| 1. |
- Gargano, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale effects of migration and conflict in pre-agricultural groups: Insights from a dynamic model
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The debate on the causes of conflict in human societies has deep roots. In particular, the extent of conflict in hunter-gatherer groups remains unclear. Some authors suggest that large-scale violence only arose with the spreading of agriculture and the building of complex societies. To shed light on this issue, we developed a model based on operatorial techniques simulating population-resource dynamics within a two-dimensional lattice, with humans and natural resources interacting in each cell of the lattice. The model outcomes under different conditions were compared with recently available demographic data for prehistoric South America. Only under conditions that include migration among cells and conflict was the model able to consistently reproduce the empirical data at a continental scale. We argue that the interplay between resource competition, migration, and conflict drove the population dynamics of South America after the colonization phase and before the introduction of agriculture. The relation between population and resources indeed emerged as a key factor leading to migration and conflict once the carrying capacity of the environment has been reached.
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| 2. |
- Pardalis, Georgios, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish House Owners’ Intentions Towards Renovations : Is there a Market for One-Stop-Shop?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Buildings. - Basel : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 9:7, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we examine factors aecting owners’ intention for renovation of their detached houses. Furthermore, we analyze their interest in choosing a one-stop-shop (OSS) service for the renovation, even though such a concept is not yet established in Sweden, but emerging in other parts of Europe. Our study is based on responses to an online questionnaire survey of 971 house owners residing in Kronoberg Region in Sweden. About 76% of the respondents intend to renovate in the near future, with approximately 71% of them preferring to renovate individual components of their dwelling and 5% to renovate their whole house in steps. House owners of younger age, higher income, higher education, and those with an interest for environmental issues, were the ones most interested in physical renovations, which improves energy efficiency of the building. For those house owners, one-stop-shop can facilitate the decision-making process, and help them to choose those measures that will improve their quality of life. Approximately 20% of the respondents had a positive view towards an one-stop-shop, which is an indicator that market for such a service exists. Parameters such as quality of work, cost and energy savings and specification of measures to be adopted are the key for the promotion of one-stop-shop. Additionally, house owners want to have a certain level of involvement in the selection of actors performing the renovation. Moreover, financial incentives, e.g., loans, do not play a significant role for the selection of one-stop-shop, but act as complementary motive for house owners.
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| 3. |
- Rosenlund, Joacim, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring attitudes to societal relevance : the effects of reflection on research practices among Swedish environmental scientists
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Responsible Innovation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2329-9460 .- 2329-9037. ; 4:3, s. 337-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Funding agencies and policy-makers have put increasing pressure on scientists to better clarify the usefulness of their research. It has been suggested that this may have led to an increased reflection on the societal relevance of research among the scientists themselves. However, this often is more an assumption than a carefully verified fact. This paper investigates whether reflection on societal relevance actually occurs and has a measurable effect on the choice of research and on dissemination activities performed by scientists. A survey was conducted among researchers in environmental science and technology at Swedish universities. Results show that researchers do frequently reflect upon the societal and environmental relevance of their work. We used path modelling techniques to assess how this influences their professional activities. Results show that reflection was important to explain both the choice of research and dissemination activities. Variables such as individual attitudes, experience and collaboration with external actors also affected these outcomes.
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| 4. |
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Advances in Social Simulation : Looking in the Mirror
- 2020
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book presents the state-of-the-art in social simulation as presented at the Social Simulation Conference 2018 in Stockholm, Sweden. It covers the developments in applications and methods of social simulation, addressing societal issues such as socio-ecological systems and policy making. Methodological issues discussed include large-scale empirical calibration, model sharing and interdisciplinary research, as well as decision making models, validation and the use of qualitative data in simulation modeling. Research areas covered include archaeology, cognitive science, economics, organization science, and social simulation education. This collection gives readers insight into the increasing use of social simulation in both its theoretical development and in practical applications such as policy making whereby modelling and the behavior of complex systems is key. The book will appeal to students, researchers and professionals in the various fields.
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| 5. |
- Ale Ebrahim Dehkordi, Molood, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term dynamics of institutions : Using ABM as a complementary tool to support theory development in historical studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: JASSS. - : Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation. - 1460-7425. ; 24:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical data are valuable resources for providing insights into social patterns in the past. However, these data often inform us at the macro-level of analysis but not about the role of individuals’ behaviours in the emergence of long-term patterns. Therefore, it is difficult to infer ‘how’ and ‘why’ certain patterns emerged in the past. Historians use various methods to draw hypotheses about the underlying reasons for emerging patterns and trends, but since the patterns are the results of hundreds if not thousands of years of human behaviour, these hypotheses can never be tested in reality. Our proposition is that simulation models and specifically, agent-based models (ABMs) can be used as complementary tools in historical studies to support hypothesis building. The approach that we propose and test in this paper is to design and configure models in such a way as to generate historical patterns, consequently aiming to find individual-level explanations for the emerging pattern. In this work, we use an existing, empirically validated, agent-based model of common pool resource management to test hypotheses formulated based on a historical dataset. We first investigate whether the model can replicate various patterns observed in the dataset, and second, whether it can contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism that led to the observed empirical trends. We showcase how ABM can be used as a complementary tool to support theory development in historical studies. Finally, we provide some guidelines for using ABM as a tool to test historical hypotheses.
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| 6. |
- Aliakbar, Akbaritabar, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of a national research assessment on the publications of sociologists in Italy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 48:5, s. 662-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the impact of the second national research assessment (VQR 2004–10), which was performed in 2011 by the Italian National Agency for the Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes, on publication strategies by sociologists in Italy. We reconstructed all publications from Italian sociologists in Scopus between 2006 and 2015, that is five years before and after the assessment. We also checked academic tenure and promotions during the assessment. Our results showed the potentially distortive effect of institutional signals on publications given that Italian sociologists published more in journals that were considered influential for assessment, some, however, being of doubtful quality. Our findings would suggest that the use of informed peer review and ad hoc journal ranking could stimulate adaptive responses based on strategic journal targeting to ensure publication.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bravo, Giangiacomo, et al.
(författare)
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Hidden connections : Network effects on editorial decisions in four computer science journals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Informetrics. - : Elsevier. - 1751-1577 .- 1875-5879. ; 12:1, s. 101-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to examine the influence of authors’ reputation on editorial bias in scholarly journals. By looking at eight years of editorial decisions in four computer science journals, including 7179 observations on 2913 submissions, we reconstructed author/referee-submission networks. For each submission, we looked at reviewer scores and estimated the reputation of submission authors by means of their network degree. By training a Bayesian network, we estimated the potential effect of scientist reputation on editorial decisions. Results showed that more reputed authors were less likely to be rejected by editors when they submitted papers receiving negative reviews. Although these four journals were comparable for scope and areas, we found certain journal specificities in their editorial process. Our findings suggest ways to examine the editorial process in relatively similar journals without recurring to in-depth individual data, which are rarely available from scholarly journals.
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| 10. |
- Bravo, Giangiacomo, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of publishing peer review reports on referee behavior in five scholarly journals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase transparency in science, some scholarly journals are publishing peer review reports. But it is unclear how this practice affects the peer review process. Here, we examine the effect of publishing peer review reports on referee behavior in five scholarly journals involved in a pilot study at Elsevier. By considering 9,220 submissions and 18,525 reviews from 2010 to 2017, we measured changes both before and during the pilot and found that publishing reports did not significantly compromise referees' willingness to review, recommendations, or turn-around times. Younger and non-academic scholars were more willing to accept to review and provided more positive and objective recommendations. Male referees tended to write more constructive reports during the pilot. Only 8.1% of referees agreed to reveal their identity in the published report. These findings suggest that open peer review does not compromise the process, at least when referees are able to protect their anonymity.
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