also forecast the future of competitive computer gaming. How might this new form of ‘sport’ develop and what impact will it have on future sports in general? We answer the question by presenting three possible scenarios. Might it even be that we are standing on the threshold of a new phase in the evolution of sports?
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| 4. |
- Jonasson, Kalle, 1976-
(författare)
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K and The 'Lob'
- 2011
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Ingår i: EASS, Umeå.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A recurring theme in critical sport studies is the issue of whether the element of competition -- measuring, comparing and ranking performances (Loland 2002) – in sports is fascistoid (Tännsjö 2000, 2001), and, whether sports constrains the potential of human movement, and its creativity, rather then enhancing it (Eichberg 2010). In this essay, I will argue that the element of competition is vital for the creativity of movement-potential in sports. Still, the alleged ‘fascistoid’ or ‘creativity constraining’ element could be ‘hi-jacked’. As an example of this kind of hi-jacking, an autoethnographical (Chang 2008) account of my participation in recreational table-tennis will be seen through a process-philosophical lens. Deleuze’s conceptual pair ‘minor’ and ‘major’ (Bene & Deleuze, 1979; Deleuze & Guattari, 1986) will in the essay be extended to sport. The argument is that prolonging elements in athletic contests could be understood as ‘minor sport’, which in the essay is exemplified by defensive strokes, like chops and lobs, in table-tennis. ‘Major sport’, then, is understood as equivalent with ’the structural goal of sport’, namely, to produce winners by comparing, ranking and measuring bodily performances (Loland 2002). As a table-tennis player in the corporative/recreational series, my way of playing has rendered different conceptions among the other players, ranging from joyful to provoked. This manner could be described with ‘minor’ actions like ‘suspending the game’, ´delaying the outcome’, and ‘never having learned to smash’. When contestants are equivalent in competence and desire to win, competitions tend to produce ‘sweet tension of uncertainty of outcome’ (Loland 2002). My way of playing is directed towards maximizing the ‘sweet tension of uncertainty’. Hereby focus is shifted from sport as context where winners are produced, towards sport as a context where ‘sweet tension’ is produced. This stance combines the benefits of both protagonists and antagonists of competition.
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| 5. |
- Jonasson, Kalle, Fil. Dr. Idrottsvetenskap, 1976-
(författare)
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Modern sport between purity and hybridity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 17:10, s. 1306-1316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Issues of purity are central to modern sport, as well as to modernity in general. This paper ponders the role of purity in modern sport by also including its counterpart, hybridity, in the discussion. In sport studies, the concept of the ‘human’ is identified as something taken for granted, and therefore remains under-theorized. Bruno Latour's conception of modernity and scientific practice is here combined with Sigmund Loland's analogy between scientific experiments and sport competitions. Purity is assumed to be related to the idea of modern sport as a practice, which revolves around distilling samples of ‘humanness’ that should not be polluted by non-human interference. This paper argues that while modern sport strives to minimize non-human impact, it acknowledges the hybrid material that sport results are moulded from. The concept ‘Human’ is therefore not an a priori in modern sport but an a posteriori.
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| 6. |
- Lindgren, Eva-Carin M, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s stories about team selection: a discourse analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Leisure Studies. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 0261-4367 .- 1466-4496. ; 36:5, s. 633-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupThe aim of our study was to identify and problematise messages and value principles visible in children’s stories about team selection in sport. To achieve this, we adopted a discourse analysis approach. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 24 children aged 10–11years who participated in four team sports in 12 different Swedish sports clubs. Based on the children’s stories, the findings reveal two discourses of team selection: one participation/inclusion-oriented and one performance/exclusion-oriented discourse in which four different forms of team selection work. The participation/inclusion-oriented discourse constructs sport as a fun game that involves all participating children. The performance/exclusion-oriented discourse shows that coaches select the best children in the team to obtain the best chance of winning games. Some of the coaches have given conflicting messages that align with both discourses, which are revealed by both the girls’ and the boys’ voices in varying degrees. The findings also demonstrate that children’s reasons for playing sport are in harmony with the participation/inclusive-oriented discourse. This discourse represents a child’s perspective, promoting every child’s right to participate under the same conditions. However, the selection procedure in both discourses exhibits strong classification, since coaches are the ones who possess the power to select.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Kristina, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Working with combined methods
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of paper presentations.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We are involved in two interlinked projects, “The community interpreter – a cultural broker”and “Behind closed doors – The significance of community interpreting for guaranteeing legal security and for integration; with special focus on the reception of unaccompanied children and the processing of their asylum cases” The main purpose is to analyze the position of community interpreters as cultural brokers since they are involved in interpreted meetings and communication between professionals and clients/patients. Through the eye of the community interpreter we will especially describe and analyze the reception of separated children and the handling of their asylum case. We combine a series of methods in our work. A short description of the methods: We have done more than 160 in depth and open interviews with actors from the whole of the interpreting field: Community interpreters, agencies, public service officers, refugees, clients, patients, educators... During two years we have continuously done observations in the publicly run homes where separated children are received, in agencies, at courts, in health care centers, and we have participated in a two year long basic training for interpreters as well as in coursed for further education. Furthermore we have established,and are working closely with, five different thematic groups of experienced people, interpreters, individuals who arrived in Sweden as separated children, educators, public officials and agencies. We hold seminars where our findings are continuously discussed. Our research is anchored in formal cooperation between the University in Lund, two educators (one folk high school and one educational association) and one agency. In our paper we will describe and analyze the use of these methods and evaluate the benefits and costs of the way of gaining knowledge that we have developed.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Simon, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing the contingency of the world: magic, oracles, and machine-learning technology
- 2024
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Ingår i: AI and Society. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0951-5666 .- 1435-5655. ; 39, s. 183-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of magic is frequently used to discuss technology, a practice considered useful by some with others arguing that viewing technology as magic precludes a proper understanding of technology. The concept of magic is especially prominent in discussions of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Based on an anthropological perspective, this paper juxtaposes ML technology with magic, using descriptions drawn from a project on an ML-powered system for propulsion control of cargo ships. The paper concludes that prior scholarly work on technology has failed to both define magic adequately and use research into magic. It also argues that although the distinction between ML technology and magic is important, recognition of the similarities is useful for understanding ML technology. © 2022, The Author(s).
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| 9. |
- Tideman, Magnus, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Övergången från ung till vuxen för personer med funktionsnedsättning – en kartläggning av det vetenskapliga kunskapsläget
- 2020
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Att gå från att vara ungdom till att bli vuxen kan innebära en rad förändringar, som att flytta hemifrån, börja studera eller arbeta, skapa nya relationeroch kanske träffa en partner. Men det handlar också om att möta högrekrav på att fatta egna beslut och ta ansvar för beslutens konsekvenser.Med andra ord: att etablera sig som vuxen innebär såväl möjligheter som utmaningar för unga människor. Detta gäller givetvis också för ungasom lever med olika typer och grader av funktionsnedsättning. Den här kunskapsöversikten redovisar forskningsbaserad kunskap om övergången från ungdoms- till vuxenliv för personer med funktionsnedsättning.
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| 10. |
- Billsten, Johan, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational Readiness for Change (ORC) test used in the implementation of assessment instruments and treatment methods in a Swedish National study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0740-5472 .- 1873-6483. ; 84, s. 9-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organizational climate and related factors are associated with outcome and are as such of vital interest for healthcare organizations. Organizational Readiness for Change (ORC) is the questionnaire used in the present study to assess the influence of organizational factors on implementation success. The respondents were employed in one of 203 Swedish municipalities within social work and psychiatric substance/abuse treatment services. They took part in a nationwide implementation project organized by the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR), commissioned by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Aim The aims were: (a) to identify classes (clusters) of employees with different ORC profiles on the basis of data collected in 2011 and (b) to investigate ORC profiles which predicted the use of assessment instruments, therapy methods and collaborative activities in 2011 and 2013. Design and recruitment The evaluation study applied a naturalistic design with registration of outcome at consecutive assessments. The participants were contacted via official e-mail addresses in their respective healthcare units and were encouraged by their officials to participate on a voluntary basis. Statistics Descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS version 23. A latent profile analysis (LPA) using Mplus 7.3 was performed with a robust maximum likelihood estimator (MLR) to identify subgroups (clusters) based on the 18 ORC indexes. Results A total of 2402 employees responded to the survey, of whom 1794 (74.7%) completed the ORC scores. Descriptive analysis indicated that the respondents were a homogenous group of employees, where women (72.0%) formed the majority. Cronbach's alpha for the 18 ORC indexes ranged from α = 0.67 to α = 0.78. A principal component analysis yielded a four-factor solution explaining 62% of the variance in total ORC scores. The factors were: motivational readiness (α = 0.64), institutional resources (α = 0.52), staff attributes (α = 0.76), and organizational climate (α = 0.74). An LPA analysis of the four factors with their three distinct profiles provided the best data fit: Profile 3 (n = 614), Profile 2 (n = 934), and Profile 1 (n = 246). Respondents with the most favorable ORC scores (Profile 3) used significantly more instruments and more treatment methods and had a better collaborating network in 2011 as well as in 2013 compared to members in Profile 1, the least successful profile. Conclusion In a large sample of social work and healthcare professionals, ORC scores reflecting higher institutional resources, staff attributes and organizational climate and lower motivational readiness for change were associated with a successful implementation of good practice guidelines for the care and treatment of substance users in Sweden. Low motivational readiness as a construct may indicate satisfaction with the present situation. As ORC proved to be an indicator of successful dissemination of evidence-based guidelines into routine and specialist healthcare, it can be used to tailor interventions to individual employees or services and to improve the dissemination of and compliance with guidelines for the treatment of substance users. © 2017
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