| 1. |
- Jansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Democratic revolutions as institutional innovation diffusion : rapid adoption and survival of democracy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - New York : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 80:8, s. 1546-1556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent ‘democratic revolutions’ in Islamic countries call for a re-consideration of transitions to and from democracy. Transitions to democracy have often been considered the outcome of socio-economic modernization and therefore slow and incremental processes. But as a recent study has made clear, in the last century, transitions to democracy have mainly occurred through rapid leaps rather than slow and incremental steps. Here, we therefore apply an innovation and systems perspective and consider transitions to democracy as processes of institutional, and therefore systemic, innovation adoption. We show that transitions to democracy starting before 1900 lasted for an average of 50 years and a median of 56 years, while transitions originating later took an average of 4.6 years and a median of 1.7 years. However, our results indicate that the survival time of democratic regimes is longer in cases where the transition periods have also been longer, suggesting that patience paid in previous democratizations. We identify a critical ‘consolidation-preparing’ transition period of 12 years. Our results also show that in cases where the transitions have not been made directly from autocracy to democracy, there are no main institutional paths towards democracy. Instead, democracy seems reachable from a variety of directions. This is in line with the analogy of diffusion of innovations at the nation systems level, for which assumptions are that potential adopter systems may vary in susceptibility over time. The adoption of the institutions of democracy therefore corresponds to the adoption of a new political communications standard for a nation, in this case the innovation of involving in principle all adult citizens on an equal basis.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Malmström, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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VC Stereotypes About Men and Women Aren’t Supported by Performance Data
- 2018
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Ingår i: Harvard Business Review. - Boston : Harvard Business School Publishing. - 0017-8012. ; :March 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male entrepreneurs are the beneficiaries of the overwhelming majority of venture capital investments. But are their ideas really better investment opportunities for VCs than those pitched by women? Not necessarily. In a two-part study, researchers observed that venture capitalists adopt markedly different stereotypical notions of female and male entrepreneurs during their decision-making processes. These stereotypical notions, which cast men as having traits better suited to starting successful companies, don’t hold up when compared with venture performance data from annual reports. In other words, there is no statistical evidence that many myths about female entrepreneurs are true.
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| 4. |
- Malmström, Malin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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When stereotypical gender notions see the light of day, will they burst? : Venture capitalists' gender constructions versus venturing performance facts
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Venturing Insights. - New York : Elsevier. - 2352-6734. ; 9, s. 32-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although often discussed, there has been limited effort to match venture capitalists’ construction of gender notions with specific facts about the entrepreneurs’ venturing activities. This study shows how stereotypical gender notions of both men and women entrepreneurs are embedded in venture capitalists’ assessments and analyses as well as explores whether or not these notions have substance based on actual performance. Drawing on interview data and statistical analysis of objective key performance information from accounting reports, we identify four myths in the evaluations of 126 venture capital applications for governmental capital that do not have any significant empirical substance. We discuss these findings’ implications for the study of myths in women's entrepreneurship.
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| 5. |
- Bernson, Jenny M, et al.
(författare)
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'Making dental care possible - a mutual affair'. A grounded theory relating to adult patients with dental fear and regular dental treatment
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - Copenhagen : Munksgaard Forlag. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 119:5, s. 373-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental fear is a common and widespread problem, which can cause severe stress. Even so, most patients with dental fear undergo regular dental treatment in spite of their fear and many enjoy good oral health. The aim of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of how patients with dental fear manage to undergo dental treatment. Fourteen patients with dental fear, who undergo regular dental care, were interviewed. Qualitative analysis of the transcribed interviews was performed according to the principles of grounded theory. A conceptual framework was generated, and the main concern was identified as 'making dental care possible - a mutual affair'. Four additional categories explained how patients handled their dental fear and how dental care became possible. The strategies were labelled 'taking part in a mental wrestling match', 'trust-filled interaction with dental staff', 'striving for control' and 'seeking and/or receiving social support'. The results showed that making dental care possible for patients with dental fear is a mutual challenge that requires interplay between dental staff and patients, involving verbal and non-verbal communication reflecting respect, attention, and empathy. Moreover, a balance between nearness and distance and between professional and personal treatment is required.
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| 6. |
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Guiding and guided tours
- 2009
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Ingår i: Guiding and guided tours. - Göteborg : BAS Publishers. - 9789172462854 ; , s. 15-28
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book is based on the collaborative work and experience from Swedish researchers in an new and promising field of scientific and management oriented inquiry: guided tours. The book represents a wide range of scientific perspectives such as organizational theory, human geography, architecture, ethnology and technology.The chapters are divided into three themes: Guided tours as a phenomenon, Guided tours and guidebooks and finally Guided tours: their production, content and use. And your guides - the authors - will provide various kinds of insights. We will follow the history of guidebooks and their followers, experience the smell of sage and find out how a guided tour at a construction site can be performed. Let's take a walk...
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| 7. |
- Lindenfors, Patrik, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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The Cultural Evolution of Democracy : Saltational Changes in A Political Regime Landscape
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 6:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transitions to democracy are most often considered the outcome of historical modernization processes. Socio-economic changes, such as increases in per capita GNP, education levels, urbanization and communication, have traditionally been found to be correlates or ‘requisites’ of democratic reform. However, transition times and the number of reform steps have not been studied comprehensively. Here we show that historically, transitions to democracy have mainly occurred through rapid leaps rather than slow and incremental transition steps, with a median time from autocracy to democracy of 2.4 years, and overnight in the reverse direction. Our results show that autocracy and democracy have acted as peaks in an evolutionary landscape of possible modes of institutional arrangements. Only scarcely have there been slow incremental transitions. We discuss our results in relation to the application of phylogenetic comparative methods in cultural evolution and point out that the evolving unit in this system is the institutional arrangement, not the individual country which is instead better regarded as the ‘host’ for the political system.
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| 8. |
- Malmström, Malin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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What do they think and what do they say? : Gender bias, entrepreneurial attitude in writing and venture capitalists’ funding decisions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Venturing Insights. - : Elsevier. - 2352-6734. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study shows that women may be at a disadvantage when signaling that they are “entrepreneurial” to venture capitalists. We demonstrate how gender-based disadvantages may arise from role incongruence in entrepreneurship by analyzing multi-source data from 131 venture capital applications, venture capitalists’ cognitions, and their funding decisions. Our analysis indicates that women who signal an entrepreneurial attitude are more likely to elicit prevention considerations from venture capitalists, whereas men who signal such an attitude are more likely to elicit promotion considerations. We also find that promotion considerations increase the amount of financing, whereas prevention considerations decrease the amount of financing. Our study increases knowledge about the gendered cognitions that underlie implicit bias among investors and knowledge about the effects of regulatory focus on funding outcomes by exploring the interaction between gender and entrepreneurial attitude.
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| 9. |
- Odberg Pettersson, Karen, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Mozambican midwives' views on barriers to quality perinatal care
- 2006
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Ingår i: Health Care for Women International. - Philadelphia, USA : Taylor & Francis. - 0739-9332 .- 1096-4665. ; 27:2, s. 145-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our purpose in this study was to explore the midwives' perception of factors obstructing or facilitating their ability to provide quality perinatal care at a central labor ward in Maputo. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 16 midwives and were analyzed according to grounded theory technique. Barriers to provision of quality perinatal care were identified as follows: (i) the unsupportive environment, (ii) nonempowering and limited interaction with women in labor, (iii) a sense of professional inadequacy and inferiority, and (iv) nonappliance of best caring practices. A model based on the midwives' reflections on barriers to quality perinatal care and responses to these were developed. Actions aimed at overcoming the barriers were improvising and identifying areas in need of change. Identified evading actions were holding others accountable and yielding to dysfunction and structural control. In order to improve perinatal care, the midwives need to see themselves as change agents and not as victims of external and internal causal relationships over which they have no influence. It is moreover essential that the midwives chose actions aiming at overcoming barriers to quality perinatal care instead of choosing evading actions, which might jeopardize the health of the unborn and newborn infant. We suggest that local as well as national education programs need to correspond with existing reality, even if they provide knowledge that surpasses the present possibilities in practice. Quality of intrapartum and the immediate newborn care requires a supportive environment, however, which in the context of this study presented such serious obstacles that they need to be addressed on the national level. Structural and administrative changes are difficult to target as these depend on national organization of maternal health care (MHC) services and national health expenditures.
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| 10. |
- Voitkane, Aija, et al.
(författare)
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How much does the “same-gender effect” matter in VCs' assessments of entrepreneurs?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Venturing Insights. - New York, NY : Elsevier. - 2352-6734. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our study uses cognitive mapping techniques to take into account how the same/opposite gender influences the cognitive evaluations of venture capitalists (VCs). Contrary to what has often been discussed in previous entrepreneurship literature, our results report women VCs evaluate women entrepreneurs more critically, and men VCs evaluate men entrepreneurs more critically. However, overall, the VCs' vaguer processing and lower rating of women's venturing compared to men's indicate a general structure of subordinating women's venturing compared to men's venturing. Ultimately, this contributes with an alternative view to explain what we see on the VC scene: women entrepreneurs are more likely to be rejected. We discuss implications of these results as well as implications for future study.
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