| 1. |
- Thunberg, Hans, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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The Widening Gap — A Swedish Perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: Mathematics Education Research Journal. - 1033-2170 .- 2211-050X. ; 20:2, s. 38-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition problems from secondary to tertiary level in mathematics have been arecurrent issue in Sweden. This paper summarises the development during the lastdecades. Results from two recent research studies that illuminate the transitionproblem are presented. The first one, based on empirical data from a major Swedishtechnical university, characterises the widening gap, in content and in approach,between secondary school and first year university courses. The second study dealswith students’ encounters with mathematical proof and is based on a largeinvestigation at another main Swedish university. We discuss the influence on thecurrent transition problems of school reforms and of the great expansion of highereducation in Sweden during the last 10 – 15 years in view of the results from theresearch studies.
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| 2. |
- Feldt, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Generic Skills in Software Engineering Master Thesis Projects : Towards Rubric-Based Evaluation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 22nd Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training, CSEET 2009. - Hyderabad : IEEE Computer Society. - 9780769535395 ; , s. 12-15
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been much recent interest in how to help students in higher education develop their generic skills, especially since this is a focus of the Bologna process that aims to standardize European higher education. However, even though the Master thesis is the final and often crucial part of a graduate degree and requires many generic skills very little research has directly focused on them. In particular, there is a lack of such knowledge for engineering education programs. In this paper we present results from a survey where we asked 23 students from three different Swedish universities about which generic skills are needed and developed in a Master thesis project in Software Engineering. One outcome of our analysis is that there is a lack of understanding on how to define, and thus examine, generic skills in software engineering thesis projects.
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| 3. |
- Ekman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Enterprise Systems' Impact(s) on Business Relationships
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advances in Information Systems Development. - Boston, MA : Springer. - 9780387308340 ; , s. 591-602
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enterprise systems (ESs), i.e. standardized applications supplied from software vendors such as SAP or Oracle, have been extensively employed by companies during the last decade. Today all Fortune 500 companies have, or are in the process of installing, this kind of information system. A wide-spread denotation for these applications is enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. But the broad utilization use of these software packages in business is rendering this labelling too narrow (Davenport 2000).A central aspect of ESs is their multi-dimensional characteristics. Based upon a (virtual) common database, ESs allow all business activities to be observed throughout the company (i.e. an operation performed by marketing may be displayed in finance; purchasing; supply functions, and so forth, in real-time). But with this high visibility and extensive information processing capacity comes the drawback that the information system as a whole may be hard to grasp (Markus 2004, Davenport 1998).When implementing an ES package, the company can select from different industry-adapted modules providing core functionalities (i.e. that support proc¬es¬ses such as production, supply chain management, and R&D), as well among complementary modules to be used in support processes (such as finance, HR, marketing, etc). In fact, along with Internet, ESs can be seen as the most important technology to have attained wide-spread use during the last decade (Seddon et al. 2003). For a company this means that the integration of an ES into its business operations by neces-sity will, to a greater or lesser extent, affect the business activities that are carried out. For companies, these business activities have been observed by researchers to take place within relatively stable, long-term oriented business relationships with specific well-known counterparts (Håkansson and Snehota 1995). This means that ESs, especially with the high level of usage in companies (Seddon et al. 2003), become an interesting research object not only from a company-focused perspective, but also from a broader perspective, allowing business relationships to unique suppliers and customers to be included.But how can ESs be captured and understood in this setting? This question will be discussed and elaborated on in the following sections, leading to some recommendations on relevant issues
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Enquist, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Social Learning : A Solution to Rogers's Paradox of Nonadaptive Culture
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Anthropologist. - : Wiley. - 0002-7294 .- 1548-1433. ; 109:4, s. 727-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alan Rogers (1988) presented a game theory model of the evolution of social learning, yielding the paradoxical conclusion that social learning does not increase the fitness of a population. We expand on this model, allowing for imperfections in individual and social learning as well as incorporating a "critical social learning" strategy that tries to solve an adaptive problem first by social learning, and then by individual learning if socially acquired behavior proves unsatisfactory. This strategy always proves superior to pure social learning and typically has higher fitness than pure individual learning, providing a solution to Rogers's paradox of nonadaptive culture. Critical social learning is an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) unless cultural transmission is highly unfaithful, the environment is highly variable, or social learning is much more costly than individual learning. We compare the model to empirical data on social learning and on spatial variation in primate cultures and list three requirements for adaptive culture. © 2007 by the American Anthropological Association.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Critical points in current theory of conformist social learning
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Psychology. - 0737-4828. ; 5:1, s. 67-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing mathematical models suggest that gene-culture coevolution favours a conformist bias in social learning, that is, a psychological mechanism to preferentially acquire the most common cultural variants. Here we show that this conclusion relies on specific assumptions that seem unrealistic, such as that all cultural variants are known to every individual. We present two models that remove these assumptions, showing that: 1) the rate of cultural evolution and the adaptive value of culture are higher in a population in which individuals pick cultural variants at random ( Random strategy) rather than picking the most common one ( Conform strategy); 2) in genetic evolution the Random strategy out-competes the Conform strategy, unless cultural evolution is very slow, in which caseConform and Random usually coexist; 3) the individuals’ ability to evaluate cultural variants is a more important determinant of the adaptive value of culture than frequency-based choice strategies. We also review existing empirical literature and game-theoretic arguments for conformity, finding neither strong empirical evidence nor a strong theoretical expectation for a general conformist bias. Our own vignette study of social learning shows that people may indeed use different social learning strategies depending on context.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Afzal, Wasif, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating Metrics in an Organizational Test Strategy
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation. - : IEEE. - 9780769533889 ; , s. 304-315
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An organizational level test strategy needs to incorporate metrics to make the testing activities visible and available to process improvements. The majority of testing measurements that are done are based on faults found in the test execution phase. In contrast, this paper investigates metrics to support software test planning and test design processes. We have assembled metrics in these two process types to support management in carrying out evidence-based test process improvements and to incorporate suitable metrics as part of an organization level test strategy. The study is composed of two steps. The first step creates a relevant context by analyzing key phases in the software testing lifecycle, while the second step identifies the attributes of software test planning and test design processes along with metric(s) support for each of the identified attributes.
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| 10. |
- Björkman, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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What does it mean to Know Computer Science? Perspectives from Gender Research
- 2006
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Ingår i: tripleC. - : http://triplec.uti.at/articles.php. - 1726-670X. ; 4:2, s. 316-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The epistemological basis for computer science (CS), on which research and education as well as development of applications are founded, are fundamental for its production of knowledge. In this paper we raise the issue of how gender research developed within science and technology can be used within computer science, to approach and discuss foundations of the discipline, and what the implications of this reflection are for CS education. After an introduction, which serves to motivate the questions raised, we discuss issues concerning the foundations of computer science. We then introduce gender research, as we use it, and present some points where this type of research can contribute to the question “What does it mean to know CS?”.
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